英语语法入门笔记崔荣容

1、英语语法入门崔荣容第一讲 语序和五种基本句式He learns English every day.他每天学习英语。（中英语序不同）英语五种基本句式一、主+谓二、主+系 +表系动词：起到联系作用的动词，连接主语与表语。表语：描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态三、主+谓 +宾主语：动作发出者谓语：作出的动作宾语：动作的对象四、主+谓 +间宾+直宾间宾：通常是人直宾：通常是物五、主+谓 +宾 +宾补宾补：对宾语的补充说明一、主+谓The universe remains.宇宙长存中英文语序一致二、主+系 +表The food is delicious.这个食物很好吃中英文语序一致三、主+谓 +宾He

2、 took his bag and left.（ left 是第二个谓语）他拿着他的包离开了中英文语序一致四、主+谓 +间宾+直宾Her father bought her a dictionary. buy sb sth （双宾语）她爸爸给她买了一本词典（her与a dictionary,两个宾语,一个是人、一个是物）中英文语序一致五、主+谓 +宾 +宾补We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长（ him 与 our monitor ，都是指同一个人，our monitor 是对 him的补充说明）中英文语序一致Nothing is impossible to a wi

3、lling heart!有志者事竟成！第二讲 be 动词的形式和用法be 动词的形式：be、 am、 is、 are、 was、 were、 being 、 beenThe man is back.They are back.He was back.They were back.They have been back.Ill be back.上述“back”是副词，构成主系表结构。be 动词的用法：起到联系前后的作用（ 一般翻译为“是”，或无实意而不作翻译） ，多用于主系表结构。后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语作补足语成分。The man is a teacher.a teacher 是名词

4、Mary s new dresses are colorful. colorful 是形容词My mother was in the kitchen.in the kitchen 是地点副词。I am 20.数词也可做表语Its me.代词也可做表语be 动词的练习他们是老师They are teachers.他曾是一名老师He was a teacher before.他已经当了3 年的老师He has been a teacher for 3 years.第三讲 be 动词的否定/提问 /回答一、 be 动词的否定在 am、 is、 are、 was、 were 后面加 not缩略式 am

5、 not， isn t,aren t,wasn t,weren tThe man isn t back.I am not back.They aren t back.He wasn t back.They weren t back.二、使用be 动词提问和回答Is he a teacher？Yes,he is./No,he isn t.Are you a teacher?Yes,I am./No,I am not.Were they teachers?Yes,they were./No,they weren t.三、be 动词的练习：他是医生吗？Is he a doctor?不，他不是No,h

6、e isn t.他们昨天在教室吗？Were they in the classroom yesterday?Yes,they were./No,they werent.他们昨天不在教室They weren t in the classroom yesterday.第四讲 代词的主格和宾格主格代词：I he she it you we theyI am a teacher.He is a teacher.You are teachers.宾格代词：me him her it you us themHe likes me.We like her.I like them.练习我喜欢它like it.

7、2、他们认识他They know him.第五讲名词性/形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词：（后接名词）单数形式： my your his/her/its one s复数形式： our your theirThis is my book.We love our motherland.Those are your socks.名词性物主代词：单数形式： mine yours his/hers/its one s复数形式： ours yours theirsThe book is ours.The apple is hers.练习我的老师是中国人My teacher is Chinese.这个电脑是

8、他们的This computer is theirs.我们的书在书架上Our book is on the shelf.E宾格形容词性物 主代词名词性物 主代词反身代词Imemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursyourselfhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselfweusouroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvestheythemtheirtheirsthemselves第六讲反身代词单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数

9、 ourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法：(指某人自己，通常是主语的“自己”)Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃些鱼吧yourself 在动词help后作宾语。We enjoyed ourselves last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心ourselves 在动词enjoyed后作宾语。The thing itself is not important.这件事本身不重要反身代词itself 在名词The thing后作同位语，起到解释、 说明名词的作用。练习Take good care of (yourself

10、 ) 照顾好She gained control of (herself )控制住了第七讲实意动词的特征实意动词 come go read watch play fly1、He comes from Shenyang.实意动词comes作谓语，后接介词短语from Shenyang作宾语 动词come有一般现在时“单三”的变化2、She is reading story books.实意动词reading作谓语，后接动词story books 作宾语 动词read有现在进行时的变化3、They went to America yesterday.动词go有一般过去时“ went”的变化4、We

