生物工艺学教学课件：Chapter 01 Introduction

1、Bioprocess Technology: Fundamentals and Applications1 Introduction2 Reactor Design and Instrumentation3 Metabolic Basis of Product Formation4 Kinetic models5 Mass Transport in Bioreactors6 Modes of Process Operation7 Scale-up of Aerobic Processes8 Immobilization of Biocatalysts9 Sterilization Part 1

2、 Fundamentals Part 2 Applications10 Fermented Food 11 Microbial Energy Conversion Processes12 Antibiotics13 Industrial Use of Enzymes14 Biology of Waste Water Treatment enzymesChapter 1Introduction1.1. History of Industrial BiotechnologyProducts of fermentation processes Products typeExampleProducts

3、 typeExampleAlcoholsEthanol Butanol (+acetone)Organic acidsCitric acid Acetic acidAmino acidsGlutamic acid LysinePolysaccharidesDectran XanthanAntibioticPenicillins TetracyclinesPurified waste waterBOD-removal SenitrificationEnzymesProteases AmylasesSingle-cell proteinFodder yeastHormonesInsulin Hum

4、an growth hormoneStarter culturesBakers yeast Lactic startersInsecticidesThuringiensinSteroid transformationCortisoneMethaneBiogasfrom sewage/waterVaccinesTetanusNucleotidesIMP GMPVitaminsRiboflavin 1.1.1 Era of mioorganisium(19 century 1944）1857. France Pasteur microorganism1897. Germany Buchner en

5、zyme A： primary metabolism product: ethanol, citric acid B: anaerobic fermentation1.1.2 Biochemical EngineeringPenicillin productionlab: 1000mL; 40u/ml, recovery35%, purity20%, 80000 flask produce 1kg penicillin, 16000 $/kg1941年 US and English 1943年 化学工程师和生物学家合作 A: 通气发酵罐，效价提高到200u/ml B: 离心最取齐萃取器，萃取过

6、程连续化，纯度为60%，收率75% 解决：通气、培养基灭菌和分离提取1944年 链霉素1947年 美国麦克尔公司被授予“生物化学工程的专题研究”的麦可老希尔化 学工程成就奖Tiselius 开创生物色谱和电泳Arne Tiselius的贡献1925年 23岁作为Svedberg研究生 外力场： 离心场+电场1930年 一个电泳：移动界面电泳方法 （Moving boundary method)，毕业论文1934年 两个学生Phipot&Svensson 紫外光光学照像系统：最早的监测器 1935年-1936年投稿 3次，都被拒稿 Professor Arne Tiselius in his c

7、hromatography laboratory in the early 1950s. In some experiments he used quartz columns and UV-light to follow the migration of protein zones using a television monitor. Photo: Uppsala Bild / Upplandsmuseet.1.2. Enzyme Engineering1894 Japan amylase（first commercial enzyme ）1953 Grubhofer and Schleit

8、h immobilization of enzyme 1969 immobilized enzyme in industry to produce amino acid(Japan ) The system of enzyme and viable cell immobiliton was coupled amino acid, organic acid, ribonucleotide and antibioticsNovel biotechnologies were applied in enzyme engineering cell fusion and DNArecombination

9、used to improve the strain of enzyme1.3. Genetic Engineering 1974. US Boyer and Cohen recombinant DNA1976. Genentech first biotechnology company was established1977. Boyer hGH1977. W.Gilbert（1978年获诺贝尔化学奖） insulinProductOriginProducting organismhGHHumanEscherichia coliIGF-IHumanEscherichia coliIFN-2a

10、HumanEscherichia coliProtein GStreptococcusEscherichia coliInsulinHumanSaccharomyces cerevisiaeHepatitis B vaccineHepatitis virusSaccharomyces cerevisiaeChymosinCalfKluyveromyces lactisLipaseHumicola lanuginosaAspergillus oryzaetPaHumanAnimal cellsSuperoxide dismutaseHumanAnimal cellsSome recombinan

11、t products that became available by the introduction of the genetic engineering technique代谢工程策略碳水化合物原料丙酮丁醇C2酸C2醇C2CoAC3酮酸C2醛C2PC3酮酸PC3酸PC4CoAC3酮C4醇C6糖PC3醛PC6糖PC6糖P 利用系统生物学手段，发现了新的支路途径和调控位点酸PC3二醇C3羟酮PC4酸C5酮酸C4CoAC6酸 设计新的代谢工程策略C3烯酰CoAC3羟酸C3烯酸代谢工程策略碳水化合物原料C2酸C2醇C2CoAC3酮酸C2醛C2PC3酮酸PC3酸PC4CoAC3酮C4醇C6糖PC3醛PC6糖PC6糖P酸PC3二醇C3羟酮PC4酸C5酮酸C4CoAC6酸C3烯酰CoAC3羟酸C3烯酸丙烯酸实现代谢途径重构丙酮丁醇Penicillin production1.4. The Biotechnical Process Mutation random mutation rays （UV ） NTG Cell fusion protoplast fusion hybridoma technique monoclonal anitibody Genetic engineering Extremphilic organisms pH、tempera