华为生成树协议配置

1、生成树协议的配置 【实训背景】学校为了开展计算机教学和网络办公，建立了一个计算机教室和一个校办公区，这两处的计算机网 络通过两台交换机互连组成内部校园网；为了提高网络的可靠性，作为网络管理员的你要用2条链路 将交换机互连，现要求在交换机上做适当配置，使网络避免环路。【实训目的】掌握生成树协议的配置方法，理解生成树协议的作用和特点【技术原理】生成树协议（spanning-tree），作用是在交换网络中提供冗余备份链路，并且解决交换网络中的 环路问题。生成树协议是利用SPA算法（生成树算法），在存在交换环路的网络中生成一个没有环路的树形网络。 运用该算法将交换网络冗余的备份链路逻辑上断开，当主要链

2、路出现故障时，能够自动的切换到备 份链路，保证数据的正常转发。生成树协议的特点是收敛时间长。当主要链路出现故障以后，到切换到备份链路需要50秒的时间。【实训内容】1、根据拓扑将主机和交换机进行连接（未形成环路）2、测试主机之间可以相互ping通3、配置生成树协议4、测试（形成环路）5、测试（断开主要链路）【实现功能】使网络在有冗余链路的情况下避免环路的产生，避免广播风暴等。【实训设备】s3100（2台），PC（2台）、直连线（4条）【主要命令】stp, stp mode , spanning-tree Priority, undo stp【实训步骤】1、在每台交换机上开启生成树协议.对Swit

3、chA做如下配置： system-view !进入全局配置模式H3Csysname SwitchASwitchAvlan 10SwitchA-vlan10quitSwitchAinterface fastethernet 0/24SwitchA- fastethernet 0/24 port acc vlan 10SwitchA interface f 0/1SwitchA-fastethernetport link-type trunkSwitchA interface f 0/2SwitchA-fastethernetport link-type trunkSwitchA-fastethe

4、rnetquitSwitchA对SwitchB做如下配置： system-view !进入全局配置模式H3Csysname SwitchBSwitchBvlan 10SwitchB vlan10quitSwitchBinterface fastethernet 0/24SwitchB-fastethernet port acc vlan 10SwitchBinterface f 0/1SwitchB-fastetherne port link-type trunkSwitchBinterface f 0/2SwitchB-fastetherne port link-type trunkSwit

5、chB-fastetherne quitSwitchB2、设置生成树模式。stp mode stp!设置生成树模式为STP (802.1D)验证测试：验证生成树协模式为802.1DsysSwitchAstp enable ！开启生成树协议SwitchA stp mode stpSwitchAquitsysSwitchBstp enable ！开启生成树协议SwitchB stp mode stpSwitchBquit验证测试：验证生成树协议已经开启SwitchA#disp stpCIST Global InfoMode STPCIST Bridge :32768.000f-e253-8317

6、本机桥IDBridge Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20CIST Root/ERPC :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 200 根桥ID及路径开销CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.000f-e253-8317 / 0CIST RootPortId :128.1 短口IDBPDU-Protection :disabledTC-Protection :enabled / Threshold=6Bridge ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledTC or TCN received :1

7、22Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:9sPort1(Ethernet1/0/1)FORWARDING 发送状态Port Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Root PortPort Priority :128Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 128.1Port Edged :Config=disabled / Active=disabledPoint-to-point :Config=auto

8、/ Active=trueTransmit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 0BPDU Sent :3TCN: 1, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0BPDU Received :39TCN: 0, Config: 39,

9、 RST: 0, MST: 0Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)DISCARDING 阻塞状态Port Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Alternate PortPort Priority :128Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 128.2Port Edged :Config=disabled / Active=disabledPoint-to-point :Config=auto / Active=trueTran

10、smit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 0BPDU Sent :2TCN: 0, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0BPDU Received :59TCN: 0, Config: 59, RST: 0, MST: 0Sw

11、itchA disp stp int e1/0/1 显示接口 STP 信息CISTPort1(Ethernet1/0/1)FORWARDINGPort Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Root PortPort Priority :128 接口优先级Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 128.1Port Edged :Config=disabled / Active=disabledPoint-to-point :Config=