11、 have watched the game for three times.动词watch有现在完成时“ watched”的变化 现在完成时：动作已经发生或对现在造成影响5、My mother will fly back to China next month.一般将来时：will+动词原形总结：实意动词有时态与数量(三单)上的变化练习：1、他昨天来上海了He came to ShangHai yesterday.2、我们正在写作业We are writing homework.3、他们读这本书已经读3 遍了They have read this book three times.第八讲 实

12、意动词的否定/提问/回答（ 一般现在时与一般过去时）使用助动词进行否定在助动词do does did 后面加 notdo not/don tdoes not/doesn tdid not/didn t例句：1.I don t go to school by bus.2.She doesn t watch TV everyday.3.They didn t swim last night.使用助动词进行提问He often plays golf.Does he often play golf?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.They go to school by bus.

13、Do they go to school by bus?Yes they do./No,they don t.Sam had breakfast yesterday.Did Sam have breakfast yesterday?Yes,he did./No,he didn t.练习：他每天都学英语吗？Does he learn English everyday?是的，他每天都学英语Yes,he does.Tom昨天没吃早饭Tom didn t have breakfast yesterday.第九讲 使用疑问词进行提问和回答（1）（ 一般现在时与一般过去时）使用疑问词进行提问when,wh

14、ere,who,what,how时间、地点、人物、干什么、怎样例句He bought three books yesterday.23Who bought three books yesterday?对主语提问，原语序不变What did he buy yesterday?对宾语提问时，将助动词提前，弁还原动词。When did he buy three books?对状语提问时，将助动词提前，弁还原动词。They wanted to go to ShangHai by air.23Who wanted to go to ShangHai by air?Where did they want

15、to go by air?How did they want to go to ShangHai?第十讲使用疑问词进行提问和回答（2）使用疑问词进行提问how long, how far, how often, why多长时间，多远，多长时间一次，为什么1. They have been in China for three years.How long have they been in China?对时间状语提问t is about 4000 kilometers from Beijing to Xi an.How far is it from Beijing to Xi an?.They

16、 come to visit me once a week.How often do they come to visit me?. She came late, because she missed the bus.Why did she come late?练习：.他们学汉语多长时间了？How long have they learned Chinese?.你多长时间看一次电影？How often do you watch movies?.你的家离学校多远？How far is it from your house to your school?第十一讲名词代表事物的词，包括具体和抽象的事

17、物名词分两类：可数名词：是指数得过来的概念。如applepencilstudent可数名词有单数和复数之分apple-applespencil-pencilstomato-tomatoes不可数名词：无法计算的数量或抽象概念。如 (historylove 抽象)不可数名词无复数，只用单数表示salt-saltcoffee-coffee water-water可数名词变复数规则：一般末尾加后缀-s , friend-friends以szxchsh结尾的词，在该词末尾加后缀 -es ,bus-buses辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i,再加es, candy-candies ( 除 a e i

18、 o u以夕卜的字母为辅音字母)以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es.tomato-tomatoes, hippo-hippos 缩写(从非英语国家引进的词汇为外来词，如madam是从法国引进的外来词)可数名词前可加a(an)或量词，有复数变化以元音开头的名词前加 an,以辅音开头的名词前加 a,表示一个。applean appleapplesa box of apples 量词Tomatoa tomatotomatoesa bag of tomatoes 量词不可数名词前不可加a(an)，没有复数，但前面可以加量词。Coffeea cup of coffee练习：He boug

19、ht me (a box of chocolate )一盒巧克力(a bike)一辆自行车第十二讲代词：指示代词和不定代词指示代词(特指)：标识人或事物的代词，用来代替前面已提到 的名词。常用的：thisthesethatthoseThis is his book.Those apples were his.不定代词(泛指)：指代不确定的人或事物。常用的：onethe othersomeanysomethingnothing例：No one knows where he is.没人知道他在哪儿Someof the boys want to go to Shanghai,but the othe

