英语构词法之合成法与混成法课件

1、合成法 compounding1-精品文档-CompoundingConceptCharacteristicsFormation-精品文档-Concept将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为合成法。Compounding: a process by which a compound lexeme is derived from two or more simpler lexemes.3-精品文档-Characteristicsto distinguish a compound from a free phrase:Semantic Features(语义学标准): a compound

2、 has it own semantic features, rather than the meaning combination of each word.E.g. greenhouse vs. green houseOrthographic Features（正字法标准）: Compounds are written in various ways.E.g. a. Solid(字间不留空的): bedroom, newspaper, horseback; b. Hyphenated(用连字符连接的): part-time, good-looking; c. Open(字间留空的): ai

3、r force, air raid, black list, black sea4-精品文档-Phonological Features（音位学标准）: compounds have a high or unity stress in the first component.E.g.Grammatical Features（语法特征）: compounds have their own grammatical features.e.g. v.+ n. breakwater n.; n + -ed homemade adj. ; adj + -ed newborn adj. 扬声器 loudsp

4、eaker rather than louder speaker compoundsphrasesbluebird a blue birdblackboarda black board5-精品文档-Formation合成名词 (Noun compounds)合成动词(Verb compounds)合成形容词(Adjective compounds)合成副词和合成代词 (Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds)6-精品文档-合成名词 Noun compounds方式例词名词+名词football, notebook, seafood, hand-book.形

5、容词+名词blackboard, first-class, green house动名词+名词waiting-room, writing-desk, sleeping bag.动词+名词pickpocket, turn-coat, sleepwalker副词+名词income, overcoat, inland代词+名词he-goat, she-wolf名词+介词+名词father-in-law, editor-in-chief动词+副词take-off, breakup, breakdown副词+动词output, download, overflow7-精品文档-合成动词 Verb com

6、pounds构成方式例词名词+动词sleepwalk, waterski, daydream, sunbathe副词+动词overcome, overeat, upload, uphold形容词+副词whitewash, quick-charge, blacklist, ill-treat其它方式blow-dry, spin-dry梦游 滑水 做白日梦 沐日光浴克服 吃太多 上传 维护刷白 快速充电 列入黑名单 虐待 吹干 甩干8-精品文档-合成形容词 Adjective compounds 构成 方式 例词 过去分词或-ed词尾 kind-hearted, middle-aged, new-

7、born-ing词尾 good-looking, easy-going, man-eating形+名或名+形full-time, first-class, ice-cold, brand-new其它方式 two-hour, out-door, up-hill, see-through好心的 中年的 新生的 好看的 随和的 吃人的 全职的 头等的 冰冷的 全新的 两小时的 户外的 上山的 透明的 9-精品文档-合成副词和合成代词 Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds构成方式例词合成副词empty-handed, single-handed, sideway

8、showever, anywhere, downstairs合成代词myself, himself, ourselvessomeone, anybody, nothing, everyone空手地 单枪匹马地 向一边 然而 任何地方 往楼下 我自己 他自己 我们自己某人 任何人 没事 每个人10-精品文档-Word Formation: Blending 混成法-精品文档-Blending -精品文档-The meaning of blending MIXblends or portmanteau words-精品文档-混成法（Blending）定义混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是把两个词合在一

9、起,其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母,新词的意义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。例如：news broadcast newscast 新闻广播television broadcast telecast 电视播送smoke and fog smog 烟雾photo and graphy photography摄影，摄影术-精品文档-More and more police and traffic experts believe that autocide is an important cause of traffic death. The black woman supported her b

10、ig family to live in the slurb where far away from the center. slurb (美.市郊贫民区)= slum + suburbThe chunnel beneath the English Channel, put into service in 1994, linked England and France. chunnel (水底隧道)= channel + tunnelautocide (撞车自杀 )= automobile + suicideheadtailheadtailtailheadStructure 1 The str

11、uctures of blending-精品文档-Structure 1automobile + suicide = autocide slum + suburb = slurb channel + tunnel = chunnel 狮虎兽： 广告统计学: 经济滞胀: 雾霾: head + tail lion + tiger=ligeradvertising + statistics= advertisticsstagnation + inflation= stagflationsmoke + fog = smog-精品文档-Structure 2The sitcom Growing Pain

12、s is quite popular in America. These stations would hold a private key that let them recognize tagged connections from telex clients. With the help of comsat, Google Map could captured every details of the environment to an extreme degree. telex (电传)= teleprinter + exchangersitcom(情景喜剧) = situation

13、+ comedyheadheadheadheadcomsat (卫星通讯)= communication + satelliteheadhead-精品文档-situation + comedy= sitcom teleprinter + exchange = telex communication + satellite = comsat Structure 2head + head -精品文档-Structure 3 医疗救助 head + word medicaid = medical + aid 汽车野营autocamp= automobile + camp 欧亚Eurasia = Eu

14、rope + Asia-精品文档-Structure 4 劳动福利 流动书店bookmobileword + tail = talk + marathonworkfare= work + welfare= book + automobile冗长的谈话talkathon-精品文档-Conclusion Blending is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established. Moreover, they even serve as models for new formations (hamburger beefburger, cheeseburger, etc.). The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns; very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer. The few verbs are: telecast (from t