专题062022年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇B篇-高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练原卷版

1、专题06 2022年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇+B篇2022年高考 英语真题深度解析与变式训练原卷版教育部教育考试院：2022年高考英语全国卷试题评析（摘要）2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是 核心，平稳是关键”的原那么，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步加强对学 生德智体美劳全面开展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。考宣学科关键能力，服务落实双减”政策2.1 深化基础，注重能力，引导教学减量提质英语试卷对接高中英语课程标准要求，强化对基础语言知识和文化知识的理解和掌握

2、，注重考查考生在牢固 掌握语言知识基础上的综合语言运用能力，引导中学英语教学重视学生语言能力的提高。英语科试卷在真实、地道的英语语境中考查基础语言知识和文化知识，使用的题型有完形填空、语法填空和 短文改错等。这些题型要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，关注具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章 结构之间的联系，考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用情况。阅读题重视对文本精细阅读的考查， 尤其强调对语篇关键信息的理解和推断能力。深化基础性考查旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语 音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，同时引导学生学会在不同的语境中理解语篇所表达的主题意义, 建

3、构结构化知识，内化所学语言知识和文化知识，具备一定的语言意识和英语语感。英语科试卷注重关键能力考查，尤其强化对阅读理解和书面表达等关键能力的考查阅读题设置考查作者观 点或态度、语篇主旨要义等高阶思维能力的试题，要求考生运用批判性思维和辩证思维深入思考文章主题和思 想内涵，根据语篇内容进行逻辑推理并通过归纳和概括作答，对考生的语言运用能力提出很高要求。注重关键 能力考查旨在引导学生通过听、说、读、看、写等英语学习方式和实践活动，灵活运用所学语言知识，提高英语 语言综合运用能力。：A篇节选自2014年到2015年发行的英国威尔士卡迪夫城市旅游手册。旅游嘛，当然有吃有喝有玩，这本手 册上推荐了卡迪夫

4、当地几个特色的演出剧场。藏得很深，不过被我们找到了。文章链接：语篇解读关键词theatre, entertainment主旨概要本文主要介绍了英国威尔士加的夫城的四个剧院及各自的特色。百科知识Cardiff：加的夫，又译卡迪夫，威尔士首府，威尔士最大的城市。加的夫坐洛于威尔士南部海岸， 原本是一个小镇，至19世纪成为威尔士主要港口，以运送煤炭到各主要工业重镇为主。20世纪In 2020, CAC GALLERIES offer the citys hottest new rental spaces for your next meeting, or special event.Capacity

5、: 300 (reception style)Hours: Early mornings and evenings 4 hours minimumPrice: January-April $ 1,000 per hourMay-December $ 1,200 per hour (Sun.-Tue.) $ 1,500 per hour (Wed.-Sat.)Details:When you rent the CAC galleries, youH have private access to more than 8,000 square feet of interactive (交互的) ga

6、lleries on two floors. Your guests will love the opportunity to explore all the CACs exhibitions at their own pace and making a tour to the Buck Atrium and Lobby. This open space on the first floor has enough room for a bar and a few cocktail tables.The CAC Galleries rental includes the Chicago Gall

7、ery on the first floor, which features the impressive Chicago City Model Experience, as well as the Drake Skyscraper Gallery on the second floor, with supersized models of famous skyscrapers. Wonderful views of the Chicago River and icons like Tribune Tower and the Wrigley Building can be seen throu

8、gh 40-foot-tall windows. The second floor also includes the Usher Lambe Rotating Gallery, with regularly changing exhibits. Hosting your event in the CACs exhibit spaces is truly a memorable experience.Payment Policies:A non-refundable, 50% deposit (定金)of the total cost is due when submitting the re

9、ntal contract. Full payment must be made no later than six weeks ahead of the event.Security is required for all rentals taking place outside the CACs normal business hours. The cost of security is based on the number of attendees and number of hours the space is rented. Contact food forthoughtarchi

10、 for more information.During which of the following time does renting CAC GALLERIES cost most?A. Wednesdays in February. B. Thursdays in June.C. Sundays in October.D. Tuesdays in November.What is the main attraction on the first floor?A. Tribune Tower Model. B. Drake Skyscraper Gallery.C.

