医学微生物学英文版教学课件：绪论

1、Medical Microbiology Chapter 1 Introduction Micro-organism -are generally regarded as living forms that are microscopic in size and simple, usually unicellular in structure 光学显微镜电子显微镜Classification 1) Non-cellular type 2) Prokaryotic type 3) Eukaryotic type 1) Non-cellular type (acellular) no cellul

2、ar structure parasite in living cell only contain DNA/RNA, protein virus, prion核酸蛋白质 2) Prokaryotic type cell wall , cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleoid Bacterium (细菌) Chlamydia (衣原体) Mycoplasma (支原体) Rickettsia (立克次体) Spirochete (螺旋体) Actinomycete (放线菌) Bacterium SpirochetesActinomycetesChlamydia

3、RickettsiaEukaryotic type cell wall, cell membrane, nuclear FungiFungus FungusDistribution of Microbes 1 . In environments. 2 . In human organisms Normal flora Conditioned pathogen Pathogenic microorganism Microbiology1.research objective-pathogenic M. 1) biological properties 2) pathogenesis and im

4、mune response 3) diagnosis and protection 2. History Leeuwenhock: invent Microscope in 1676 . Pasteur : pasteurization , Vaccine Koch : solid medium purify Pathogenic microbe criterion Ivanovsky: virus Jenner : swinepox vaccine Fleming，Florey: PenicellinLeeuwenhock(1632-1723) Louis Pasteur(1822-1895

5、) Proof that microbes are reproduced from parent organisms, and do not result from spontaneous generation. From basic work begun in these laboratories came proof of the germ theory of disease, which transformed medical practice; vaccines for virulent diseases, including anthrax and rabies; solution

6、of many industrial biochemical problems; and founding of the famed Pasteur Institute Robert Koch Germany 1843-1910 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905特殊的病原菌应在同一种疾病中查见，在健康人中不存在；该特殊病原菌能被分离培养得纯种；该纯培养物接种至易感动物，能产生同样病症；自人工感染的实验动物体内能重新分离得该病原菌纯培养。BeijerinckIvanovski Jenner inoculating his 18 mont

7、hs oldson with swinepox. His son will die of TB when he is 20. Jenner inoculating his 18 months oldson with swinepox. His son will die of TB when he is 20. Jenner inoculating his 18 months oldson with swinepox. His son will die of TB when he is 20. Getting the jab. Jenner inoculates an 8 year old bo

8、y named James Phipps with cowpox. The boy will die of TB at 21.Alexander Fleming Howard Florey 3. Modern Microbiology 1) Most bacteria were controlled by antibiotics. 2) Drug-resistant strain 3) Normal floraopportunistic pathogens Hospital acquired infections. 4) New pathogen: Hpchronic gastritis. H

9、IV-AIDS Coronavirus-SARS 5) Viral research made progress. 6) New diagnostic techniques . 7) New type vaccine . 8)Microbial genomic program, MGP . 9) Proteomics (protein+genome)1954年1966年1969年1975年1976年1976年1997年1989年2005年，两澳大利亚医生马歇尔和沃伦因23年前发现导致胃炎和胃溃疡的幽门螺杆菌登上荣誉高峰。 2008 ，德国科学家楚尔郝森和两位法国科学家巴雷-西诺希和路克-蒙塔尼

10、埃。德国科学家因发现人乳头淋瘤病毒引发子宫颈癌获此殊荣，两名法国科学家因发现人类免疫缺陷病毒获此殊荣。 我国著名的微生物学家黄帧祥（1910-1987），中国科学院院士，病毒学家。在世界上首创病毒体外培养新技术。黄帧祥早在1943年就利用鸡胚组织块在试管内进行病毒传代、定量滴定及中和试验，为现代病毒学奠定了基础。汤飞凡（18971958） 微生物学家，中国科学院学部委员，两院院士。1955年成功分离出砂眼病毒，世界医学界称之为“汤氏病毒”。黄翠芬 中国工程院院士，微生物、免疫及遗传工程专家；山医微生物教研室创始人。 1950年回国后，黄翠芬与丈夫周廷冲一同来到山东医学院。那年，黄翠芬还不满30岁，医学院把筹建微生物实验室的任务交给她。在以后的3年里，她将心血全部用在了实验室的建设上。 洪涛中国工程院院士，病毒学家。1955年山东医学院医学本科毕业。 山医