基本英语语法大全PPT课件(PPT 42页)

1、Revision of Basic English 基本英语复习1.第1页，共42页。各时态中的“四大基本句型” 2.第2页，共42页。什么是四大基本句型1 主动句型：主语+谓语（动词或动词短语）I study.We listen to the music.She takes care of her baby.3.第3页，共42页。2 被动句型：主语+谓语（Be的过去分词）由“be+动词的过去分词“构成。汉语一般用“被，由，受到，得到+动词”的结构来表达。1 The car is repaired.2 The report will be written.3 The work is done.

2、 4.第4页，共42页。系表句型：主语+谓语（系表结构）由“联系动词+表语”构成。用于介绍人或事物各种静态情况，如身份，特征，品质和位置等。1 We are students.2 I am happy.3 They are at home.5.第5页，共42页。存在句型：谓语（there be）+主语由There be构成。是一种主谓倒装句，即谓语在前，主语在后。1 There are some books on the desk.2 There is a meeting today.6.第6页，共42页。什么是英语“十二句型”“十二句型”是在四大基本句型上进一步细分而成。主动句型和被动句型均

3、可按其附带的其他成分各自进一步分成四种句型。系表句型和存在句型则各自分成两种句型。“十二句型”构成了完整的英语句型体系。7.第7页，共42页。一、“主动句型”系列细分成：主加动，主动宾，主动宾补和主动双宾四个句型。（一）主加动句型。特点：动词做谓语。1The students read.2They do not speak.3I have left.(助动词和动词一起做谓语。8.第8页，共42页。（二）主动宾句型谓语动词可以是及物动词或不及物动词。1“及物动词”带宾语：He studies English.We cleaned the house.They are doing homework

4、. 9.第9页，共42页。“不及物动词”带宾语（借助一个固定搭配的介词。He has listened to the music.I wont wait for you.He looked at the car.3.短语动词带宾语（其本身相当于一个动词）We look forward to the Olympics.I must make up for the loss.We will make use of the waste. 10.第10页，共42页。（三）主动宾补句型。用于表达“主语使宾语如何”，或“主语感觉到宾语如何”。谓语动词有两种：一种是“使” “让”意思的动词。一种是“看见”“

5、听见”的感官动词。You make me happy.My boss asked me to write a report.I heard them quarreling.11.第11页，共42页。常见的含“使”“让”意思的动词包括：Make let have ask want get advise persuade invite allow expect tell urge order tempt train cause consider press force keep prove prompt12.第12页，共42页。 （四）主动双宾语句型。用于表达一个给另一个人某样东西。动词一般含有“

6、给”的意思。给出的物是直接宾语，给向的人是间接宾语。I gave him a book.My friends lent me some money.We will teach the enemy a lesson.13.第13页，共42页。 常用的含有的“给”的动词包括：Give send bring lend show teach buy offer find save等。Her husband bought her a new dress.The boss showed us his collection14.第14页，共42页。被动句系列被动句型分为四种：（一）被动基本句型（主+BE+过

7、去分词+BY+逻辑主语）主动宾句型：I drive that car.被动基本句型：That car is driven by me主动宾句型:The students do the homework被动基本句型:The home is done by the students15.第15页，共42页。（二）被动主补句型主语+BE+过去分词+主补+BY+逻辑主语主动宾补句型:The story made her sad.被动主补句型:She was made sad by the story.They asked me to come hereI was asked to come here

8、by them.The father saw his son playing football.The boy was seen playing football by his father16.第16页，共42页。“BY+逻辑主语”是一个介宾短语。此介词短语的位置可以被提前到谓语和主语补足语之间。I am advised by my teacher to learn English.He was asked by his mother to wash his clothes.17.第17页，共42页。(三)被动直宾句型：主+BE+过去分词+逻辑直宾。是在主动双宾句型的基础上，把间接宾语提前到

9、句首做主语。He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.My friend sent me a message.I was sent a message by my friend.18.第18页，共42页。三、主系表句型主语 联系动词 表语He is a student(表述身份） tall/handsome(表述品质） happy/busy(表述状态） at home/from China(表述方位) 19.第19页，共42页。（二）主系表宾句型：主+系+表+宾这个句型用于表达主语对宾语采取什么态度，或对宾语处于什么状态。He is busy wi

10、th his workI am proud of my country.My sister is good at Mathematics.The foreigner is used to his life in China.The drunk driver is responsible for the accident.20.第20页，共42页。主系表宾句型和主动宾句型的比较：我怕那条狗。主动宾句型：I fear the dog.主系表宾句型：I am afraid of the dog.他知道这个危险。主动宾句型:He knows the danger.主系表宾句型：He is aware