11、 Chicago City Model. D. Usher Lambe Rotating Gallery.When signing the rental contract, what should you do?A. Take back the depositB. Buy a security serviceC. Pay half of the total cost D. Make sure full payment is made21-23-7【高考真题】（2019全国III卷）Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choos

12、e to stay in a hostel (旅社).The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, youll often get to stay in a central location （位置）with security and comfort.Yellow HostelIf I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. Its

13、one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. Its affordable, and its got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, its close to the main train station.Hostel Alessandro PalaceIf you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro

14、Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. Theres also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.Youth Station HostelIf youre looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth St

15、ation. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesnt charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.Hotel and Hostel Des ArtistesHotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 1 O-minute w

16、alk from the central city station and its close to all of the citys main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.What is probably the major concern

17、of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?A. Comfort. B. Security.C. Price.D. Location.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.C. Youth Station Hostel.D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel D

18、es Artistes?A. It gets noisy at night.B. Its staff is too talkative.C. It charges for Wi-Fi.D, Its inconveniently located.教育部教育考试院：2022年高考英语全国卷试题评析（摘要）2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是 核心，平稳是关键”的原那么，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步加强对学 生德智体美劳全面开展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。1.

19、3关注时代开展，引导培养核心素养英语科试卷通过选择具有时代特征的语篇，倡导学生养成独立思考的学习习惯，培育乐于探究的科学精神， 构建友好互助的人际关系。英语科试卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖 税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的 能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言开展的研究及与捉迷藏 相关的儿童心理开展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究工程、勇 救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼

20、此关爱的和谐人际关系。B篇带有典型的BBC探索神秘大自然的风格，文章就是来自BBC Earth发表于2018年的一篇杂志文章。【原卷24-27题】知识点说明文动物物种类阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。Goffins cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in

21、 the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a ykeyhole“ in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped keys to choose from. Insert

22、ing the correct “key” would let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical （对称的）shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a speci

23、fic direction before it will fit is called an allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffins cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This

24、 indicates that Goffins cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues （线索），or also use a sense of touch

25、 in making their shape selections.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?A. By following instructions.B. By using a tool.C. By turning the box around.D. By removing the lid.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?A. Using a key to unloc

26、k a door.B. Telling parrots from other birds.C. Putting a ball into a round hole.D. Grouping toys of different shapes.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?How far they are able to see.How they track moving objects.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.Whether they use a s

27、ense of touch in the test.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Cockatoos: Quick Error CheckersB. Cockatoos: Independent LearnersC. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersC. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cockatoos: Skilful Sh叩e-Sorters关键词 cockatoo, skilful, shape-recognition关键词 cockatoo, skilf

28、ul, shape-recognition语篇解读主旨概要 本文为说明文。通过实验发现，澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力相当于两岁的人 类幼儿。澳大拉西亚，一般指大洋洲的一个地区，包括澳大利亚、新西兰和邻近的太平洋岛屿。百科知识 戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉，又名戈氏凤头鹦鹉、小白巴丹，体长约32厘米,是体型最小的白色凤头鹦鹉之一，外表惹人喜爱，说话能力强，亲人、爱玩、聪明，它们会寻找碎木块用喙撕咬成自己想要的形状,用来获取食物。原文出处选自Magzter （数字杂志商店）BBC Earth名为Cockatoos Are Skilful Shape-Sorters的文章。网站链接语言知识shape

29、-recognition n 合成词形状识别;keep v 熟词生义供养，饲养；keyhole n 合成词锁眼,钥匙孔（key + hole）； shaped adj 分词形容词具有（或呈）形状的；insert v 新课标删减词重难点词学术词插入，嵌入；recognize / recognise v 一词多义认出，识别出；specific adj 学术词特有的，特定的（近particular）； allocentric adj 派生词非自我中心的，异中心型的；alone adj仅仅,只；trial-and-error n 合成词反复试验,不断摸索；indicate v 学术词说明,显示；pos