20、rs want to go to Xi an.一些男孩想去上海，其他人想去西安Each of the students has got a book. 每个学生者B有一本书。 练习1. (These) teachers are from China. 这些教师都是中国来的。2.I know(nothing )about this person. 我对这个人一无所知3.I have (something)to tell you.我有事要告诉你第十三讲形容词1、形容词通常形容人或事物的状态、性质、大小等，通常用在名词前，be动词后beautiful-beautiful girl The girl

21、is beautiful.2、The+形容词二复数名词(表示一类)，作主语时，后面的动词 使用复数的相应格式。old-the old老的一老年人(一类人、复数名词)young-the young年轻的一年轻人(一类人、复数名词)The 01d need more care than the young.The old是复数名词,后面的动词need不能用三单的格式。3、练习：(1) She is a ( good )student.她是一个好学生。(2)This bike is ( expensive )这辆自行车很机(3) ( The rich ) sometimes complain the

22、ir empty life.富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活第十四讲副词1、副词可以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及其他结构。一般表程度。He runs fast.She is very beautiful. very修饰形容词 beautifulThey work very hard.副词的位置(1)根据情况，放在助动词之后，实意动词之前或之后(2)形容词之前，其它副词之前或之后(3)多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后He speaks very fast.fast 在实意动词 speak之后，在其它副词 very之后。They have already left.already在助动词hav

23、e后They have already been repaired.already在第一个助动词 have后2、常用的频度副词(alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever )的位置通常放在实意动词前面，be动词后面，助动词和实意动词之间。They always come early.Sam often writes homework at 7:00.练习：1、Please write the word( slowly)( 慢慢地)2、They (sometimes)come here.( 有时)3、The tree is ( very )tall.(非常)第十五讲不定量表

24、达法(1)不确定数量的表达法，用不确定的数量词来限定名词Some any most every allsome,any都表示“一些”，后面接可数名词复数、不可数名词单数。some主要用于肯定句，希望得到肯定回答时，也 可用在疑问句中。any主要用在否定和疑问句中。I d been expecting some letters the whole morning,but there weren t any for me.most作形容词时表示“大部分的”，后面接复数名词Most people here are from China.every表示“每一个、所有，后面接单数名词。Every one

25、 likes the film.all表示“所有”，后面接可数名词复数、不可数名词单数。All the cars are parked in the parking lot.All the coffee is served on time.练习：Some boys went camping yesterday.（ 一些）All the children like to play football.（所有的）Most teachers want to work here.（大多数）第十六讲不定量表达法（2）both表示“两者都”，可作形容词、代词和副词，either是“两者之一”，neither

26、是“两者都不”。Both his eyes were severely burned.There are trees on either side of the street.Neither answer is correct.many修饰可数名词，表示“许多”；much修饰不可数名词， 表示“许多” 。a lot of（lots of） 、plenty of 均可修饰可 数与不可数名词。many books much watera lot of/lots of books/water练习：Both the hands are washed.（两个者B）Xiaowang drank much

27、（a 10t of ）coffee last night.（彳艮多）第十七讲不定量表达法（3）.a few,为肯定含义“几个” ；few,为否定含义“没几个”， 以上两个词均和可数名词复数连用。A few books are put into the box.Few books are put onto the box.27little为肯定含义“一点儿” ，little为否定含义“没多点”，以上两个词均可和不可数名词连用。There is a little water in the bottle.There is little water in the bottle.none和no one的

28、意思相同，主要作代词，翻译为“一个也 不，一点也不”，用法稍有区别。none可以接of短语，动词可用单数也可用复数。no one不能接of短语，动词只能用单数。No one knows the answer.None of us have（has）arrived.练习：A few books are put into the box.（几本）There is a little water in the bottle.（一点儿）None of us have（has） arrived.（ 没有一个） 第十八讲There/Here be 句型1.There/Here+be ,根据上下文，有多种翻译

29、方法，可以翻译成 “有”、“是工be动词根据后面的名词有单复数变化。There is a book on the bookshelf.There are some books on the bookshelf.Here is the bus stop.这儿是Here are your books.这儿是Your books are如 Here are your books 的正常语序为here ,主语是Your books, are是be动词，here就表语，所以,There/Here+be为倒装句，实质为主系表结构。 练习：There is a lot of water in the bot

