高考书面表达

1、高考书面表达教学 提 纲一、高考书面表达中的典型错误及应对策略二、我校高三书面表达教学的做法 （一） 基 础 写 作 训练 1. 熟悉句型 连词成句 2.句子间、段落间的衔接、过渡的写作与训练 3.简单句的转换训练 4.高级词汇和较复杂结构的写作与训练 （二）专题 写 作 训练 （三）书面表达评价模式 高考书面表达针对训练.用更贴切的词或短语分别来代替画线部分的词或短语1The boy realized the danger and began to run away.答案：was aware of2. I dont know how to enlarge my vocabulary.答案：h

2、ave no idea较好表达 ： Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player in the world. The big man from China is 2.26m _. As a superstar, he also _ great skill and speed. In the Houston Rockets he acted _ a center and _no effort in each game so as to live his dream. Not only Chinese _ foreigners like Yao Ming ver

3、y much. 答案：as; tall; has; as; spared; but (also) （三）简单句的转换训练 1. 掌握简单句转换的三种方法： 转换句子结构 转换句型 转换词语 2. 针对训练2. 转换句型 写作中常用于转换的三个重点句型： there be句型there be句型也是简单句中的一种常用句型。有时there be还能够换用there seems/seemed to be，there happened to be，there may/might be，there must be，there cant be，there ought to/should be等。Eg. T

4、here happened to be a lot of people on the playground.较好表达 ： Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player in the world. The big man from China is 2.26m _. As a superstar, he also _ great skill and speed. In the Houston Rockets he acted _ a center and _no effort in each game so as to live his dream. Not

5、only Chinese _ foreigners like Yao Ming very much. 答案：as; tall; has; as; spared; but (also)拆分修改：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually because it has allowed us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent ability. Whats more, we really feel much happier than

6、 ever before. （一个主从复合句、一个简单句，连接词使句子流畅连贯） 弃旧取新写作中要恰当得体地使用高中学过的、较长的词汇。We all have the same chance.We all possess the same chance (opportunity)We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend.We have endless homework to do at the weekend.（二）句子间、段落间的衔接、过渡的写作与训练 1. 写法指导 2. 针对训练1. 写法指导连接(过渡)性词语归纳：如，表示起始关系的过

7、渡性词语：first of all, above all, according to, 2. 针对训练在下面空格中填入准确的连接词，使句子的衔接更加紧密。 1English is a useful language. _， it is an official language in the UN. _，it is widely used in business, science and technology.答案：For one thing; For another (thing)答案：On one side of the road there is a new multimedia buil

8、ding. On the other side, where the playground used to be, now stands another new building our library, in which you can find all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. A new playground is now in the front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. 书 面 表 达 评 价 强 化

9、 表 班级_ 姓名_ 组_ 互评者姓名_ Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework 一、高考书面表达中的 典型错误及应对策略高考书面表达中的典型错误 （一）审题、构思上的错误 （二）词法上的错误 （三）句法结构上的错误 （四）“高级表达”误区现象 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the work

10、book and finish the questions.Homework（一）审题、构思上的错误 1.审题草率，偏离主题，缺漏要点或无限发挥。对策：制定合理的答题方案，完成书表要安排充足的时间，一般20-25分钟。下笔前，认真审题，弄清文章的主题、体裁、时态等，归纳出内容要点，列出提纲，打草稿，用8-10句英语句子表达出来，切勿匆匆下笔。另外，注意根据需要适当发挥，一般一至两句，不可无限发挥而影响了重要内容的表达。比如今年的高考英语作文答案，有两处根据提示实行了适当发挥：1.给出了接机原因：since this is his first visit to the U.S. 2. 描述了叔叔

11、所穿衣服的颜色：And he will be in a blue jacket.2. 思路混乱，从头至尾只有一段，或随意过多地分段，发表观点类的作文中常犯自相矛盾的错误。如“以高中生对文、理科的选择为话题，用英语介绍一下你所做的选择，并说明理由”，有的考生第一段就亮明了观点“选择理科”“I decided to choose science as my main subject. The reasons are as follows. ”接下来，便说明了选理科的理由，但在文章快要结束时却写道“But my physics is weak. Whats more, I like history