30、sess v新课标删减词具有（特质）；entirely adv 新课标增加词全部地，完全地（近completely）； unlockv 派生词（用钥匙）开的锁（un- + lock）； group v 名词动化把分类/分组；follow-upadj 合成词进一步的；track v 名词动化跟踪,追踪；shape-sorter n 合成词形状归类员重点词块（be） native to源于的，原产于；present sb with sth向某人提供某物；geometric shape几何形状；let out放出，放走；frame of reference （影响人理解和判断事物的）参照系；in m

31、ost cases在大多数情况下；visual recognition视觉识别；work out把弄清楚；rely on依靠，依赖;a senseof touch 触觉；make a selection 做出选择;following instructions 按照指示;turn sth around 翻转某物；tell sth from sth 区分和；find out about sth 查明，弄清（情况）This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before i

32、t will fit is called an allocentric frame of reference?.长难句分 析句意：这种能够认识到需要将某个形状朝特定方向转动才能装进的能力被称为“异中心参照系”。 本句为主从复合句。句子的主干局部为 This ability is called an allocentric frame of reference. 。 to recognize that a shape . before it will fit作后置定语修饰ability,其中包含一个由that引导的宾语从句，作 recognize的宾语，而这个从句中又包含一个由before引导的

33、状语从句。说明文解题指导说明文八大常见命题点一、段首、段尾处常考无论是议论文还是说明文，一篇文章往往分成儿个局部或层次进行说明和论证，每个段落一般都是一个局部 或者一个层次。英美作者写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该 段落的主旨句，也是出题的重点区域。二、句意转折处常考文章的转折处也是表达作者观点和文章主题的地方.，作者经常会通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提 出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到 转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but, yet（句首），

34、however, though, on the contrary, by contrast, instead, still （句首），as a matter of fact, in fact 等。三、比照、比拟处常考另外，作者也经常把两个事物、两件事实、两种观点进行比照，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示比照的一 些标志t生词语有 unlike, by contrast, in comparison, becompared with等。命题者常对比照的双方属性进行考查。比方文章中说“甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，那乙有 何属性？ ”答：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他考点中。

35、四、因果关系处常考因果逻辑关系也很受高考英语命题者的青睐，因为因果关系阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作 者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需 要注意区分实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：because, as , for,since,because of, due to, as a result of, result from, thanks to, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result in, cau

36、se, lead to, contributet。等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这 个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。五、举例说明处常考一般的议论文和说明文都需要一些例子来支持作者的论证和说明，这些例子往往与作者的论述和说明有很大 的关联，考纲中明确提出考生需要掌握区分论点与论据的能力，因此这也成了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章 中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take .as an example, such as, like等。 考生要牢记一般文章举例处的前后句就是与

37、该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源, 寻找论点，才能保证所选答案的正确性。六、特殊标点处常考英文中主要使用逗号和句号，文中一旦出现一些特殊的标点符号，通常都会表达作者的特殊意图，因此特殊的标点符号处也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉:冒号冒号的出现有两大作用后面内容或者用来解释说明前面抽象的内容;或者是对前面内容的总 结。不管是解释还是总结，出现冒号通常要重点选读冒号后面的内容。括号括号内的内容通常用来解释或强调括号前面的内容，我们在平时的学习过程中见到括号一般都跳 过，但是在英语中通常会把要强调的内容放在括号中，因此要认真仔细分析。破折号破

38、折号后面的内容通常表示对前面内容的解释说明或补充，说明此处信息至关重要。但要注意， 两个破折号的作用通常为插入语，就不再是重点信息了。七、结论建议处常考一般情况下出现the research indicates, the report suggests等类似的结论建议性表达方式时,说明此处为文中 提及的实验和研究的结果或作者要说明论证的结果。出题者通常不会考查实验和研究的过程，而将注意力放在结 论和结果上，因此阅读过程中要格外注意这些表达的出现。八、观点态度处常考文章中作者对于某人或某事物的观点或态度，以及文章中涉及的其他人或组织机构的观点或态度也常受出题 人的青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现表达

