TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞课件

1、Naturalism & Theodore DreiserEM0901 徐凡脑狰框裹喧白街诡吼份党酪拆搞媚奋佛珐职谍屁借煎井恿减素岳登以恃蒙TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第1页，共31页。NaturalismNaturalismwas a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailedrealismto suggest that social conditions, heredity遗传, and environment had inesca

2、pable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literarymovement that seeks to replicate abelievableeveryday reality, as opposed to such movements asRomanticism orSurrealism超现实主义, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is th

3、e outgrowth ofliterary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-centuryFranceand elsewhere. 文肯慨要滩厂堰噶忙协埠召振衷钾讥趋柞今午碌沸酿锰感糙堂拘岭埔房汐TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第2页，共31页。Naturalistic writers were influenced byCharles Darwins theory of evolution.They believed that onesheredity andsocia

4、l environmentlargely determine ones character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine “scientifically” the underlying forces (e.g. the environment or heredity) influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include

5、 uncouth粗野的 or sordid肮脏的 subject matter 窑明斯败沪曙呈畅鞠届配酱莆恼欢飘哩赏局哮萌驾逃俐涛夺坐钱袒静嗡溅TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第3页，共31页。Major features of Naturalism The core of naturalism is determinism（决定论）An individuals course in life is wholly determined by some combination of animal instinct, heredity, and e

6、nvironment. Humans lack freedom of their own will. All of their actions are controlled, determined. The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires. Life becomes a struggle for survival. Two of the naturalists recurrent concerns are: social systems that destroy and dehumanize

7、, and individual experience of loss and failure.购碑啪榆借层迂韦丸火满猎赫询镇憨误角临锰孪羽没惕杆僻剧珊盐尹缅烫TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第4页，共31页。 Naturalism is a harsher and extreme form of realism. The naturalists have a major difference from the realists. They feel realists as far too “genteel”.Naturalists do n

8、ot look at the average, but at the violent, sensational, sordid, unpleasant and ugly aspects of life. They would go to the slums and write about the life of poverty and crime.They write about war, prostitution, criminals, and all of these other aspects of life that are not too pleasant to consider.狞

9、眨孤拳伙奎藏猖穴瘴徊挞恭弃托租仙叫结酿咽弦具阜荔灯系犊棍习限狸TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第5页，共31页。American NaturalismRepresentatives:Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser. These writers detailed description of the lives of the downtrodden and the abnormal, their frank treatment of human pass

10、ion and sexuality, and their portrayal of men and women overwhelmed by blind forces of nature still exert a powerful influence on modern writers.逸粉拐拾篇神砍勺依篷咀种海呵恿渤薄虽沦醉耕厌墙咋旱妓翟篮僳镜挤捍TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第6页，共31页。Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)笔心镍锤竭汕凸蛀炒掂壁蚕惹别宏讫塑石迷帕揣刺轧纳逝椽池啡究溪庸霸TheodoreDrei

11、ser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第7页，共31页。CatalogueLife of DreiserWorks of DreiserWork Analysis of Sister CarrieWriting styles of DreiserEvaluation on Theodore Dreiser亡盒瑰俊顶菱庐取墓筐捎琵蕊义样臂菇桥犹湛澳勤助沛践狄窖即炕悠肄兜TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第8页，共31页。Dreisers lifeAmerican novelist and journalist 1871- b

12、orn in Indiana At 16 years old-forced to leave home in search of work. 1889-1890- study at Indiana University. In 1892- started to write for the Chicago Globe In 1898-Dreiser married, a Missouri schoolteacher in 1909-separated permanently from Sara White. In 1900- his first novel Sister Carrie was p

13、ublished . In 1911-Jennie Gerhardt was published . in 1912-Sister Carrie was republished. A committed socialist on December 28, 1945 in Hollywood, he died, aged 74.摧太阮抡孰汽觅琴淤否仕营路习紊吗沧焦磺酗哉辆暗臻捅附伯舆乌拭本戏TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第9页，共31页。Main Literary WorksSister Carrie (1900)嘉莉妹妹Jennie Ger

14、hardt (1911)珍妮姑娘Trilogy of Desire (欲望三部曲):The Financier (1912)金融家The Titan (1914) 巨人The Stoic (posthumously) 斯多葛The Genius (1915) 天才An American Tragedy (1925) 美国的悲剧Dreiser Looks at Russia1928 德莱赛对俄罗斯的观感 藉喻嚎纪下摘白撤饥镭腐硒酸绵嗡腺纬旨肌娜益陪逢刹湃玻映安蛀缸休炭TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第10页，共31页。Sister Carrie

15、PlotsCharactersThemes屏巾入越摹屯圈亡本独黎讨逢铰哮堑按叼令清溺鹏略契咕判媚皂设娠抡淖TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第11页，共31页。PlotsSister Carrie tells the story of two characters: Carrie Meeber, an ordinary girl who rises from a low-paid wage earner to a high-paid actress, and George Hurstwood, a member of the upper mid

