Livestock-Production-Sheep-and-Goat-Production-Final

1、Livestock ProductionCattle ranching and farmingDairy farmingHog and pig farmingSheep and goat farmingPoultry and egg productionAnimal aquacultureSheep and Goat ProductionBreedsProduction systemsManagement practicesBreeding sheep and goatsWool DiseasesImportance of sheep and goat production Sheep Bre

2、eds (wool)MerinoMost dominant breed in the industry worldwideVery fine fleecesHardy, long-lived sheepTypically smaller and slower-growingRambouilletLarger and faster growing than MerinoDominant range ewe in Western U.S. and TXDeveloped by King Louis XVISheep Breeds (crossbred wool breed)ColumbiaCros

3、s breed between Lincoln rams and Rambouillet ramsLargest of crossbred breedsCoarser wool than RambouilletsSheep Breeds (meat breeds)HampshireSired for rapid growth and muscularityOne of the most popular sire breeds in commercial sheep productionSouthdownOne of the oldest sheep breedsProduce meaty, l

4、ightweight carcassesLow maintenance breedSheep Breeds (meat breeds)SuffolkVery old breed used as a sire breed in commercial productionRapid growthProduce lean, muscular carcassesGoat Breeds Goats can be bred for:WoolMeatMilkGoat BreedsAngoraProduces mohair (worlds finest and most valuable hair)Shear

5、ed twice a yearProduced by kid goats (hair gets coarser as they age)Managed primarily under range conditionsGoat BreedsBoerHardy, fast growing goat produced for meatGood spring of rib, body length, and muscle toneGoat BreedsSpanish Goatspanish goat is used interchangeably with meat goatMixed breed o

6、riginMostly kept for meat productionHigh variability in appearanceGoat BreedsNubianMost popular breed of registered dairy goat in the U.S.High butterfat, but does not produce as much milk as some other breedsSometimes referred to as the “Jersey of milk goats”Sheep Production SystemsIntensive Managem

7、ent SystemsFarm flock operationsLamb feedlot Extensive Management SystemsSouthwestern range operationsNorthwestern range operationsFarm-flock OperationsCommon in the MidwestSmaller in size part of a diversified farming operationPrimarily concerned with lamb productionMaternal lines for prolific and

8、heavy milking are mated to sire lines for fast growing and muscular carcasses to maximize pounds of high quality market lambsLamb FeedlotIntensively managed system where lambs are concentrated in a small area and fed diets that vary from 30-90% concentrate (either corn or milo)All of the feed is har

9、vested then brought directly to the lambColorado is the leading lamb stateSouthwestern Range OperationsUsually use fine-wool type ewesSheep are adaptable to the environmental conditionsProduce high quality fine-wool fleeces and fast growing lambsMajor impact factors: RainfallPredatorsPrices for lamb

10、s and woolNorthwestern Range OperationsGreater abundance of feed than the SouthwestLarger, coarser-fleeced ewes usedFlocks produce a greater number of lambs per eweOften graze federal lands managed by the Forest Service and Bureau of Land ManagementGoat Production SystemsHair ProductionAngora (mohai

11、r) CashmereMeat ProductionNo grading system for meat goats, so there is great inconsistency in productDairy Goat ProductionVery intensively managed system that mimics the dairy cattle industryHair ProductionMeat ProductionDairy Goat ProductionCommon Management PracticesRange vs. Shed Lambing/Kidding

12、Docking & CastrationCrutching/FacingDrenching/SprayingPredator controlHerdingRange vs. Shed Lambing/KiddingRangeEwes and nannies generally lamb/kid easily on the range without assistanceGenetics and nutrition are priorities to make sure problems with dystocia are minimizedShedEwes and lambs/kids are

13、 brought into a barn and put in jugs until they are properly bondedMore labor and expenses in facilities are requiredAllows for closer monitoring for health problemsDocking and CastrationDocking and castration are best performed at the same time around 2-4 weeks of ageProcedures are less stressful e

14、arly in lifeMethods for each procedure:DockingKnifeElastratorEmasculatorElectric dockerCastrationKnifeElastratorBurdizzoAll-in-one castratorDocking and CastrationCrutching and FacingCrutching is shearing of wool from the reproductive area and mammary system of ewes before parturitionKeeps area free

15、of dirt and fecal matterFacing is shearing of the wool from the facial areaPrevents obstruction of visionDrenching and SprayingDrenching and spraying are for the removal of internal and external parasitesPredator ControlSheep and goats have many predatorsMountain lionsWolvesPutting different animals

16、 in the same paddocks or pens can help protect the sheep or goat herdGreat PyreneesDonkeysLlamasHerdingWorking dogsBorder colliesAustralian shepherdsHow do you age sheep and goats?Use their teeth!All lambs teeth are small (baby teeth)Yearlings have two large incisors2 year olds have two sets of larg

17、e incisors3 year olds have three sets of large incisors4 year olds have a full mouth of large teethBreeding Sheep Characteristics that are bred:Skeletal correctnessFrameWide chest and ribcageMuscularityFleece (density, fineness, uniformity of grade)Fleece crimp examplesLamb Body Characteristic Areas

18、Wool ProductionShearing done in the spring and takes 2-3 minutes Grading sorting wool according to fineness and lengthPackaging each bale contains 500 lbsStorage bales are sampled and processed to determine wool yeildMarketing Manufacturing sorted and cleaned before being processed into yarnWool Eva

19、luationWools are classified based on three main factors:YieldGradeStaple lengthOther factors can also include:UniformityColorDiseasesDiseaseCauseSymptomsTreatmentPreventionEnterotoxemiaClostridium perfringens (bacteria)Tumors, convulsions, diarrhea, deathPenicillin, fluids, vitamins, cortisoneVaccin

20、ating ewes before lambingSoremouthVirus (transmittable to humans)Scabs around mouth, nostrils, eyes VaccinesTetanusClostridium tetani (bacteria)Stiffness in joints, lockjawVaccinating ewes before lambingCaseous LymphadenitisBacteriaInternal/external abscesses that contain greenish pus, weight loss, poor milk productionIsolate infected animals, shear infected animals lastToxoid vaccineCoccidiosisSlow growth, morbidity, death in someAlleviate stress at weaning/haulingInternal P