英语中的语气（陈述、疑问、祈使、虚拟语气）讲义-高三英语一轮复习

1、英语中的语气表达.陈述语气用于陈述事实或提出看法。We are not ready.我们没准备好。He did very well in the examination.他考得很好。She heard the front door shut.她听见大门给关上了。.疑问语气用于提出问题。Where do you come from?你是哪里人？Why are you so nervous?你为什么这样紧张？What did you do that for?你做这个干什么？祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。Open the door, please.请翻开门。Come and sit

2、on the sofa.来坐在沙发上。Hurry up!赶快！3虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。If I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed!祝您成功!If you had been here yesterday,you would have seen him.昨天你如果在这儿，你就见到他了。真实条件句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。真实条件句真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来 时。If it

3、rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就待在家里。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果他们听到关于他的任何消息，他们就会让我们知道。一、非真实条件句（一）非真实条件*表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语 气。.表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：lf+主语+动词一般过去时（be动词用were）主句：ia+should/would/might/could+doIf I were you, I would take a

4、n umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的 号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。（事实：地球上既有空气也有水）If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）If he s

5、tudied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）If I were you， Id wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。（事实：我并不是你）.表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：lf+主语+had+done主句：4in+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）If he had taken my adv

6、ice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）.表示与将来事实相反从句：if+主语+were to do if+主语+should+doif+主语+动词般过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+d。If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）If there were a heavy snow next Sund

7、ay, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能）If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 二、非真实条件句（二）L错综条件句虚拟条件句中，如果主句和从句的谓语动作假设不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的 调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。（1）从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与正在发生.的事实不符。If I had worked hard at

8、school, I would be an engineer now.如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在就是一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。（2）从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们就已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定

9、会去问候她了。2.含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式 表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without， butfor（要不是因为）等。But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number, ot

10、herwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的 号码，否那么我们就会给他打 。特别提示（1）当从句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序， 即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他容许去的话，我们就派他去了。Were she here she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。（2）有时，虚拟条件语气的从句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的