12、very much, so I decided on arts as my main subject of study.” 这样前后自相矛盾，不知道考生的选择到底是什么。高考书面表达对策：考生可根据事件发生的先后顺序以及事物之间的内在联系，实行合理排序、分段。首段要点明主题，亮明观点，中间段围绕主题展开描述，根据需要可用一至两段，结尾段一定要呼应首段，将主题升华（首尾呼应，结尾升华），不要出现自相矛盾的情况。如今年的高考英语作文答案，首段开门见山，亮明写信目的：Im writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city

13、for a conference.第二段询问能否到机场迎接叔叔。第三段描述了关于叔叔的具体信息。结尾段（已给出）呼应了首段。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework（二）词法上的错误1. 词汇搭配不当，如：问题句： I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.对策：平时熟记高频单词、固定搭配，考试时，在使用某个单词或者短语时，慎重考虑这个

14、单词或短语与其它内容是否搭配。to2词性中的张冠李戴, 如：My English is very well.good.I want to make friends with students from others country.other countries.对策：平时记单词时除了词义，还要识记其词性、名词的可数性与不可数性、动词的延续性与非延续性、及物与不及物等。写作时，如果对所写单词的词性没有把握，可换用其它的单词。3. 时态错误绝大部分考生段首句子的时态还准确，但段中就开始出错，或者前半句时态还准确，后半句就错了。因为这部分考生对各种时态的用法以及什么样的文体该用什么时态还弄不清。如

15、：Id be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp. acceptI was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.had对策：弄清各种文体对应的时态，如日记应该用过去时态，通知用将来时态，发表观点类的文章及图表作文用现在时态，书信根据需要能够交叉使用现在时态、将来时态和过去时态。写完后还要认真检查，看一下时态呼应一致方面是否出现了错误。4. 语态错误形式多为：不及物动词误用被动形式，不规则动词的过去分词变化拼写错误，该用被动语态的

16、地方没有用被动语态。如：I got a message that a summer camp will be hold in Singapore.heldI hope I will accept as a member of your summer camp.be accepted对策：平时有意识地实行主、被动语态方面的转换练习，熟记不规则动词的过去分词变化形式。写作时，要确保使用被动形式的是及物动词，检查动词的过去分词形式是否写错，并思考一下此处语态应用是否合适。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading T

17、ask in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework（三）句法结构上的错误1. 句子结构不完整阅卷发现：句子结构不完整的情况常出现在定语从句以及需要跟双宾语的动词结构中。如：Id like to communicate with students come from foreign countries. whoI can tell the foreign students about China.something对策：掌握好主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补五种基本句型和there be结构。通过翻译、改错、改写、转换句型等将句法结

18、构内化，要有意识地经常使用已纠正的常错句型，注意句子结构的完整性。 2. 悬垂修饰语现象悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语或修饰语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。分词、不定式、动名词和省略句作为修饰语时考生受汉语影响常会出现悬垂现象。如：In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher will be hired. our school will hire a foreign teacher. At the age of 19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.When my s

19、ister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University./ When I was 19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.对策：使用非谓语动词和省略句作为修饰语时，要注意使它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致（独立主格结构除外）。使用短语作从句时，要记住短语所表达的内容不得与后面主句所描述的内容有所冲突或者造成歧义。3. 汉语式英语，逐字翻译比如表达“我对这项活动感兴趣，想参加。”Im interested in the activity and want to take part

20、 in.it.表达“公园里有一则告示，上面写道：注意安全，道路光滑。”There is a notice in the park, writing：“To take notice of safe, slippery sideway. ”saying：“Watch your step. Slippery sideway. ”对策：养成用英语思维实行写作的习惯，不逐字翻译题目所列的要求，遇到自己没有把握的，可换一种方式表达。4. 语法关系不一致表现为：主谓不一致、指代不一致、单复数不一致、比较对象不一致、时态不一致等方面。如：In the bedroom there are a bed, a de

21、sk and a chair. isThe shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like it.them.对策：日常学习中，要多留心各种特殊的语法关系，注意培养英语语感。写作完成后，只要认真检查，就能够避免类似错误的出现。5. 重复累赘 如：I can speak fluent English fluently.I can speak fluent English./ I can speak English fluently.Just as the saying goes “every coin has two sides,” it is th

22、e same with the private cars, that is to say, it has its disadvantages. 省略简化：Just as the saying goes, “every coin has two sides,” so does the private cars. /Every coin has two sides, so does the private cars.对策： 英语有一个原则叫简洁原则（又叫经济原则）能用三词不用四词。平时实行长句短写训练，学会用省略的方法使句子简洁明了。写作完成后，要认真检查，看有无重复累赘句。7. 句式结构单一，无