30、tle.（有）Here is your car.（ 这是）There are many students in the room.（ 有）第十九讲一般现在时和现在进行时.一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或动作。主语是单数第三人称，动词有单三的变化，主语是非第三人 称单数时，动词为原形。They often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:00.一般现在时，动词的单三变化：在动词尾直接加-s ,如：play plays以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es ,如:guess 一 guesses(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i,再加

31、-es ,如：Study studies一般现在时否定和疑问句用do、does帮助构成He doesnt like the car.Does he like the car?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.They dont like the car.Do they like the car?Yes,they do./No,they dont.2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。句中通常有now等时间副词呼应，基本构成形式为be+doing。They are watching TV.He is watching TV.I am watching TV.动词现在分词的

32、变化规则：(1) 一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing ,如work-working(2)动词以不发音的-e结尾，要去e加ing ,如take-taking重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing , 如:cut-cutting以-ie结尾的动词，变 y再加-ing ,如:lie-lying现在进行时变否定句和疑问句时，将be动词否定或提前。(1) They arent watching TV.Are they watching TV?(2)He isnt watching TV.Is he watching TV?(3)Am_I watching TV?Yes,you are./No,y

33、ou arent.练习：He works (work) very late every day.Do you study English yourself? Yes, I do.They are playing (play)soccer now.第二十讲 一般过去时和过去进行时一般过去时表示 过去某个时间里 发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的行为。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他，一般动词在动词后面加 ed,还有一些不规则动词有不规则变化。Play played come-cameHe worked very hard last night.They came here by car.动词

34、一般过去时变化规则：一般在动词后加-ed。如：play played在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-do如：like -liked在以“辅音字母+v”结尾的动词后，改y为i,再加-ed。如：supply supplied在以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -ed。如：plan - planned2.过去进行时表示在过去 某一时刻 或某一段时间 正在进行或发生的动作。其形式为 was/were+doingThey were waiting for you.He was talking with his friends just now.练习：They we

35、nt (go)swimming yesterday.Sam was watching (watch)TV at 7:00 last night.第二十一讲将来时一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一 段时间内经常发生的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow(明天)next week(下周)in the future ( 将来).“助动词will或shall+动词原形”，表示将要发生的事情。They will go to Shanghai by ship tomorrow.We shall leave for Shanghai next month.离开去上海

36、“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“ 打算、就 要”。They are going to play football this afternoon.She is going to learn French next year.“be doing ”表示位置转移的动词。如： go,come,leave,start,arrive,可用现在进行时表示将来时 。They are leaving for Japan.离开去日本(2)She is arriving tomorrow.练习：They are coming (come

37、)here soon.Sam is going to learn (learn)Chinese next month. will learn 也可以Peter and Mike will finish(finish) the job tomorrow moring.第二十二讲完成时.现在完成时(have+p.p.),动作过去发生，已经完成，对现在造成影响或后果，动作可能还会持续，可使用的时间 状语为：already(已经)和yet (还)。11) They have already arrived in Shanghai.She has played soccer for 3 hours.Sh

38、e hasn t finished the homework yet.2.过去完成时(had+p.p.),表示句中的动词发生在过去之前， 即过去的过去，已经完成，对过去造成了一定的影响或后 果。They had arrived in Shanghai.She had played soccer for 3 hours.She hadn t finished the work yet.练习：He has stopped (stop)the car outside.She hasn t been (not be)to Sichuan yet.Have they planned (plan) to

39、stay here?第二十三讲动词的用法.动词根据功能分为四类：实意动词(Notional Verb ):有实际意义的动词系动词(Link Verb ):起联系作用的动词助动词(Auxiliary Verb ):帮助构成句子成分的动词情态动词(Model Verb)：有情态含义的动词，后接实意动词 原形。(1)动词有数量和时态 的变化，时态通常有三大时态：现在、 过去和将来时。(2)根据动作进行的状态可分为：一般时、进行时和完成时(3)使用动词时通常将(1)和(2)结合，如：一般现在时、 一般过去时、一般将来时；现在进行时、过去进行时；现在完成 时、过去完成时He goes to school

