西得乐的热定型工艺

1、西得乐的热定型工艺Sidel Heat Set Technology适用于敏感饮料 For sensitive beverages主讲人：兰尼 先生 Conducted by Mr. Ludovic LAINEPET耐热瓶、无菌灌装及ACTISTM等离子工艺与应用技术交流会SIDEL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON HR-BOTTLE， ASEPTIC AND ACTISTM2001年12月4、5日 DECELMBER 4TH & 5TH, 2001 中国上海 Shanghai, CHINA应用领域 Applications适用于包装各类敏感饮料,如 For the packa

2、ging of sensitive drinks such as:果汁 Fruit juices茶 Teas健康饮料 Isotonic beverages其它饮料等 etc.Titles基本原理 热定型的基本原理 单轮吹塑工艺 轻体瓶 线性结晶炉 西得乐热灌装设备在亚洲的分布情况 西得乐在亚洲的联络方法Basic PrincipleHeat Set fundamentalsOne wheel TechnologyLight weightingLinear crystal ovenReferences in AsiaContacts in Asia基本原理 Basic principle主要工艺

3、参数 Main parameters当前的灌装方式 Current filling methods:非连线热灌装 Off line hot filling连线吹瓶、灌装 Integrated blowing and filling operation热灌装瓶的热应力和机械应力 Thermal and mechanical stresses for hot filled bottles膨胀,继而负压变形 Inflation then collapsing局部变形 Local deformation收缩 Contraction主要工艺参数 Main parameters灌装温度 Filling t

4、emperature灌装水平 Filling level瓶子的存储条件(湿度,温度,时间等) Bottle storage conditions (RH, Temperature, time.) 瓶子的输送条件 (顶压, 侧压等) Bottle handling conditions (Vertical load, side load.) 隔氧性能 O2 barrier抗紫外线性能 U.V. barrier抗真空性能 Vacuum resistance热定型程度 Degree of heat setting瓶口的设计 Neck design热定型的程度 Degree of heat setti

5、ng吹瓶机的产量 Blower output瓶子的重量及设 Bottle weight & design与吹瓶及灌装有关的工艺参数 PARAMETERS LINKED TO THE BLOWING AND FILLING OPERATION :具体说明SPECIFICATIONS:与产品有关的工艺参数PARAMETERS LINKED TO THEPRODUCT :非连线灌装 Off line filling operation生产参数 Parameters:产量 Output模温 Mold temperature生产条件 Process Conditions运输Transport灌装+封盖F

6、illing + Capping冷却 COOLING码垛PALLETIZING湿度 RH存放时间 Time 存放温度 C垂直负荷 Top load灌装温度 Filling temperature旋盖钮力 Torque真空 Vacuum冷却时间 Time液面高度 Filling level垂直负荷Vertical load制瓶厂 BOTTLE PRODUCTION PLANT灌装厂 BOTTLE FILLING PLANT湿度 RH存放时间 Time 存放温度 C垂直负荷 Top load连线吹瓶、灌装Integrated blowing and filling operation灌装+封盖Fi

7、lling + Capping冷却 COOLING码垛 PALLETIZING生产参数 Parameters:产量 Output模温 Mold temperature生产条件 Process Conditions湿度 RH存放时间 Time 存放温度 C灌装温度 Filling temperature旋盖钮力 Torque真空 Vacuum冷却时间Time灌装水平Filling level垂直负荷Vertical load缓冲区 BUFFER 热灌装瓶的热应力和机械应力Thermal and mechanical stresses for hot fill bottles灌装 Filling

8、(70C to 95C)传输 Conveying冷却 Cooling变形 (材料变软)Distortions (material softening)静压 Hydrostatic Pressure真空 Vacuum封盖 Capping局部变形 Localized distortions热灌装 Hot Filling灌装方式 Operating method将液体加热至一定的温度，这个温度可使液体消毒 The liquid is raised to a temperature enabling it to be sterilized 在此温度下进行灌装 (温度最高可达92C)The bottle

9、 is filled at this temperature (up to 92C)瓶盖通过与高温液体的接触而进行消毒 Sterilization of the cap is obtained by contact with the hot liquid 逐步冷却 Gradual cooling 特殊的应力因素 Specific stress factors膨胀，继而负压变形 Inflation then collapsing局部变形 Local deformation 收缩 Contraction膨胀、继而负压变形Inflation then collapsing液体的冷却及瓶颈部位的气体导