23、连接词 如：Im Li Hua. Im a middle school student. Im from China.修改：Im Li Hua, a middle school student from China.You practise more reading, you will improve your reading ability.修改： If you practise more reading, you will/Practise more reading and you will对策：学会恰当使用连接词、同位语、非谓语动词、短语等对结构单一的英语句子实行合并，实行简单句和复合句

24、的转换训练，逐步掌握较复杂句式。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook and finish the questions.Homework（四）“高级表达”误区现象很多考生（尤其成绩较好的）在写作时，将过多的注意力放在“高级表达”上面。他们过多使用所谓的“高级词汇”、 “高级语法结构”， 以期能让自己的作文“技高一筹”，提升得分档次。但好多情况下却弄巧成拙，造成了复杂结构堆砌，错误百出。即陷入了所谓“高级表达”的误区。这种现象在考卷中也很普遍。如：For so ma

25、ny years tough studying, I have conquered English. I totally master English. I can speak magnificent English. And I want to make my voice be widely heard throughout the world. So I want to take part in your summer camp.修改：Ive been learning English for many years, and I speak fluent English now. What

26、 is more, Ill be able to tell students from other countries something about China and learn about their countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.又如：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually not only because it has given us more space to deve

27、lop our critical thinking and independent ability but also because we really feel much happier than ever before.(用词39个，含一个宾语从句，两个状语从句，太冗长。 ) 拆分修改：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually because it has allowed us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent abi

28、lity. Whats more, we really feel much happier than ever before. （一个主从复合句、一个简单句，连接词使句子流畅连贯）对策：使用词汇、语法结构应该简洁、准确、恰当、通俗易懂，少用生僻词，同时在达到了基本的组句水平以后，再去恰当追求写复杂结构的句子，不要为了所谓的“高级结构”而牵强使用，走出所谓“高级结构”的误区。对于冗长啰嗦的长句子可使用拆分省略法，使其简洁有力。 Read the passage Successful AIDS Programme in Yunan in Reading Task in the workbook a

29、nd finish the questions.Homework二、基 础 写 作 训练（一）熟悉句型 连词成句句型结构：主语+系动词+表语 “There + be + 主语”（存有句型） 主谓结构 主谓宾结构 双宾语结构 复合宾语结构 祈使句结构 感叹句结构 并列句结构 复合句结构（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句）如：主语+系动词+表语 句型结构1. 示例Eg. Smith is a boss/over 40/smart/in a room/to go to see a film/excited/out.2. 仿写句子,连词成句。如：光学习英语而不使用是没用的。

30、It is no use/useless learning English without using it.3. 连句成段 如：他的愿望是当个科学家。最终，他的愿望实现了。His wish was to become a scientist. At last, it came true. （二）句子间、段落间的衔接、过渡的写作与训练 1. 写法指导 2. 针对训练1. 写法指导连接(过渡)性词语归纳：如，表示起始关系的过渡性词语：first of all, above all, according to, so far, as far as, to begin with, in my opi

31、nion，up to now等。例 迄今为止，诸事顺利。(1)Everything is in order up to now. (2)Everything is in order up to this time. (3)Everything is in order so far. 2. 针对训练在下面空格中填入准确的连接词，使句子的衔接更加紧密。 1English is a useful language. _， it is an official language in the UN. _，it is widely used in business, science and technol

32、ogy.答案：For one thing; For another (thing)2为了减少交通事故，首先，政府应该采取相对应措施，比如发展公共交通。其次，人们应该遵守交通规则，尤其是司机。In order to reduce the traffic accidents, _， the government should take some proper measures, _ developing public traffic. _， people should obey traffic rules, especially the drivers. 答案：first; such as; Se

33、cond （三）简单句的转换训练 1. 掌握简单句转换的三种方法： 转换句子结构 转换句型 转换词语 2. 针对训练1. 转换句子结构例 你每天帮我学英语。你太好了！一般： You help me study English every day. You are very kind. (“一般表达”,句子之间的关系松散)较好： Its very kind of you to help me learn English every day. 较好： How kind of you to help me learn English every day! (it作形式主语的句子或感叹句读起来很流畅)

34、 2. 转换句型 写作中常用于转换的三个重点句型： there be句型there be句型也是简单句中的一种常用句型。有时there be还能够换用there seems/seemed to be，there happened to be，there may/might be，there must be，there cant be，there ought to/should be等。Eg. There happened to be a lot of people on the playground. 感叹句感叹句是作文中很有用的一种句型，常见的感叹句有两种：句型1 What(冠词)形容词名词