11、of the danger.21.第21页，共42页。联系动词的种类。大多数由BE来做联系动词。也可分为五类。它们的含义归纳为：是，变得，保持，感官和被证明是。其中后四种联系动词的表语大多由形容词来担任。1.是 BEI am thirsty. My father is an engineer.It will be cloudy tomorrow.He has been in Beijing.22.第22页，共42页。2变得：get, turn, grow, go, fall, become, comeHe got angry.The leaves have turned red.The man

12、 has grown old.It never goes wrong.She soon fell asleep.My dream has come true.23.第23页，共42页。保持:keep, remain, stayHe remains a student.My brother remained in bed of for two days.The travelers kept warm in their tents.We will stay healthy.24.第24页，共42页。感官联系动词：看起来， 听上去，闻起来， 尝起来，摸起来，看来，显得等等。You look grea

13、t.His advice sounds reasonable.The cheese smelled terrible.The table feels smooth.He wont feel happy.The train seem to be late.25.第25页，共42页。注意有些动词既可以做联系动词，又可做普通的行为动词，如：keep, grow, get 和feel 等。Everybody keeps he secret.Everybody keeps quiet.We grow flowers in the gardens.We grow taller day by day.Can

14、 you get two tickets for me?He got very angry.I felt the pain.I felt happy.26.第26页，共42页。第二章英语句子的第二维：四句联式一、主动句型肯定句：I like summer.否定句：I dont like summer.一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：27.第27页，共42页。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词包括：who, whom (who的宾格) what, which, when, whose, where, why, how二、被动句型：肯定句：The car is repaired.否定句：The car is not r

15、epaired.一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：28.第28页，共42页。三、系表句型肯定句：否定句：一般疑问句：Are you a student?特殊疑问句：Who are you?三、存在句型：肯定句：There is a lesson.否定句：There is not a lesson.一般疑问句：特殊疑问句：29.第29页，共42页。含有情态动词的四大基本句型及四联句式情态动词用于表达情绪和态度。附着在动词之前，成为谓语的一部分。在否定句中，not被放在情态动词之后。在“一般疑问句”和“特殊疑问句”中，情态动词也像助动词那样被前置。一、主动句型He can speak EnglishHe c

16、an _speak English._ he speak English?How_ he speak English?30.第30页，共42页。二、被动句型The car must be repaired.The car must_ be repaired._ the car be repaired?_ _ the car be repaired?三、主系表句型I should be happyI should not be happy.我应该高兴吗？为什么我应该高兴？31.第31页，共42页。存在句型There must be a lesson today.There cant be a l

17、esson today._ there be a lesson today?今天怎么会有一节课呢？32.第32页，共42页。第三章英语句子的第三维：时态第一节：时态的划分一、时态的定义：时间+状态二、时态的划分方法：三、对四个时间段和四种状态的定义时间分为：现在，过去，将来，过去将来。状态分为：一般，进行，完成，完成进行。共组合16种时态，其中8种是常用的。33.第33页，共42页。英语时态名称表一般进行完成完成进行现在现在一般时态现在进行时态现在完成时态现在完成进行时态过去过去一般时态过去进行时态过去完成时态过去完成进行时态将来将来一般时态将来进行时态将来完成时间将来完成进行时态过去将来过去

18、将来一般时态过去将来进行时态过去将来完成时态过去将来完成进行时态34.第34页，共42页。一对四个时间段的定义1、现在“：包括“此时”和“平时”2、过去：指“现在”之前的时间，但不包括“现在”。3、将来：指“现在”之后的时间，但不包括“现在”。4、过去将来：指”过去“的”将来“。即在过去的某个时间里谈当时的将来。35.第35页，共42页。第二节 四大基本句型表达时态的方式四大基本句型有各自的方式来表达时态。其中主动句型单独采取一套表达方式，其它三大句型都通过be的变型来实现时态的变化。（一）主动句型1、进行状态谓语（be + doing)2、完成状态谓语 (have + done)3、一般状态

19、谓语 (do)4、完成进行状态谓语(have + been + doing)。36.第36页，共42页。(二)“被动句型”“系表句型”和“存在句型”与主动句型相比，此三种句型的时态变化要简单得多。都是通过be的变型来实现的。1现在一般时态 am/ is /are2过去一般时态 was/ were3将来一般时态 will be4现在进行时态 am/is/are + being5过去进行时态 was/were + being6将来进行时态 will be being7现在完成时态 have/has been37.第37页，共42页。8过去完成时态 had been9将来完成时态 will have been10过去将来一般时态 would be38.第38页，共42页。第三节 英语时态的种类一、现在一般时态（一）现在一般时态的用途1 表述目前的状况I am very busyIt is fine today2 表述人的性格或习惯She is kindHe likes soccer.He always does his homework at school39.第