10、致瓶子内部真空压力的产生：即通常所说的“负压变形”现象 Effect of internal vacuum pressure resulting from the cooling of the liquid and the air in the head area: phenomenon known as “collapsing”温度的升高及材料的机械应力 Rise in temperature of the material combined with mechanical stress瓶颈部位气体的膨胀：加剧瓶子的膨胀 Expansion of the air in the head ar

11、ea: increased inflation 液体对瓶壁产生静压：瓶子膨胀 Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the liquid on the walls: bottle inflation 材料变软，极易变形 Material is softened, easily deformed在包装过程中局部产生压力 Stress exerted locally during packaging局部变形 Local deformation未经拉伸的瓶颈与高温液体接触：材料塑化，存在变形的可能 Contact of the unstretched neck with t

12、he hot liquid: the material becomes plastic, deformation is possible灌装后的瓶子在仍保持高温的状态下被输送：与输送和引导设备接触而导致变形Conveying of the filled bottles while still hot: deformation on contact with the transport and guiding equipment 由于瓶盖产生机械应力：存在变形的风险 Mechanical stress exerted by the cap: risk of deformation材料固有的特性导

13、致变形 Deformation resulting from the intrinsic properties of the material拉伸而导致的应力在高温下释放，但吹瓶之后材料中仍存在残留的应力 Release under the effect of heat of the stress factors caused by stretching and which remain in the material after blow-molding因材料本身具有一种保持应力较低状态的天然倾向而导致的变形Deformation of the material which naturall

14、y tends towards a state in which the level of stress is lowest“记忆”作用 “Memory” effect收 缩 ContractionTitles基本原理 热定型的基本原理单轮吹塑工艺 轻体瓶 线性结晶炉西得乐热灌装设备在亚洲的分布情况 西得乐在亚洲的联络方法Basic PrincipleHeat Set fundamentalsOne wheel TechnologyLight weightingLinear crystal ovenReferences in AsiaContacts in Asia热定型的基本原理Heat s

15、et fundamentalsPET的热特性 P.E.T. thermal properties结晶度对软化温度的影响 Influence of crystallinity on Tg材料处于不同状态时的特性 States properties结晶的来源 Origin of crystals受热导致的结晶 Heat induced crystallinity拉伸导致的结晶 Strain induced crystallinity拉伸及受热共同导致的结晶 Combined strain & heat induced crystallinity吸湿性的影响 Influence of moistur

16、e pick up耐热瓶的吸湿过程 Kinetic of water absorption in HR bottles结晶度对水分吸收的影响 Effect of crystallinity on water absorption应力的释放 Stress relaxation抑制应力的产生 Limited induced stress释放产生的应力 Relaxation of induced stress关于热定型 Heat set answeringPET的受热特性 PET thermal properties 材料处于不同状态时的特性 States properties机械强度Mechani

17、cal resistance 热稳性 Thermal stability对热十分敏感 High sensitivity to heat: 当接近软化温度时，PET变软 PET softens when approaching Tg记忆现象：材料回到最初的状态Memory phenomena : material returns to its original shape无序状态 Amorphous state结晶状态 Crystalline state导致结晶的因素Origin of crystals 温度升高Temperature rise机械拉伸Mechanical stretching球

18、粒结晶Spherulitical crystallization其它因素导致的结晶Induced crystallization7075808590951000102030405060Xc %Tg on set (C)受热结晶 Heat Cristallisation拉伸+受热 Orientation+ heat软化温度 Tg = f (X)软化温度与结晶度Influence of crystallinity level on Tg受热导致的结晶Heat induced crystallinityR= 3m受热Heat无序状PET Amorphous pet不透光结构 Non transpar

19、ent structure to visible light球粒结晶SpherulitePET的双向拉伸：对分子结构的影响Pet bi-orientation : effect on molecular structure 无序状PET Amorphous pet结晶 Crystals无序状区域 Amorphous area拉伸方向 Strain direction拉伸方向 Strain directionPET分子链的拉伸Pet chainsOrientation拉伸导致的结晶Strain induced Crystallization拉伸及受热共同导致的结晶Combined strain

20、and heat induced crystallinity受热HEAT拉伸的结构 ORIENTED STRUCTURE60 吸湿性与软化温度Effect of moisture absorption on Tg40% Cristal.无序状态 Amorphous27% Cristal.35% Cristal.软化温度Tg C吸湿量 Moisture ppm耐热瓶的吸湿过程Kinetic of water absorption in hr bottles (单轮吹塑瓶 - 可口可乐亚洲瓶型 1 wheel bottle - coca Asia shape )59克 - 0.44毫米厚 59g