40、 every day.He went to hospital last night.动词形态变化总结：动词原形单三现在分词过去式过去分词playplaysplayingplayedplayedhavehashaving hadhadgogoesgoingwentgone第二十四讲 情态动词(1) can/could/may/mightcan/could :“能怎样”，表示“现在/过去”的能力，可用 be able to 代替；“可能怎样”，表示客观可能性(can的 可能性大)；“可以怎样”，通常用“can/could I ”表示请求和允许的语气，could更委婉。能可能来可以留下吗?He ca

41、n/could/is able to swim.He can/could come tomorrow.Can/could I stay here?Can he sing an English song?may的可能性大)；通常用Yes,he can./No,he can t.may/might :表示可能性(“may/might I ”表示请求、允许的语气， might更委婉。 口语中常用的回答：（1）May I smoke here?Yes, please.No, you can t/mustn t.（禁止、不准）（2）He may/might come here by bus.（3）May

42、/might I join you?Yes, please./No, you can t./No, you mustn t.对may/might I 开头的提问，肯定回答时，通常用“ Yes, please. 。否定回答时，通常用“can t（不能），慎用禁止性的“mustn t（不准）:一般不用 may not （可能不）表猜测， 语气很弱”。3.练习：She could speak French before, but now she can t.Might/May/Could/Can （按语气程度排序）I come in?Yes, please.第二十五讲 情态动词（2） must/ha

43、ve to/should/ought tomust/have to必须怎样”，表示必须、必要（must主观多一些、have to客观多一些，表“不得不”） have to有时态和数量的变化，而 must无此变化。Must和have to二者的否定意义不大相同。如：You mustn t go.你不准去。You don t have to go.你不必去。You needn t go.你不必去。You must get up early.主观必须 It s going to rain, I have to go home now.不得不对must和have to 提问的否定回答，须用“ need

44、n t和 don t have to ”，表示 “不必”：Must I come here early tomorrow?No, you needn t./No,you don t have to.Should/ought to :“应该怎样”，表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是 ought to ; should强调主观看法，而 ought to 强 调客观要求。在疑问句中，通常用 should代替ought to.You should/ought to do the job right now.Should they stay here now?练习：1.I must （必须） go and

45、 see mymother in hospital tomorrow.2.You should（应该）work harder than that.第二十六讲 情态动词（3） need1. need： “需要”a.作情态动词He need come here early.He needn t come here early.Need he come here early?Yes, he need./No, he needn t.b.作实义动词，有第三人称单数和时态的变化，可用作不定式 need to do sth 。He needs to come here early.He doesn t n

46、eed to come here early.Does he need to come here early?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.练习：1、You needn t/don t need to do it again.你不需要重复做了He needn t/doesn t need to worry about it.这件事他无需担心Does he need to do homework first?他需要先做作业吗？第二十七讲 情态动词（4） had better/would rather. had better 表示“最好做某事”，had虽然是过去式，但 不表

47、征过去，better后接动词原形。He had better eat more.You d better finish it right now. would rather表示“宁愿、宁可、最好、还是为好”语感比“ had better ”要轻。You would rather deal with it now.处理.否定形式分别为：had better not+动词原形would rather not+ 动词原形He had better not eat more.You would rather not deal with it now.练习：You had batter stay her

48、e.你最好待在这儿I would rather not say it.我还是不说的好第二十八讲 情态动词（5） used to +v/would +vused to ,would表示过去习惯性动作，可译为“过去常常”used to 可指过去的状态或情况，would指过去反复发生的动作。The novel used to be popular.这小说过去很流行。would表示过去反复发生的动作。如果某一动作无反复性，就不能用 would ,只能用used to.He would practice English every week.I used to live in Beijing.used

49、to 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态现在已经 结束，would则表示有可能再发生。People used to believe that the earth was flat.平的He would go to the park as soon as he was free.练习：The windows used to be open.过去一直开着They would gather together every week.聚在一起Sam used to play golf, but he doesn t now.第二十九讲 情态动词（6）否定和疑问.情态动词的否定：情态动词 + not+v原

