必修四unit3grammarving做宾补、定语和表语.课件

1、GrammarUnit3 v-ing做宾补、表语和定语非谓语（v-ing）1. 做主语2. 做宾语Review动词-ing做主语和宾语动名词做主语1动词-ing形式作主语的句型位于句首it作形式主语，而将其v-ing移后2 there be 句式中的v-ing形式3 v-ing形式和to do 不定式作主语的区别作主语时通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首；另一种是it 作形式主语，而将v.-ing 移至后面。 1）一种是位于句首（注意：单个的v.-ing 形式作主语，句子谓语动词用单数）e.g. saying is one thing, and doing is another.说是一回事，做是另

2、外一回事。大声朗读在学习英语时非常重要。Reading aloud is very important in learning english.2) it 作形式主语，而将v.-ing 移至后面e.g. it is no good waiting here.在这里等待毫无用处。做这种事情是浪费时间。Its waste of time doing such a thing.抄答案是没有用的。Its no use copying answer.常用的句型总结It is/was a waste of time/ no use/no good/hardly worth /worth/worthwhil

3、e doing.做 是口诀：浪费时间没好处也没用处，值得还是不值得只有v.-ing决定。“There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作主语，表示“没法做某事”。如：There was no telling when this might happen again. 没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。无可否认，她是一个好女孩。There is no denying that she is a good girl.3 v-ing形式和to do 不定式作主语的区别v-ing形式和to do

4、不定式都可以做主语，v.-ing 形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次行为强调泛指，动词不定式作主语表示具体的动作或一次性的动作强调特指。e.g. playing fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指）Smoking is harmful to our health.吸烟有害健康。(泛指)To play with fire will be dangerous.玩火会带来危险。（指具体的某个动作）二 动词-ing形式作宾语作动词(短语)的宾语某些动词后跟动词-ing或to do 不定式作宾语，意义不同介词in 后跟动词-ing，而in常常被省略的句型某些动词后跟动词-ing作宾语，其

5、主动形式表示被动意义的情况 动词-ing形式的否定形式动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing做动词的宾语Would you mind opening the door？你介意打开门吗?那个男孩承认自己粗心。The boy admitted being careless.他逃脱了惩罚。He escaped punishing.常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon admit, delay /

6、put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep /keep on, practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate cant help, mind, allow/ permit, escape forbid, risk, imagine 2. 有些短语如cant help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, k

7、eep on, insist on, be good at, give up等后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：I have been used to living here. Im fond of collecting stamps and coins. 3. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。 go on doin

8、g 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下来（别的事）开始 做某事try doing 试着做某事try to do 努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事【考例】 Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985） A. study B

9、. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析：stop studying意为“停止学习”。 Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday？（1999上海高考题） A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析: remember telling me意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。 4.介词in 常可省略have trouble /difficulty/a problem/ a

10、hard time (in) doing做.有困难/麻烦spend time/ money (in) doing 花时间/金钱做be busy (in) doing忙于做We are busy (in) preparing for the examination.我们正忙于为考试做准备。你读这篇文章有困难吗？Do you have any difficulty (in) reading this article.5. need, require, want ,worth作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。Her shoes wan

11、ts mending/to be mended. 她的鞋该修理了。 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。地板需要冲洗。The floor requires washing.我已经写完这本书了。I have finished writing this book. 6. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如：Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming home in time made her parents wor

12、ried.非谓语（v-ing）1. 做宾补2. 做表语3. 做定语v.-ing 形式宾语补足语1.表示感觉和心里状态的动词（短语）2.使役动词set, keep, have等hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式区别三、-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，与宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 When we returned to the school, we found

13、a stranger_ . standing at the gate2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：We saw a light burning in the window. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示使役意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I w

14、ont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。 那老板让工人整夜地工作。The boss kept the workers _. 别让让他在外边雨中等待。Dont leave him _.working all nightwaiting outside in the rain3. see, hear, feel, wa

15、tch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别.1. We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher _ (make) the experiment.2. We sat an hour and watched the teacher _ (make) the experiment. V-ingto do强调动作正在进行强调动作从开始到结束的全过程makingmake We heard the door slam. We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)(一次动作) 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，to do

16、表示一次动作， 而v-ing形式则表示反复动作。如：四、-ing形式作表语（ -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后）1.动名词作表语用来泛指某种动作或状态，（表语和主语可以互换）2.现在分词作表语表示主语的特征或性质，（表语和主语不可以换）意思是“令人的”-ing形式作表语如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。1.用来泛指习惯性动作或状态，这时的v.-ing 是动名词（表语和主语可以互换）The situation is encouraging.形势令人鼓舞。

17、那消息令人震惊。The news is shocking.2.说明主语的特征或性质，这时v.-ing是现在分词。它与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，意思是“令人的”常见的现在分词还有：amusing，charming，disappointing，exciting，interesting，surprising，astonishing等。五、-ing形式作定语1.表示名词的作用，功能或用途。作“供用”讲可转换成for+v.ing2. 说明名词的动作、状态或性质。这时的v.-ing是现在分词V.-ing形式作定语1. 动词的-ing作定语，表示名词的作用，功能或用途。作“供用”讲可转换成for+v.ing

18、常常放于被修饰的名词前如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台2. 说明名词的动作、状态或性质。这时的v.-ing是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。a sleeping boy=a boy who is sle

19、eping一个正在睡觉的男孩一匹正在饮水的马 a drinking horse=a horse is drinking一个感动的故事a moving story= a story which moves people3.现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。常可转换成定语从句。They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who

20、 is standing there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。V-ing/ V-ed/ to do作定语的区别V-ingV-ed to do表主动，正在进行（现在分词）表修饰词的用途（动名词）表被动，完成表将来The bridge _(build) last month is very beautiful.The bridge _(build) now is the longest one in our city.The bridge _(build) next year is designed by a famous architect.builtb

21、eing builtto be built 从时态上看: V-ing 表示正在进行的动作, V-ed 表示已经完成的动作， to do 表示将来的动作。Do some exercises Please read the sentences carefully, trying to pick out the errors and then correct them. 1. I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week. visiting 2. Many people still enjo

22、y seeing Charlie Chaplins silent films. 3. That cartoon picture shows Charlie Chaplin watch himself watching in a movie. 4. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter. watchingburst 5. We are all fond of Charlies early films, which we think are more interested. 6. I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day. 7. I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight. interestingseeingseeing 8. Charlies job was entertain people, wasnt he? entertaining从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the poc