21、- 0.44 mm thick结晶度对水分吸收的影响 Effect of crystallinity on water absorption拉伸吹塑时产生的应力，主要在于 Stresses are induced during stretch blow molding and depend on :瓶坯设计 Preform design拉伸速度 Stretching speed瓶坯温度 Preform temperature吹瓶速度 Blowing speed应力的释放对于瓶子合理温度下的热定型至关重要Stress reduction is essential to proper heat s

22、etting for hot fill application应力的释放比提高瓶子的结晶度更为重要 High crystallinity is not enough and even of lower importance than annealing:应力在无序状态区域被释放 Stresses are released in the amorphous area应力的释放Stress Reduction热定型瓶Heat setbottle无序状态材料占有很大比率High rate of amorphous material变形 Distortions材料熔化 Material melting

23、内部应力Internal stresses应力的释放 Stress relaxation结晶度提高Crystallinity increase内部应力释放Internalstresses relaxation耐热强度 Heat resistance球粒结晶Spherulitical crystallization+其它因素导致的结晶Induced crystallization关于热定型 Heat set answering95 C 灌装 FILLING AT 95 C Titles基本原理热定型的基本原理单轮吹塑工艺轻体瓶线性结晶炉西得乐热灌装设备在亚洲的分布情况西得乐在亚洲的联络方法Bas

24、ic PrincipleHeat Set fundamentalsOne wheel TechnologyLight weightingLinear crystal ovenReferences in AsiaContacts in Asia单轮吹塑工艺One wheel technology瓶坯加热条件 Preform heat conditioning瓶子的吹制 Bottle blowing瓶子的设计 Bottle design设备的范围 Equipment range瓶坯加热条件Preform heat conditioning红外加热炉 Infra red oven温度保持一致 Hig

25、h consistency of temperature profile温度十分精确 High accuracy of temperature profile温度变化程度 Temperature gradients高效的温度变化程度 High effective temperature gradients瓶坯的加热情况 Preform heating profile通风系统 Ventilation system折光板 Reflectors转子 Spindles空气循环（备选）Air recycling (optional)温度控制 Temperature control吸湿 Moisture

26、pick up吸湿的过程 Water absorption kinematic瓶坯加热的影响 Influence of reheat瓶口内气泡的产生 Incidence on free bubbles对瓶坯强度的影响 Influence on strain hardening结论 ConclusionSBO二代设备标准加热炉 SBO Series2 standard oven 标准瓶坯加热炉具有高强度加热潜能 Use of the standard oven made possible by the high degree of reserve power available 线性加热炉的特点

27、 Linear oven features瓶坯受热一致 Reheat consistency瓶坯受热精确 Reheat accuracy 红外加热炉 Infra Red oven温度保持一致High Consistency Temperature Profile独特的加热通道 Unique lane灯管/瓶坯距离稳定不变 Constant distance lamp/preform瓶坯在受热过程中始终自转 Complete rotation in module闭环控制 Close loop control所有瓶坯受热过程相同 Same thermal history for all prefo

28、rms所有瓶坯温度一致 Same temperature for all preforms所有瓶坯最初的受热温度相同Process start with all preform at same temperature 所有瓶坯的加热过程相同 Same process for all preform温度十分精确High Accuracy Temperature Profile 高强度加热潜能 High power reserve- 第1加热区为3000瓦 3000 w / Zone 1- 第2至9加热区为2500瓦 2500 w / Zone 2 to 9 高效加热 Profile reache

29、d actively分为9个区域对瓶坯不同部位进行加热 9 zones splitable profile瓶坯受热部位热量分布精确 High accuracy temperature profile加热区间距累进式排列 Progressive pitch rack对各种坯型均可进行优化加热 Optimized lamps distribution for any type of preforms 由能量控制加热 Power regulated lamps根据瓶坯和瓶子的规格进行优化加热 Profile optimized according to preform and bottle spec

30、ifications温度的变化程度Temperature Gradients第1步 Phase 1第3步 Phase 3第4步Phase 4第2步 Phase 2整个过程分为4个步骤 Process broken down into 4 phases有效的温度变化程度 Gradients reached actively温度变化程度控制工艺质量和效率 Control of quality and efficiency of process regarding to gradients高效的瓶坯加热Highly Effective Temperature Gradients整个过程分为4个步骤