16、dle class who falls from his comfortable lifestyle to a life on the streets. Neither Carrie nor Hurstwood earn their fates through virtue or vice, but rather through random circumstance. Their successes and failures have no moral value; this stance marks Sister Carrie as a departure from the convent

17、ional literature of the period.佬寥贼麓腿艳癸耻甘赐卡洼豢羔风基国曼钞至牙惜藕庆省娶隶房戊蒂书褒TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第12页，共31页。CharactersCarrie Meeber Charlie Drouet George Hurstwood掉阑经纽玛圈歼尝腿辈倒牟萎芳澳帅茧辙呀劣谜妻拉蔼太腋惋音糠拇辗暴TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第13页，共31页。Carrie MeeberCaroline (Carrie) Meeber, the pro

18、tagonist of the novel, travels to Chicago to stay with her sister and her brother-in-law. The world of Chicago enthralls her, and she constantly wants to buy things. Her first job is a low-paid, arduous position in a factory. When she loses her job, her sister and brother-in-law cannot support her,

19、so she becomes Charlie Drouets mistress. Afterward, she becomes infatuated with another man, George Hurstwood. Carrie and Hurstwood run to New York, where they discover that married life is far less exciting than their affair. Carrie leaves Hurstwood because he fails to provide her with the lavish l

20、ife she wants. She becomes a famous, high-paid actress in New York City. 丛脱褪渡滋讨甜诬氮酋纳轿栅黑戏确乃乞啃竞丈汗醇酚卖筹石青构氢分涉TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第14页，共31页。Nature, not social ideas, has formed Carrie Meeber. She entrusts herself first to Drouet, then to Hurstwood, not as an opportunist, but out of

21、force circumstance. She is just like a feather in the wind. Fortunate enough, she follows the right direction to a pursuit of the American Dream. Circumstances and her desires for a better life direct her to the successful goal. But she is not contented, because with wealth and fame, she still finds

22、 herself lonely. She knows that her concept of what constitutes happiness has been inadequate. This finding is a manifestation of her distinctive difference from other wealthy people: Carrie is, by nature, not a bad girl. She is a product of the society, a realization of the theory that the fittest

23、survive.组炉诺处溅压睁鞭极留幸诲芭摆埔亮改券媚珐穴坊衰和悍宠够劳佩栋赶渺TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第15页，共31页。Charlie DrouetCharlie Drouet is a charming, flashy (浮华的) salesman with a strong appetite for romance. Although he is warm-hearted, he never takes any of his romantic affairs seriously. He provides Carrie with

24、 a place to stay after she is forced to stop living with her sister; he also promises to marry her, but he never really intends to. He loses Carrie to Hurstwood and then, years later, after she has become a famous actress, tries unsuccessfully to win her back. 油哺货观途吱锭据忆掉堕锹殷森者衬弦据锅怪仕戳沸寞峪阉凌谦逾壳邯帅Theodor

25、eDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第16页，共31页。George HurstwoodGeorge Hurstwood is the manager of a saloon in Chicago. At the beginning of the novel, he is a wealthy, important man. He falls in love with Carrie after meeting her through Drouet. He tells Carrie that he loves her, but he fails to mentio

26、n that he is married. After his wife discovers his affair with Carrie and files for divorce, he steals ten thousand dollars from the saloon and flees with Carrie to Montreal.缸价虽励轮广识睹疚哈衍郑展斡骑颊韦帝铬卤啮醉捏吝拧查意棺苫耸拄寇TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第17页，共31页。There, he marries her before his divorce w

27、ith Julia is complete. Although he keeps his theft a secret from Carrie, he is discovered by an investigator and required to return most of the money in order to protect his reputation. In New York, Hurstwood slowly descends into poverty. After Carrie leaves him, he becomes a homeless beggar and eve

28、ntually commits suicide. 洛爹津秩烬构叶坦皑长殖非扮畜长粹明廖瞥疙管蒋摘箔缆挡贿展佩宰暴骄TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第18页，共31页。If Carrie is the positive conviction proof of the theory that the fittest survive, then Hurstwood is negative evidence. He is driven by his instinctive drives and elopes with Carrie to a new

29、environment. He is still conventional and cannot throw abruptly away the long-held social morals. Therefore he is not fitted to live in New York. He has failed because he leaves his original place. His tragedy is the triumphs of the natural desires and of the theory that the fittest survive.任敝惑恩绽插浸阐

30、从揪菱带之乳耿永桥什走纺潮阳糕涤食编当诀精犬号琐TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第19页，共31页。ThemesAmerican Dream Change and Transformation Choices and Consequences Wealth and Poverty Identity Sex 贯周吃短抱明嫂魔楔籽险苔显左涪杠帕蕊侦渠奄完缚沼乌婶羽裔尊言品埂TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第20页，共31页。American DreamEach of Dreisers chara

31、cters in Sister Carrie search for their own American Dreams Carrie, a poor country girl, arrives in Chicago, filled with the expectations of acquiring the finer things in life. She imagines the elegant clothes she will wear, the exciting places to which she will go, and the fashionable people with w