50、形He can t sing an English song.He may not know her. 可能不He mustn t go there. 不准He doesn t have to go there.使用情态动词进行提问：情态动词+主语+v原形Can he sing an English song?Yes,he can./No,he can t.Must he go there?Yes,he must./ No,he needn t.（不必）Does he have to go there?Yes,he does./No,he doesn t.May I smoke here?Ye

51、s, please.No, you can t （不能）/mustn t.（不准） 练习：May I stay here? Yes,please.Must she go back now? No,she needn t.Does he have to get up at 9:00? Yes,he does.第三十讲情态动词（7）情态动词+have+p.p. （+现在完成时）.“情态动词+have+p.p. ：表达过去的事实；或推测的含 义，表“可能已经”。（但助动词should例外）He may/might have arrived.他可能已经至U了（可能性最小）He can/could ha

52、ve arrived.他可能已经到了（可能性小）He must have arrived.他准是已经到了（可能性大）可能性大小排序：must、can、could、may might“should+have+p.p. ” 本应该“needn t+have+p.p. ” 本不需要He should have arrived.他本应该到了（但没到）They should have finished the work.他本应该已经完 成工作（但没完成）You needn t have done so.你本不需要那么做must + have+p.p. 准是已经Can t +have+p.p. 不可能已经

53、He must have arrived.他准是已经到 了。He can t have arrived.他不可能已经到了。练习：He can/could/may/might（可能） have arrived.He must （准是） have arrived.You needn t （本不需要） have done so.They should（本应该）have finished the work.He can t （不可能） have arrived.第三十一讲被动语态(1)被动态的构成和含义.如果主语是动作的承受者，则用动词的被动语态作谓语。.被动语态的构成：be+过去分词(p.p. )

54、- by sb.他被妈妈带到了美国。He is taken to America by his mother.被动语态有各种时态：The information is needed by us.一般时 be doneThe book was being read by him.进行时 be being doneThe computer has been used by her. 完成时 have/has/had been doneThe room will be cleaned.将来时 will be doneThe computer could have been used by them.

55、可能已经被用了情态动词+完成时情态动词+ have/has been done练习：(一个空一个时态)The information is needed.(need)The book was read.(read)The door has been opened.(open)The book was being read.(read)The computer had been used.(use)The computer could have been used.(use)The room will be cleaned.(clean)第三十二讲被动语态(2)被动态和情态动词结合.被动语态也可

56、以和情态动词结合： 情态动词+be done 应该被、必须被等can/could +be done may/might +be done must/have to +be done should/ought to +be done had better/would rather +be done used to/would +be doneneed doing 需要被need to be done 需要被.和情态动词结合的形式：The food could be taken away.食 品可以被带走The food might be taken away. 食品可能被带走The food m

57、ust be taken away.食品必须被带走The food should be taken away. 食品应该被带走The food needs taking away.食品需要被带走The food had better be taken away. 食品最好被带走 Books used to be returned in two days.书过去常常在2天之内被归还。练习：The room may/might/can/could（可能）be cleaned.The door must（必须）be locked.The house should（应该）be furnished.Th

58、e tree had better （最好） be watered now.第三十三讲被动语态（3） （by+行为者）可省略动作的行为者不明或不重要，或上下文中提到了行为者时，“by sb ”可以省略。The information is needed.The books is being read.The door was opened.练习：The door is opened.（open）被打开了The book is being read.（read） 正读着The computer has been used.（use） 已经被用 了The pencil had been sharp

59、ened.（sharpen）已经被肖U尖了第三十四讲被动语态（4）被动语态疑问句.被动语态的一般疑问句：助动词+主语+ （其他助动词）+过去分词Is the information needed by him?Yes,it is./No,it isnt.Has the computer been used by her?Yes,it has./No,it hasnt.Will the room be cleaned?Yes,it will./No,it wont.被动语态的特殊疑问句：疑问词+助动词+主语+ （其他助动词）+过去分词The information is needed by th

60、em.What is needed by them?The girl is taken to Shanghai.Where is the girl taken?The book has been read three times.How many times has the book been read?练习：.Is the book being read（read） by her?她正在读那本书吗？.Has the computer been used（use） by them?他们用过那台电脑吗？.How often is the English class taken （take） ?英