31、Process broken into 4 phases 热量穿至瓶坯中心部分，瓶坯外部均保持通风 Heat rays penetrate to the core, exterior of preform ventilated 效率完全控制 Efficiency fully controlled渗透性加热Heat penetrationMid Oven stabilization渗透性加热 Heat penetration末区短时温控 Short stabilizationGradients reached温度开始变化Gradients start瓶坯加热 Preform heating pr

32、ofile内部 INSIDE外部 OUTSIDE内部 INSIDE外部 OUTSIDE低气流量 LOW AIR FLOW高气流量 HIGH AIR FLOW瓶壁Bottle wallintextPreform sectionPreform sectioniext通风系统 Ventilation system风扇送风 Inlet Feeding by Turbines压力风仓 Over pressurized chambers 风量可调 Regulated feeding沿瓶坯加热炉装有匀速送风口 Uniform ventilation speed along oven banks 折光板 Re

33、flectors100%折光 S2 (100% reflection)BodyNeckwith no reflector1101100-15S2 reflectors(100% reflection)121Air Speed (m/s)internalTCexternalTC TCdifference1113114-7INFLUENCE OF REFLECTORS ON PREFORMTEMPERATURES (INTERNAL/EXTERNAL SKIN)空气循环 Air recycling (备选 optional)完全一体 Fully integrated 有助于对瓶坯温度作细微调整He

34、lp to fine tune preform temperature自动控制 Automatic control小范围Small range中等范围及大范围 Medium range & Big range转子 Spindles保护瓶口 Neck protection结晶和非结晶瓶口均可与转子配合工作 Spindles can accept both crystallized and amorphous neck finish在加工非结晶瓶口时,由于热定型瓶坯加热炉的热量较标准加热炉的热量大,会对坯口产生多项热应力. In case of an amorphous neck finish,

35、several thermal stresses are caused by the nature of the process: heat-conditioning is more intense than in the standard process转子配有散热装置并可通风 Spindle bodies are equipped with radiators and are ventilated改进后的散热装置抑制了过量加热的风险 The risk of over-heating is limited by the improved heat exchange瓶口得到很好的保护 Prev

36、ention of any rise in neck temperature 在瓶坯加热炉的出口设有3台温度监测仪 3 temperature control cameras on the preform at the oven outfeed温度监测仪监测以下3个部位的温度:支撑环下,坯身,坯底 Temperature measurement on the neck amorphous neck), on the body and the base监测仪将数据反馈给灯管温度调节装置 Feedback on lamp control from the heat units温差在1度以内 Pro

37、cess temperature control to within one degree温度控制 Temperature control59克瓶坯 - 4.1毫米厚 59g preform - 4.1mm thick瓶坯对水分的吸收Water absorption in preforms 22C 湿度 50% at 22C - 50% RH Influence of water on I.R.absorptionCalorimetric Temp. (C)Camera 600 ppm101.8113.21400 ppm104.7114.23600 ppm106.6113.2瓶坯在同样条件下重

38、新加热 Preforms reheated in the same conditionsTemp. (C)11028060160010020030040050014003600Moisture absorption (ppm)Volume increase / 500ppm preforms (ml)lubricant effectextra IR absorption41克瓶坯 - 4.1毫米厚41g preform - 4.1 mm thick0 ppm1400ppm3600ppm吸湿对气泡的影响Incidence of moisture pick-up on free blow bubb

39、les吸湿的结论Conclusion on moisture pick-up西得乐的专门研究和取得的经验表明 Specific studies carried out by Sidel and experience are showing :1000至1500 ppm的湿度甚至有助于 1000 to 1500 ppm of moisture are even of some help in :瓶坯的重新加热 Preform reheat结晶 Crystallization kinetics应力的释放 Stress annealing不能控制瓶坯的温度比水的润滑作用对瓶坯的影响更为严重 A la

40、ck of control in preform temperature is a lot worse than the lubricant effect of water瓶坯的性能只有在恶劣的吸湿条件下放置6个月后才会下降Preforms characteristics are only dropping after a 6 months storage in bad moisture conditions良好及合理的存储条件 (FIFO,PE袋等)足以确保瓶坯质量的一致Good and reasonable storage conditions (FIFO, PE bags, .) are

