初中英语介词语法讲解(精华)

1、初中英语介词语法讲解（精华）（名师总结必考语法，建议下载背诵）是什么介词又称前置词，是一种虚词，表示名词或代词和句中其他词之间的关系。介词不能单独作句子成分，通常放在名词或代词前，构成介词短语。通常介词短 语才能做句子成分。在介词后面的名词或者代词又可以称为介词的宾语。其后若 是代词，须用宾格。分类类别例词按 形 式 分简单介词at, before, behind, for, from, in, like, of, on, to, under, with, since, by.复合介词into, inside, without, outside, within介词短语up to, ahead

2、of, because of, instead of, away from, except foIn front of, in charge of, as well as, in touch withas a result of, at the end of, under the rule of分词介词Including, considering,按息 思 分表/、地点at, on, in, under, near.表示时间at, after, on, in, during, since, until表示原因、目的for, because of, due to.表示所属或伴随of, with.

3、表示方法、手段by, in, with, without介词短语的构成与句法功能构成功能举例备注介词十名状语Hope for the best and prepare for the介词短语作定语词worst.时，要放在其中心介词+宾Danny has been working here since词之后；作状语格代词1998.时，位置比较灵介词+副定语The pears on the table are for you.活。词Help in need is help indeed.表语We are in the same boat.Good advice is beyond price.补语

4、He found himself in the hospital.All the toys are placed in order.可作介词宾语的词语词类举例备注名词、代词I have a map of the world.He came with us.1,只后在but/except几个 代词后才能用不定式作 宾语；2,作介词宾语的从句不 能用if引导，须将if换成 whether;3, That引导的从句作介 词宾语时，that通常不能 省略。动名词She is fond of singing.I m good at swimming.副词、形容词等since then, until no

5、w, before long, at once, from here, for ever, by far, in short, in general从句from what I saw短语till after supper, except on Sunday不定式She has no choice but/except to wait.Summer vacations are about to start.介词和其他词类的搭配种类例词动词+介词ask forknock at/onpoint at/toarrive at/in belong tolive onstand by/for动词+副词+介

6、词do well inbreak away fromdo away withcatch up withgo on withkeep up withadd up todrop in onget away fromget down todate back tocome up tohold on towrite back tolook forward torun out ofget out ofgo in formake up forlook down uponwork hard atget along/on with动词+名词/代词+介词catch sight offix one s eyes o

7、n/upongive a lesson tohave words withmake friends withmake fun ofmake room forpay attention tosay hello toshake hands withshow somebody aroundtake care oftake part intake the place oftake pride inremember me todevote oneself to名词+介词advice on/aboutthe answer tothe key toa chance ofan entrance toknowl

8、edge ofthe matter withobjection topay fora pity at/for/onplenty ofreturn tosuccess inthanks tothanks fora visit to名词+介词+名词arm in armback to backday after daythe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdayday by dayface to facehand in handheart to heartone by onestep by stepten to one介词+名词+介词on accoun

9、t ofat the age ofat the beginning ofin charge ofduring the course ofin favor ofin honor of somebodyin memory ofin need ofin search ofby the side ofin spite of介词+名词by accidenton dutyafter allby handwith carein no hurryon the contraryto the left/rightunder controlby this meansout of datefor sale形容词/分词

10、等+介词be absent fromaccording toafraid ofworthy ofangry with somebodyrich in/withbusy withstrict with somebody ingood atsomethingready forworried about相似、相近介词用法区别类别说明举例1.表示时问的介词表小在某较长时间内如世 纪、年代、月、季、周以及 泛指在上午、下午、晚上等 用介词inin the 20th centuryin the first weekin the evening/morning但是,at night, on/at weeke

11、nds表示在具体的某f或某大 的上午、下午、晚上、前夕， 常用onon May 1st, on Sundayson a cold morning 但是 at christmas表小在某一时刻或某一点时问用atat six/daybreak/noon/sunrise/sunsetin + 段时间+ s timewithin +段时间after 十点时间We will meet in a week s time.within 6 days=in less than 6 daysfor/during + 段时间since 十点时间There he stayed for the first two d

12、ays.She has stayed there since last year.表示地点的介词in/on 表静止位置 sit in thechairinto/onto表运动方向go/come/run/walk 后只能用 into put/jump/fall/throw 后可加 in/into go into the room fall onto the floorat the shop/station 较小地方 用in the field/China 较大地方用 on the wall/ground 在某物表 面上at the corner在拐角处（外角） in the corner在拐角里

13、（内角） on the corner在角落上 （外角 上）a hole in the wall /a picture on the wall an apple on the tree/a bird in the tree a pen on the book/words in the book地点介词的引中、比喻含义in danger/trouble/public/the same boaton business/sale/showunder construction表小方式工具的介词byhand/letter/electricity/doingby the hour/day/month/yea

14、rthe blind learn something by touching.make a living by teachinglive on riceby bus /ship/taxi/train/plane/express/telegram/e-mail/telex/airmail/fax, on footwrite within+原材料I learn English by radio.He came by car. write with a pen/pencil专项练习一、填空题Oh, my clothes are fashion. I need to buy new ones.Welc

15、ome the best restaurant in the town .Linda doesnt look very well. Im worried her.The museum is open Monday to Friday .Now Chinese teenagers have p of chances to take part in all kinds of outdooractivities.参考答案： out of, to, about, from, plenty二、单选题.My hats and tapes are.A. on the bedB. under deskC. i

16、n roomD. under the my bed. Hangzhou is known the West Lake.-Yes. I have been there twice.A. asB. forC. ofD. with.When youre invited to have dinner at home by an American friend, you should be or alittle later. Its different from our Chinese custom.A. on timeb B. on businessC. on show. Is Lara simila

17、r Tina? Yes, theyre twins （双胞胎 ）.But in some ways, they aredifferenteach other.A. with; byB. to; fromC. like; ofabout 5.You should come to school.A. in timeB. on timeC. at the same time6.In the end, we sent a Thanks-card and some flowers to Miss King.A. At lastB. At firstC. At once7.Where do Tom and John sit ?D. as;D. all the timeD. At presentTom sits of the room and John sits of the room.A. in front; at backB. in the front; at the backC. in front; at the backD. in the front; at back.The radio says that a terrible traffic accident happened sometime 8 a.m.10a.