12、auto / Active=trueTransmit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 0BPDU Sent :3TCN: 1, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0BPDU Received :195TCN: 0, Confi

13、g: 195, RST: 0, MST: 03、设置交换机的优先级。SwitchA stp priority 0 !设置交换机SwitchA在生成树实例0中的优先级为0,数值最小的交 换机为根交换机（也称根桥），交换机SwitchB的优先级采用默认优先级（32768），因此SwitchA 将成为根交换机。验证测试：验证交换机SwitchA的优先级SwitchAdisplay stpStpVersion : STPSysStpStatus : EnabledBaseNumPorts : 24MaxAge : 20HelloTime : 2ForwardDelay : 15BridgeMaxAge

14、 : 20BridgeHelloTime : 2BridgeForwardDelay : 15MaxHops : 20TxHoldCount : 3PathCostMethod : LongBPDUGuard : DisabledBPDUFilter : DisabledBridgeAddr : 00d0.f88c.1da0Priority : 0TimeSinceTopologyChange : 0d:0h:7m:21sTopologyChanges : 0DesignatedRoot : 000000D0F88C1DA0RootCost : 0RootPort : 0SwitchB dis

15、 stpCIST Global InfoMode STPCIST Bridge :32768.000f-e249-d546 本机桥IDBridge Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20CIST Root/ERPC :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 0 根桥ID及路径开销CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 0CIST RootPortId :0.0BPDU-Protection :disabledTC-Protection :enabled / Threshold=6Bridge

16、 ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledTC or TCN received :5Time since last TC :0 days 0h:3m:11sPort1(Ethernet1/0/1)FORWARDINGPort Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Designated PortPort Priority :128Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 128.1Port Edged :Config=d

17、isabled / Active=disabledPoint-to-point :Config=auto / Active=trueTransmit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 20BPDU Sent :114TCN: 0, Confi

18、g: 114, RST: 0, MST: 0BPDU Received :1TCN: 1, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 0Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)FORWARDINGPort Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Designated PortPort Priority :128Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 128.2Port Edged :Config=disabled / Active=d

19、isabledPoint-to-point :Config=auto / Active=trueTransmit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 20BPDU Sent :132TCN: 0, Config: 132, RST: 0, MS

20、T: 0BPDU Received :0TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 04、综合验证测试。验证交换机SwitchB的端口 F0/ 1和F0/ 2的状态。-Port1(Ethernet1/0/1)FORWARDINGPort Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Designated PortPort Priority :128Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d546 / 128.1Port Edged :Con

21、fig=disabled / Active=disabledPoint-to-point :Config=auto / Active=trueTransmit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHop 20BPDU Sent :114TCN: 0,

22、Config: 114, RST: 0, MST: 0BPDU Received :1TCN: 1, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 0SwitchBdisplay stp interface ethernet1/ 0/2-Port2(Ethernet1/0/2)FORWARDINGPort Protocol :enabledPort Role :CIST Designated PortPort Priority :128Port Cost(Legacy) :Config=auto / Active=200Desg. Bridge/Port :32768.000f-e249-d

23、546 / 128.2Port Edged :Config=disabled / Active=disabledPoint-to-point :Config=auto / Active=trueTransmit Limit :10 packets/hello-timeProtection Type :NoneMSTP BPDU format :Config=legacyPort ConfigDigest Snooping :disabledNum of Vlans Mapped :1PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MsgAge 0s RemHo

24、p 20BPDU Sent :132TCN: 0, Config: 132, RST: 0, MST: 0BPDU Received :0TCN: 0, Config: 0, RST: 0, MST: 0验证网络拓扑发生变化时，ping的丢包情况。C:ping 192.168.10.3 t !从主机 PC1 ping PC2 (用连续 ping)，然后拔掉 SwitchA与 SwitchB 的端口 F0/1之间的连线，观察丢包情况。C:ping 192.168.10.3 -tPinging 192.168.10.3 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.16

25、8.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Request timed out.Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 192.168.10.3: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=12