41、 enough to ensure a constant preform quality瓶子的吹制 Bottle blowing吹塑 Blow-molding热模 Hot molds中央控制系统 / 数据处理控制系统 (备选)P.C.C. reading / Statistical Process Control (option)吹嘴 Blow nozzle空气冷却 Air cooling标准吹塑曲线 Standard blowing curve优化的循环时间 Optimized cycle time温度控制 Temperature control多样性(HR/HPR/CSD) Versati

42、lity HR / HPR / CSD陈化概念 Aging concept吹 塑 Blow-moldingSBO二代吹塑转轮 SBO Series2 blow wheel根据连续轮转机械运动原理,将螺线阀与机械命令相结合 Combination of solenoid valve control with mechanical command and control, based on continuous rotary kinematics吹塑转轮的特点 Blow wheel features 方型模具支撑架适用于吹制最大容量为2升的耐热瓶，与CSD模心和方型模具兼容（最高速度1200瓶/小

43、时/模） Square GUPMs up to 2 L HR bottles, CSD shell and square mold compatible (up to 1200 bph/mold)圆型模具支撑架适用于吹制最大容量为0.6升的瓶子,与CSD模心兼容 (最高速度1530瓶/小时/模) Round GUPMs up to 0,6 L bottles, CSD shell mold compatible (up to 1530 bph /mold)热模吹塑及空气冷却 Hot molds and air-cooling优化的输送装置和模具驻留时间 Optimized transfers

44、and mold residence time热模 Hot molds模具表面温度达135 to 145 C（模温机达145至155 C) 135 to 145 C on the mold surface (about 145 to 155C on heat regulator)温控的油管 Temperature-controlled oil circuit带有安全关闭系统的快速热油连接Quick oil connection with safety closing system快速更换（模具） Easy change over (shell mold) 受热时，分子链的结构重新调整以达到较低

45、的应力水平。When heat energy is added, the structure of the molecular chains is rearranged to reach lower stress levels. 中央控制系统 （备选）P.C.C. Control (optional)由中央控制系统集中控制吹瓶及温度Blowing & temperature control are centralized on the P.C.C.吹 嘴 Blow nozzle在吹塑过程中，瓶口始终在罩式吹嘴的保护之下而不会 变形。吹嘴的两步式嵌入使瓶坯取中定位和安全脱模效果更佳。To avo

46、id deformation, neck remains under isobaric condition during blowing. 2 steps movements allow better centering and holding during stripping.空气冷却 Air cooling空气冷却功能由中央控制系统激活。Air cooling is activated from the P.C.C.确保吹塑过程的稳定和最后的收缩。 Insure stabilization and shrinkage at the end of the blowing process.避免

47、了瓶子的粘黏现象。 Avoid bottle sticking phenomena. 空气冷却通过瓶子内部的拉伸杆完成Stretch rod enables air-cooling inside the bottle低压空气（10巴）由拉伸杆导入 Low-pressure (10b) fresh air inlet through the stretch rod拉伸杆上有多个冷却空气排放孔，可对关键部位进行局部冷却 Rod is multi punched to localize cooling on critical areas空气冷却 AIR COOLING排气 EXHAUST主要吹塑 M

48、AIN BLOW预吹 PREBLOW时间 TIME压缩空气 P40巴 40 b单轮工艺典型的吹塑曲线Typical Blowing Curve for One Wheel Process812巴812b主要的活动 Main movements:模具开合 mold opening / closing模具上锁与解锁 mold locking / unlocking 吹嘴的上下运动 blow nozzle up/down预吹 pre-blow主要吹塑 main blow空气冷却 air cooling最终的排气 final exhaust优化的循环时间 Optimized cycle time考虑到

49、最为恶劣的灌装条件（连线或非连线），吹瓶机可以进行优化。为提高循环用时，吹瓶速度将降低，结晶度增加，应力降低。In order to achieve most severe filling condition (in or off-line), blow molding machine can be optimized. Output rate will be reduced to improve cycle time, increasing crystallinity level and reducing stress. 优化的机械运动 optimized kinematics不同的时间限定

50、 different timingSBO一代吹瓶机series 1 type不变 unchanged为优化生产，拉伸凸轮需要更换 In case of optimization, stretch cam has to be changed43,30272,7044,000,462,870,4641,8018,9018,9050,300,440,200,200,5336.80287.1036.503.020.390.38182.2047,901.920,50SBO20标准热定型设备的用时表（950瓶/小时/模）Timing chart of the SBO 20 standard HR 950B

