作文炼句第21篇老师译文笔记

1、1.人类天生就对周围发生的事情感到好奇，对于尤其如此。对很多人来说，虽然可怕，但同样能引起他们的。正因为如此，报纸和电视简报上充满了对于的。It is human nature （1.人类天性）to be curious about the eventsppen around us. When itcomes to （2.对于）crime, this is espelly so. For many, although crime is something to befeared, it is also somethingt draws theirerest（3.吸引他们的）, and ther

2、eforenewsprs andevinews bulletins （4.电视简报）are full of reports of crime.1- human naturehuman nature 前面不加冠词 the 或 a，也没有复数形式。词典释义：humannaturenoununcountablethe natural ways of behaving性t most people share人You cant change human nature.你无法改变人性。Itsonlyhuman nature (= It is natural) to wantthebest for your

3、 children.希望自己的孩子得到最好的乃是人之常情。外刊例句：But the sucs of schemes like the one in Kirklees owesasmuch to an understanding of humannature. （）但像科那种计划之所以能成功，很大程度上归功于对人性的深刻认识。替换表达：Humans are by nature2- When it comes to注意这里 to 是介词。词典释义：32.PHRASEexpres to in a topic短语when order to谈到;涉及it comes toYou orcan use th

4、ewhen it comes downroduce a new topic or a new aspect of talking about.t you are【搭配模式】：PHRn/-ingMost of us know we should cut down on fat. But knowingsuch andthings isnt much help when itcomes toshopeating.大多数人都知道应该减少脂肪量。但是在购物和吃东西的时候，这些就丢到一边去了。However, when itcomesdown to somebodyt they know,they ha

5、ve a different feeling.然而，涉及他们认识的人，他们的感觉就不同了。外刊例句：By letting lower-court decis stand but notrequiringother courts to abide by the ruling, the stage isset for odd se-by-seor district-by-districtdistinctions whenit comes to the meaning of laws or theconstitution. （）（）让低级能维持原判，但又不要求其他遵从其，而这就造成了各州及个地区对于

6、法律和的解释各不相同。替换表达：for crime学生错误表达：（1）when itrefers to点评：没有 when it refersto 的说法，应该改为 when it comesto3- draw oneserest词典释义：drawUK dr: ATTRACTUS dr:吸引verb (drew,drawn)transitiveto attractattention or注意）erest吸引，引起（、Hes an excellent speaker who alwaysdraws acrowd.IMPROVER他很擅长，总能吸引大批的听众。Does he todrawwear

7、those ridiculous clothesattention?他穿那些滑稽的衣服就是想吸引人们的注意吗？Could Idraw your attention toitemnumber threeonnda?我可以请你看一看议程的第三项内容吗？外刊例句：They often regard these companies as a visible,publicstaget they can use to drawerest,” hesays. “They will change or evolve their tactics to keepthespotlight on their caus

8、e as long assible.” （）他说:“他们经常认为这些公司是能让其吸引公众注意力的高度的公众，他们会改变其策略来让他们的事业尽可能久地处于聚光灯下。”替换表达：draw oyes4-evinews bulletins词典释义：bulletinUKbl.tnUS -tn nouncountablea about newspshort news programme onevior radio oftensomethings jusppened, or a shortr pred by ananization（电视或电台的）新闻快报；（机构的）简报an hourly newsbulle

9、tin 整点快报The company publishes a fortnightly staff.这家公司每两周为员工出一期简报。bulletinforits例句：Whenstockmarkets fall precipiely, the story makes thenightlyevinews bulletins.（）随着市场迅速崩塌，这个故事就变成了每晚的快报。Q：对翻译来讲，在保证正确的基础上，是否用越多的句式，越高级的词语就越好呢？应该是不一定的吧？A：不一定的，是否用高级的单词要看这个词是否能在语境中精确表达出意思，如果不够精确，就不能用。关于这方面的知识，你去看 On Writ

10、ing Well 这本书。For many, although crime is something to be feared, itisalso somethingt draws theirerest, and thereforenewspr andevinews bulletins are full of reportsof crime.分析本句是一个由 and 连接的并列句，其前一分句的主干为 it isalso somethingt draws theirerest，这是一个主系表结构，其中主语 it 指代 crime，表语为 somethingt draws theirerest，其

11、中包含了一个定语从句t draws theirerest，修饰 something。句首 Formany 和 although crime issomething to be feared 为两个状语。该句的后一分句为therefore newspr andevinews bulletins are fullofreports of crime，这是一个主系表结构，其中，therefore 为状语，newspr andevinews bulletins 为主语，full ofreports of crime 为表语。这产生的结果就是很多花费大量时间名人，无论这些名人去了哪里。他们希望可以到（名