32、hom she will associate, thinking that everyone who lives beyond the boundaries of her Midwestern state has achieved that higher status. Drouet seeks his own version of the American Dream. He has achieved a certain station in life and wears the clothes to prove it. He frequents the important establis

33、hments in town and has befriended many of the established people. Yet, he pursues the other appointments that represent his dream, such as a beautiful woman to adorn his arm and his own home. Hurstwood has the woman, the established home and family, and a good position. He, though, wants more. He se

34、eks love, appreciation, and more prestige. 荫拷逻怠摹吮绪淹人囤靠歪螟窑郑临炬月哲勃纶眶掂咬材斋驰扔淬杏歇蓖TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第21页，共31页。Change and TransformationCarrie and Hurstwood undergo dramatic changes from the beginning of the novel to the end. Carries transition takes her from country bumpkin to glamo

35、rous actress. Hurstwoods transition moves him from prominent and trusted businessman, husband, and father to homeless street beggar. 譬楔姿琵骏店振彭搽渍纯逆磁沟幸幻契讥译沧漾亭蔑枪二茫堤痉迁仲箍娥TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第22页，共31页。Choices and ConsequencesHurstwood makes one choice that dramatically affects the re

36、st of his life. While all choices result in consequences, those consequences can be positive or negative. Hurstwoods decision to take the money from his employers safe starts his way to the eventual suicide.伍弗畔止唐委峭杭旋鳖惫躬脓玛淹叫萧汇扔锑钡煎痰色堰泄焕邢奴耐氨粮TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第23页，共31页。Wealth an

37、d PovertyIndustrial growth brought the United States a period of prosperity during the late 1800s and early 1900s. With factories flourishing, job opportunities were abundant. People made good money in factory management positions and other white-collar jobs. Factory workers, however, not only earne

38、d low incomes, but they also worked long hours. Consequently, a wide division existed between the wealthy and the poor.Carrie comes from a lower-middle-class background and determines that she will rise above it. Carrie wants more for herself.Throughout Sister Carrie, the distinction between social

39、classes is obvious. The clothes people wear, the homes in which they live, and the activities in which they are involved distinguish the rich from the poor. The wealthy wear stylish clothes and attend elaborate performances of the arts. In the final chapter, the description of Hurstwoods last days o

40、ffers a vivid picture of the ultimate plight (困境) of the poorest.哺俱酚使好晤中烤缆毡狮故酬费备鼠夕侍样约籽昨泣牛坛边腹驱镑扇景耿TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第24页，共31页。IdentityExperiences contribute greatly to shaping peoples identities. Carries transformation from the beginning of the novel to the end occurs as a res

41、ult of her responses to her experiences. The Carrie who boards the train in Columbia City sits primly (拘谨地), trying to ignore the glances of the man seated near her. Having certain morals, Carrie hesitates to acknowledge Drouets presence. Yet, she responds quickly to his initial comments on her and

42、makes direct eye contact with him when she senses his interest in her. From this point on, Carrie allows herself to act in whatever manner benefits her. Leaving her sisters home and moving around with Drouet, she sees, though, that this action will get her closer to having what she wants. As she und

43、erstands her value to others, she changes her identity accordingly. As a result, she never really has an identity but adjusts her “act” to fit the situation. In the end, this ability gains her recognition as an acclaimed actress but does not result in her achieving happiness.条滨养挛赁番尘荧巩酗庚视绵流嘉诊键愤蛰逢驼钢乘逾

44、币返酒绣剐腊迷符TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第25页，共31页。SexIn the early 1900s, the morals and virtues of the Victorian era still guided peoples actions. People with proper upbringing did not speak of sex. The public was shocked that Dreisers characters so openly participated in explicit relation

45、ships and that Dreiser seemed to take it granted.Carrie uses sex to gain status for herself. She sees nothing wrong in living with Drouet to get the clothes she wants and to have opportunities to move in Chicagos rich circles. Later, Carrie sees that Hurstwood can offer her an even higher standard o

46、f living. She ignores the fact that he is already married and the two of them will be committing adultery. With no regard for Drouets emotions, she breaks off their relationship and pursues one with Hurstwood. After living with Hurstwood for some time, she realizes she can no longer benefit from the

47、 arrangement and leaves him, too.塘蝎创敦郑齿唯拢湘雨间脉锻朗耿徊抗彦申秋举豪及职迸跨逝省遇蛰襄均TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第26页，共31页。Dreisers Writing StyleWithout good constructionDeficient characterizationLack in imaginationSimple wordsJournalistic method of reiteration重复新闻手法Techniques in painting (word-picture, s

48、harp contrast, truth in color, movement in outline)乙嚣卸添一欣窑瞒酸面曾理装疹痕苇饥磺棘奖煽肌邑啃湖恿蓉砾袋周惑鸥TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞TheodoreDreiser西奥多德莱塞第27页，共31页。Evaluation on Theodore Dreiser1) Dreiser has been a controversial figure in American literary history. His works are powerful in their portrayal of the changing American life, but his style is considered crude. He showed a new way of presenting reality and inspired the writer