35、主谓结构感叹号句型2 How形容词或副词主谓结构感叹号What an interesting film (it is)! How interesting a film (it is)! 强调句型强调句型也是常用的一种句型，其结构是：It is/was被强调部分that/who原句其他部分。I met my friend in the street yesterday. It was I who/that met my friend in the street yesterday. It was my friend that I met in the street yesterday.It wa

36、s in the street that I met my friend yesterday.3. 转换词语 例 杰克是我们学校的学生。他学习特别努力。一般： Jack studies in our school. He studies very hard.（重复使用study，显得呆板）较好： Jack studies in our school. He works hard at his lessons.(词语转换后，句子就“活”起来了)一般：Mother went to work in a hurry. She didnt have breakfast. 较好：Mother went t

37、o work in a hurry without having breakfast. 针对训练.简单句转换(转换词语或句型) 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。原句： Its good for our health to eat more fruit and vegetables.转换： (1)Eating more fruit and vegetables _ good for our health.(2)Eating more fruit and vegetables does _ our health.(3)We benefit more _ fruit and vegetables.答案：(1

38、)is (2)good to (3)from.根据“一般表达”的意思，完成“较好表达”中的句子(使用简单句)。一般表达： Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. He is tall and handsome. He played in NBA. He has a talent for basketball. He plays very hard every time. He wants to realize his dream. We Chinese like him very much. The foreigners like him too. 较好

39、表达 ： Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player in the world. The big man from China is 2.26m _. As a superstar, he also _ great skill and speed. In the Houston Rockets he acted _ a center and _no effort in each game so as to live his dream. Not only Chinese _ foreigners like Yao Ming very much. 答案：as

40、; tall; has; as; spared; but (also)（四）高级词汇和较复杂结构的写作与训练1. 使用高级词汇 多实少虚写作中多用specific words，少使用general words，多用蕴含感情色彩的词语，少用中性词。如good指人时可用以下形容词替换：kind, honest, generous, selfless, brave, warmhearted, sympathetic, honorable, humorous, smart, gentle等；good指事物或事情时可用以下形容词替换：great, fantastic, splendid, marvelo

41、us, excellent, wonderful, meaningful, enjoyable, nice等。 以下句子中的形容词虽然都能够用good代替，但远不如原句出彩。I hope everyone can have a wonderful time.He is a warmhearted teacher.This is really a nice idea to go climbing Mount Hua this weekend. 短语优先I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.I can no longer put up with

42、the way he speaks to us.He didn t listen to what I said in the class.He turned a deaf ear to what I said in the class. 弃旧取新写作中要恰当得体地使用高中学过的、较长的词汇。We all have the same chance.We all possess the same chance (opportunity)We have a lot of homework to do at the weekend.We have endless homework to do at t

43、he weekend. 避免重复I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches.I like reading while my brother enjoys watching football matches.2. 使用较复杂结构 1）改变时态和语态The bell is ringing now.There goes the bell!2）使用各种从句（名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等） 3）使用虚拟语气He didnt take my advice, so he failed in the exam.

44、If he had taken my advice, he wouldnt have failed in the exam.4) 改变句子开头不要一味地采用“主语谓语宾语”的文法语序。能够适当地把一些成分(如状语) 放在句子开头，这样使整个句子读起来跌宕起伏，增加书面表达的表现力。 用状语开头Our library is in the center of our school. It is between the garden and the teaching building. （一般）In the center of our school lies our library，which is

45、 between the garden and the teaching building. （高级） （全国卷）The girls felt tired but happy. They rode bikes to the school. （一般）Tired but happy, the girls rode bikes to the school. （高级） 以倒装开头Badly injured as he was，he managed to take down the cars number. （倒装）（全国卷）Only in this way（by using it often） can

46、 I improve my English. （倒装）（高级）以不定式短语开头He came to Beijing to visit his uncle. （一般）To visit his uncle, he came to Beijing. （高级） 以同位语开头一般句式： Shakespeare is a son and he is from a poor family. He had little education. He wrote many plays and poems. People all over the world like his plays and poems. （句式单一，啰嗦）黄金句式：Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world. (湖南卷 ) （以同位语开头,用一个较复杂句式，表达层次清晰，句式多变） 以分词或独立主格结构开