51、/H/M 主要吹塑Main blow空气冷却 Air cooling最终的排气Final exhaust死角 Dead angle模具锁住Mold locked预吹Preblow吹嘴降落Nozzle down22,40301,100,243,170,3830,30285,7044,000,323,010,4626,8018,9047,9018,9050,300,280,200,200,5336,50197.202.070,50主要吹塑Main blow空气冷却Air cooling最终的排气Final exhaust死角 Dead angle模具锁住Mold locked预吹Preblow吹嘴

52、降落Nozzle down优化的SBO20热定型设备的用时表（950瓶/小时/模）Timing chart of the SBO 20 optimized HR 950 B/H/M多样性(HR/CSD/HPR)Versatility HR / CSD /HPRSBO二代吹瓶设备具有高度灵活性，可从一个品种转到生产另一个品种。因为 Experience the high flexibility of our series 2 blower to switch from one bottle application to the other. With:水环路的快速更换连接系统（带气密装置）。快速

53、可靠，省时节能。 Quick change connectors on hydraulics circuits (equipped with self obturator device). Fast and reliable, to save time and energies. 模具可快速方便的拆卸 Shell molds for quick and easy handling. 所有个性化部件均配有快速更换系统（转子、转轮、导轨、机械手、拉伸 杆、底模等）Quick change system on all personalization parts (spindles, wheels,

54、guides, grippers, stretch rods, base molds, .). 中央控制系统控制冷却功能的开启和关闭。只需按触摸屏上的按键即可。 P.C.C. control for enabling /disabling cooling feature. By single pressure on a button in the touch screen. 生产工艺的配置 Process configuration: 将工艺程序从硬盘下载到控制面板上（红外加热炉、吹瓶、速度、循环时间等）download process recipes from hard disk to P.

55、L.C. (I.R. oven, blowing, speed, cycles times,.).陈化概念 Aging ConceptPET的吸湿性 Hygroscopic nature of PETPET的吸水量 Water uptake by PET润滑作用 Lubricating effect水分子增强了PET分子链的相对运动 Water molecules enhance the relative movement of the molecular chains of PET对瓶子的作用 Consequences on bottle behavior润滑作用增强了驻留应力的自然释放 T

56、he lubricating effect enhances the natural release of the residual induced stress收缩现象 Phenomenon of contraction热定型瓶的性能 Heat set bottle performance必须知道吸水条件 Water uptake conditions must be known瓶子的设计 Bottle design专有技术 Know-how瓶坯和瓶子的特性 Preform & bottle characteristics真空现象 Vacuum phenomena瓶坯和瓶子设计的专有技术Pr

57、eform and Bottle design know-how包括PET瓶在内的所有的服务均在同一地点进行：瓶子的设计，专用设备上的可行性实验，实验室，模具车间 All the services involving the bottle PET are combined on a single site: bottle design, feasibility testing on dedicated machines, test laboratory, mold shop20年的经验和专有技术,每年设计和开发的瓶坯和瓶子超过3000。 20 years experience and know

58、-how. Design and development of more than 3,000 preforms and bottles each year生产的优化 Optimization of production瓶子性能的优化Optimization of container performance characteristics优化的瓶坯 Optimized preforms 减少双向拉伸比率 Reduced bi-orientation rate瓶身 Body瓶身结构抗静压 Structure withstands hydrostatic pressure 可调式瓶壁防止负压变形

59、Adjustable panels absorb deformation瓶子腰部和加强筋防止椭变 Waists and ribs prevent ovalization 瓶底 Base加强筋防止抗压能力较低区域的变形 (非充碳液体的热灌装和巴氏灭菌)Ribs prevent the deformation of areas of low-resistance (hot filling and pasteurization for no-carbonated liquids)根据应力水平采用花瓣底或球形底 (充碳液体的巴氏灭菌)Petalod or spherical base dependin

60、g on the stress level (pasteurization of carbonated liquids)瓶口 Neck厚度增加 Greater thickness结晶坯口或嵌入耐热坯口 Crystallized neck or heat-resistant insert瓶坯和瓶子的特性Preform and bottle characteristics 热灌装 Hotfilling 瓶颈空气 Head space = 高百分比蒸气 high % steam 冷却 Cooling down 收缩 Shrinkage + 蒸气凝缩Steam condensation 热灌装 Hot