12、人）羞辱性的，或者得到耸人听闻的故事。In countriesve free media, the press is allowed to cover virtually any storyt they beve2.在的国家 被允许几乎任何他们认为有价值或者仅仅有利可图的is newsworthy （1.有价值的）or simply profitable. The result ist many reporters spendmuch of their time stalking （2.）cerities wherever they go,he hope oap（3.）a humiliatin

13、g photo or obtaining a sensationalist （4.耸人听闻的）story.1- newsworthy词典释义：newsworthy1.ADJ-GRADED能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词有价值的;有价值的;值得的An event, fact, or ors or onbe theradioorevi.The number of deathsmakes the价值。storynewsworthy.人数使这篇具有了This situation mightdevelopo anevenmorenewsworthyitem if the涉入的话，这个局面就会变得

14、更有were involved.如果价值了。外刊例句：Bhumibol Adulyadej, the 88-year-old king ofiland,hasbeen in poor health for so longt each fresh bout ofillness seems scarcelynewsworthy.（）这位 88 岁的国王长期以来身体都不好，以至于其病况更新都难称得上具有价值。学生错误表达：（1）valuable点评：表达不够准确，valuable 是泛指某事物有价值，没有表达出“”这一层含义。2- stalking词典释义：stalkUK st:kFOLLOWUS

15、st:k跟随verbtransitiveto follow ananimal oras closely assiblewithout being seen or heard, usuallyin order to catch orkill them，悄悄地靠近（猎物或人）Thehad beenstalkingthe woman for ak了她一before they arrested her.个。逮捕那个女人之前已经ransitiveortransitiveto illegallyfollow and watch someone, usually awoman, over（通常指女性）rio

16、dof time（在一段时期内）骚扰He was arrested forstalking.他因骚扰女性而。外刊例句：Meanwhile, Graham Arnold and Kevuscat spent muchoftheir time stalking the touchlineand berating thefourth offil. （）与此同时，格莱汉姆和慕斯耗费大量时间来骚扰边裁和第四裁判员。替换表达：follow学生错误表达：（1）track点评：track 一般是指“找寻，追踪（犯人或猎物）”，例如：have been tracking the four criminals a

17、ll overCentralAmerica.一直在洲到处追捕这四名犯人。这里用来指对的不太恰当。（2）trace点评：trace 是指“找到，查出”，例如：are trying to tracea young woman who was seen near theaccident.在设法寻找目击者称在事故现场附近出现过的一名年轻女子。（3）tail点评：拼写错误，tail 不可与 trail。3- snap词典释义：snapsnpverb (-pp-)PHOTOGRAPH摄影ransitiveortransitiveto take a lot ofphotographs quickly拍快照H

18、e was arrested forsnap photos of a parade.他因拍摄了阅兵的快照而被逮捕。militaryShes very pleased withher new camera andthe whole time we were abroad.她对在国外时，她一直不停地拍照。wa apaway自己的新相机十分满意，例句：The invention of the handheld camera appalled19th-centurysociety, as did the “Kodak fiends” whopatrolled beacheapsunbathers.（）

19、手持式相机在十九世纪引起了轰动，与此同时，那些在沙滩游荡偷拍日光浴者的“柯达粉丝”也不妨多让。替换表达：get a snapshot of学生错误表达：（1）take / get点评：take/get 不能体现出“”这一层含义。4- sensationalist词典释义：sensationalist1.ADJ-GRADED词 (能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容、电视广播)耸人听闻的，追求轰动效应的Sensationalistnews programmes present the worse or more shockingreports and facts in a way n they

20、 reallyeviand radioseemare.【语用信息】：disapproval.sensationalistheadlines.耸人听闻的标题Thctures weresensationalistand could seriouslydisturb younger readers.这些的读者们惶恐不安。大肆渲染，会让一些比较年轻外刊例句：Last month it broadcast anot-uncharacteristically sensationalist report aboutgrenadeattacks in Nairobi, wilarge on-screen ba

21、nnerscreamingf violentdisturbanincident. （）它于上个月播报了一则关于内罗毕的耸人听闻的，在屏幕上辅以极大标题“”二字，暗指将发生一系列，但实际上这次只是一次与他人无关的意外。替换表达：sensational学生错误表达：（1）appalling点评：appalling 含义是 Causing consternation or dismay;frightful，比如 appalling working conditions 可怕的工作条件/appalling骇人的一般不能用来指耸人听闻。Q：有些时候是形容词修饰名词，有些时候是名词修饰名词，这两者之间区别