39、观点态度的词语的地方，以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式（祈使句、 感叹句、反问句等）。说明文变式训练24-27-1【基础】Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws（ JK ）on its wings when young. They build their homes ab

40、out 4.6 m above the river, an important feature （特征）for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes

41、, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak（喙），they can climb abou

42、t in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lost their claws.the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20:00, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together i

43、n smaller living units of two seven birds for producing purposes.24.What is the test mainly about?A.Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B.The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C.Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D.The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.Yong hoatzins are different from t

44、heir parents in that.A.they look like young cuckoos.B.they have claws on the wingsC.they eat a lot like a cowD.they live on river banks.What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A.They had claws to help them climb.B.They could fly long distancesC.They had four wings like hoatzins.D.They

45、had a head with long feathers on the top. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A.To find more food.B.To protect themselves better.C.To keep themselves warm.D.To produce their young.24-27-2【基础】When ”Rise of the Planet of the Apes was first shown to the public

46、 last month, a group of excited animal activistsgathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they werent there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: Thanks for not using real apes （猿）!”The

47、 creative team behind Apes used motion-capture （动作捕捉）technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor9s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image （图像）. In this case, one of a realistic-looking

48、 ape.Yet Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofitorganization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000productions this year. Already, a number of films, including Water for

49、 Elephants, The Hangover Part II nandHZookeeper,n have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them havent been treated properly.In some cases, its not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists womed; its theoff-set training and living conditio

50、ns that areraising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside theStates, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?A. To see famous film stars.B. To oppose wearing fur coats.C. To rai

51、se money for animal protection.D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. The cost of making ,Apes.,B. The creation of digitalized apes.C. The publicity aboutCApes.nD. The performance ofreal apes.What does the underlined phrase keeping tabs onn in paragraph 3

52、probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?A. They may be badly treated.B. They should take further training.C.They could be traded illegally.D. They would lose populari

53、ty.24-27-3【巩固】A Duke University-led study finds that bottlenose dolphins burn calories at a lower rate as they get older, just like humans do. Its the first time that scientists have measured an age-related metabolic（新陈代谢的）slowdown in another large-bodied species besides humans, said the first autho

54、r Rebecca Rimbach.Rimbach has studied energy consumption in animals ranging from mice to monkeys. But data on the inner workings of sea animals such as dolphins and whales have been scant, she says. Thats because these ocean animals are difficult to catch fbr repeated measurement. It can be very tri

55、cky to get the animal back when you need it J Rimbach said.The researchers studied 10 bottlenose dolphins aged 10 to 45 living at two sea animal centers. To measure their average daily metabolic rates, the researchers used the “doubly labeled water method. It involved getting the dolphins to drink a

56、 few pounds of water with “heavy forms of hydrogen and oxygen put in, and then following how long they took to force them out. Carers collected the dolphins blood and analyzed the levels of heavy hydrogen and oxygen atoms（原 子）in it. Thus, the team was able to count how much carbon dioxide （CO2） the

57、dolphins produced each day, and then how many calories they were burning as they went about their lives.The scientists found the oldest dolphins in the study, both in their 40s, used 22% to 49% fewer calories each day than expected for their body weight. And similar to humans, more of those calories

58、 ended up as fat rather than muscle. Dolphins in their 40s had body fat percentages that were 2.5 times higher than the under-20 dolphins5. It wasnt for lack of exercise and it wasnt because theyre eating too much, Rimbach said. It was related to metabolic aging.The researchers said such work could

59、uncover factors besides diet and lifestyle that caused age-related weight gain in people. Further studies into this commonality we share with dolphins may help us understand why our metabolism slowsas we age J said co-author Hannah Salomons.What does the underlined word “scant“ in Paragraph 2 probab

60、ly mean?A. Detailed.B. Strange.C. Rare.D. Different.Why did the carers collect dolphins blood during the research?A. To better know about their oxygen demand.B. To figure out the amount of burntcalories.C. To analyze the main content of the blood.D. To check the health condition of dolphins.What is