22、吗？还是说名词修饰名词一般是固定表达，而通常是用形容词修饰名词呢？望老师解答，老师。A：名词修饰名词的情况一般是固定表达，比如 attention span，panic attack 等，遇到这种情况可以当成特例下来。In countriesve free media, the press is allowedtocover virtually any storyt they beve is newsworthyor simplyprofitable.分析本句的主干是 the press is allowedto cover virtuallyany story，这是一个结构，the pres

23、s 是主语，is allowed 是谓语，to cover virtually any story 是不定式作主语补足语，在这个不定式中还包含了一个t 引导的定语从句t they beve isnewsworthyor simply profitable，修饰 story。句首是一个地点状语从句，其中，ve free media 是定语从句，修饰countries。The result ist many reports spend much of theirtimestalking cerities wherever they go,he hope ofsnapa humiliatingpho

24、to or obtaining a sensationaliststory.分析本句的主干是 The result ist，这是一个主系表结构，其中表语由长长的由t 引导的名词性从句承担，该表语从句的结构为 sb spend timeng sth，主语为 many reports，谓语是spend，宾语是 much of their time，状语是 stalkingceritieswherever they go，这个状语里面又包含了一个地点状语 wherever they go，句子最后是由he hope of 引导的介词短语，作目的状语。1- be subject to strict c

25、ontrolsbe subject to 含义较多，这里是指按照法律、规定等，必须服从的。3.尽管 有时候会导致一些问题，但这并不意味着 应该受到严格管控。在多数情况下，人们 知道他们身边正在发生着什么。如果在某一特定的区域存在大量的谋杀，而罪犯又在逃的话，告知该区域居民的必要性应该大于其他任何顾虑。Although the reporting of crime can sometimes lead to certain problems, this does not meant the media should be subject to strict controls（1.受到严格控制）.

26、ost cases, people have the right to know what is going on around them. If there was a spate of （2.大量的）murders in one particular area and the petrator remainedarge（3.在逃的）, the need to inform those livinghat area should be placed above any other concerns（4.置于其他顾虑之上）.词典释义：subject8.ADJi have形容词bject受支配的

27、;服从于的If someoneto a particular set of rules or laws, theyto obey those rules or laws.【搭配模式】：v-link ADJ to nThe tribunal is unique because Mr Jones is notsubjecttothe normal安条例discipline code.因为先生不受一般的治约束，所以专门设立了特别。.arguingt as a sovereign se it could notbesubjectto another countrys laws.争论说作为一个主权国家其

28、不受其他国家法律的约束外刊例句：Precisely because of its cachet (or capacityfor exploiion), businese of the word university issubject to strict controls. （）“大学”一词的商业使用受到严格，这绝对因为其威望或者说其可供开发利用的价值。替换表达：something should be under strict / tight control2- a spate of词典释义：spatespetnouncountable usually singulara larger num

29、ber of eventsn usual,espe timellyunpleasant ones, happeningat about the same（尤指不愉快的）大量突发事件are investigating aspateof最近在金burglariesheKingsland Road area.正在路周边地区接连发生的破门窃盗案。外刊例句：A spate of retirements atWimbledon showst hobbledentrants are reluctant to give up ringspos and prizemoney. （）不少网球比赛的选手突然退赛，这

30、表明了，不少有伤在身的选手不愿放弃分数和奖金。替换表达：a large number of / a host of学生错误表达：（1）a large amount of点评：amount of 后面只能修饰不可数名词，这里 murder 是可数名词，不能用 a large amount of 来修饰。3-arge词典释义：argephrase2. if a criminal or a large, they have not been caughtdangerous animal is atA third, unidentifiedremainsatlarge.Thesaurus: Maine

31、ntry:free and independentsynonym large外刊例句：Although he is frustratedt so manys remain atlarge, the chiefvoy tonia, AustriasWolfgang Petritsch, bea helpfuleffect on the political atmosphereregion. （）出使波黑的奥地利国际首席大使奇虽然对许多嫌疑犯仍逍遥法外感到失望，但他认为该特别对当地起积极影响。替换表达：on the run4-sth be placed above any other concer

32、ns词典释义：placeplesverbITION位置ransitiveortransitiveto put安放，摆放somethingin a particularition放置，Sheplacedtheletter in front of me.她把信放在我面前。Sheplacedhername on the list of上。voteers.她把自己的名字写在志工Idplacehim among the ten most brilliantscientistsof his age.我会把他列入他那个时期最杰出的十位科学家之列。+ obj in its in+adj The horse w

33、asplaced/second/thirdrace (= finished the race/second/thirdition).那匹马在首场比赛中获得第一二三名。concernUK kns:nUS -s:nnoun WORRY 担心countableoruncountablewhen you something虑的事情feel worried or nervous about something, ort makes you feel worried担心；忧虑；挂念；忧Concernforthe safety of the two missing teenagersisgrowing.两名

34、少年的安危越来越令人担忧。Theres a lot of public concernabout/overdangeroustoxins recently found in food.公众对近来在食物中发现毒素一事非常不安。+t Myconcernistyoure not gettingenough work done.我担心的是你将不能完成足够的工作。外刊例句：IMPROVERESSENTIALThis strengthens the case for keng UKerest ratesonhold, over and above any concernsabout the seof th

35、e global economy. （）这让维持英国利率稳定变得更为迫切，比其他国际经济大事都重要。替换表达：something be given priority over学生错误表达：（1）prior to点评：prior to 含义是“在之前”，例如：All the arrangementsshould be completed prior to your departure.所有安排都应在你离开之前完成。Prior to 是指时间上的优先级，不能用来指重要性上面的优先级。（2）be worth moren点评：be worth moren 一般指“比更有价值”，例如：I paid 20

36、00 for thiscar. Youve been had, mate. Its notworth moren 1000.短语用在该语境中不合适。Q：请问 be subject to 与 be subjectedto 在作为的时候区别？A：正确的说法应该是 be subject to something，没有 besubjected to something 的说法。be subject to sthto have or experience a particular thing, something unpleasant有；，承受espellyCars aresubject高的国内税。to

37、 a highdomestic tax.买汽车要缴很In recent years, she has beensubjectto attacks ofdepres.近年来，她一直饱受忧郁症的折磨。Q：写作的时候，单句用的多比较好，还是复句用的多比较好呢，比如在这里： criminal reports 和 the reporting of crime 哪个比较好？我个人更倾向于 criminalreports。A：一般可以采用单句和复句长短结合的方式，单句穿插在复句当中。Criminal reports 和 the reporting of crime 两个都可以，在写作时可以替换使用，避免用词

38、单调。Q：If there was a spate of murders in one particularareaand the petrator remainedarge,这句话如果是虚拟语气，was 为什么不是“were”呢？另外如果只是单纯的过去时，也应该用 were 才对，因为后面的 murders 属于复数形式呀，！A：句子使用了虚拟语气，表示一种假设意味，在这里写成 if therewere / was 都可以，但 if there were 会显得更加老派正式，关于这一点可以参考之前提到的一个虚拟语气用法：/RCCHqdR1- cannot do without somethi

39、ng词典释义：do without1.PHRASALVERB 短语动词 没有也行，没有而设法对付过去If youdo withoutsomethingyou need, want, orusually have, you are able to survive, continue, orsucceedalthough you do noveit.【语法信息】：【语法信息】：V PWe cantdowithoutthe help of不能没有youranisation.机构的帮助。Weve had a bit more money andt, and the baby doesntdo4.之所以

40、重要只是因为离不开它。在信息时代，保持消息灵通是很重要的，而新闻在这点上扮演着无可替代的角色。The news media is important simply because we cannot do without （1.离不开）it.he information age, being well informed （2.消息灵通的）is crul and the news media plays an indispensable（3.无可替代） rolehis.without.还有一点钱什么的，婴儿没有这些。外刊例句：Like other airline chiefs, Qatar Ai

41、rwayss, AkbarAlBaker, complains of GDSs slowness in updating theirsystems to cope willthese options, but he admitstthey cannotdo without the GDSs because they providesuch a big share oftheirreservations. （）卡塔尔航空和其他航空公司一样，抱怨全球分销系统（GDS）更新其用于处理这些优先权的系统太缓慢了，不过他也承认他们无法不依靠该系统，因为他提供了大量订单。替换表达：cannot go/man

42、age without something学生错误表达：（1）cannot livewithout点评：表达确，cannot livewithout something 是指“离开了某事物就无法生存”。2-well informed词典释义：well-informedUKwel.nf:mdhaving a lotUS-f:rmdadjectiveof knowledge or information aboutaparticular subject or things in general（对某一话题或总体情况）非常熟悉的；消息灵通的He waswell-informedand shrewd, with good,calmjudgment.他见多识广，精明能干且有着出色、冷静的判断力。Howwell-informedis the customerabouttherange,quality and cost of the products on offer?的范围、质量和成本了解有多少呢？顾客对现有商品外刊例句：Being well-infor