全新版大学英语综合教程4(第二版)unit1

1、B R _ mainPre-reading Task Background Information When talking about “nature”,which word will turn up in your mind?magicmagnificentmarvelousmysteriousbut on the other hand,maybe you can think of some natural disasters Such as.Avalanchevolcano雪崩，山崩typhoondroughttornado tsunamiWhile nature is colorful

2、, diverse, splendid, wonderful, mysterious, magic, and beautiful, sometimes it is still _ , even _ . disastrousdestructive or devastating Discussion: Man and nature, which is more powerful?Group A: list instances where man conquers nature. Group B: come up with cases where the forces of nature are t

3、oo powerful to be resisted. the artificial rainfall the landing on the mooninstances where man conquers nature三峡大坝 Three Gorges Dam flood earthquake.cases where the forces of nature are too powerful to be resisted tsunami.The 2004 Indian Ocean TsunamiDiscussion: Man and nature, which is more powerfu

4、l?Man can change nature in order to live in a better condition. Widely-accepted:Man could be better adapted to the nature Man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature. We should fight with the nature instead of fighting against the nature.So,Man changes nature in order to live in a b

5、etter condition. However, man must also be careful not to disregard the laws of nature. When Napoleon and Hitler finally realized their arrogance, it was too late. B R _ mainNapoleon Bonaparte World War II B R _ Napoleon Bonaparte _main Napoleon Bonaparte A Brief Introduction to Napoleon BonaparteNa

6、poleons ChronologyThe Battle of WaterlooNapoleons Campaign Emperor of the French, who consolidated and institutionalized many _ of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he _ the larger part of Europe. During 1802 1815 Napoleon tried to _ the whole of Europe. He

7、had great success against all his enemies except _, whose navy under Nelson defeated the French navy_ at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and whose army _ the Peninsular War against him from 1808 to 1814, making him _ in his other campaigns. B R _ 3_1A Brief Introduction to Napoleon BonaparteNapoleo

8、n Bonaparte (17691821)B R _ 3_2In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he_ Russia in winter, and in 1814 the British, Russians, Prussians and Austrians _ Paris. They sent Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, but he _ an army around him and returned to Paris. He was soon _

9、again, at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and was sent to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic, where he died in 1821. Emperor of the French, who consolidated and institutionalized many _ of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he _ the larger part of

10、 Europe. During 1802 1815 Napoleon tried to _ the whole of Europe. He had great success against all his enemies except _, whose navy under Nelson defeated the French navy_ at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and whose army _ the Peninsular War against him from 1808 to 1814, making him _ in his other

11、 campaigns. B R _ 3_1A Brief Introduction to Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte (17691821)reformsconqueredgain control ofBritainnavyfoughtweakerB R _ 3_2In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he_ Russia in winter, and in 1814 the British, Russians, Prussians and Austrians _ Paris. They sent

12、 Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, but he _ an army around him and returned to Paris. He was soon _ again, at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and was sent to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic, where he died in 1821. invadedenteredcollecteddefeatedB R _ 3_1.1_pop1

13、French RevolutionB R _ 3_1.1_pop2 Nelson B R _ 3_1.1_pop3The Battle of TrafalgarB R _ 3_1.1_pop4The Peninsular WarB R _ 3_1.1_pop4The Battle of WaterlooB R _ 3_1.1_pop4The Island of St. HelenaB R _ 3_2_1.1Napoleons Chronology DateEventAugust 15, 1769 Born in Ajaccio, Corsia. April 1796 Italian campa

14、ign began.May 1798 Bonapartes Egyptian campaign began War of the Second Coalition. MayJune 1800 Bonapartes second Italian campaign.May 1804 Referendum proclaimed Bonaparte as hereditary Emperor.B R _ 3_2_1.2Napoleons Chronology DateEventDecember 2, 1804 The pope was brought to Paris for his coronati

15、on in Notre Dame. June 1812 Invasion of Russia.September 7, 1812 Battle of Borodino. October 1812 Retreat from Moscow began. January 1814 Allies crossed the Rhine. B R _3_2_ 1.3DateEventMarch 31, 1814 Paris fell.April 6, 1814 Napoleon abdicated.March 20, 1815 Napoleon escaped from Elba and returned

16、to Paris. June 18, 1815 Battle of Waterloo. May 5, 1821 Napoleon died on Saint Helena. B R _ 3_1.1_pop4B R _ 3_1.1_pop4B R _ 3_1.1_pop4B R _ 3_1.1_pop4B R _ 3_1.1_pop4B R _ 3_1.1_pop4B R _ 3_2_2.1The Battle of Waterloo The Battle of Waterloo is the final and decisive action of the Napoleonic Wars, w

17、hich effectively ended French domination of the European continent and brought about drastic changes in the political boundaries and the power balance of Europe. Fought on June 18, 1815, near Waterloo, in what is now Belgium, the battle ranks as a great turning point in modern history. B R _ 3_2_2.1

18、The Battle of WaterlooB R _3_2_2.2 Napoleons Campaign While allies in name, France and Russia were never real friends. Russias economy was being hurt by Napoleon Bonapartes Continental System that banned trade with Britain and internal pressures forced Tsar Alexander to turn a blind eye to those who

19、 broke it. Bonaparte decided to bring the Russians back into line and gathered a Grand Army of more than 500,000 men including contingents from all Frances allies to frighten them. Bonaparte left the army on December 5 to return to Paris where a coup had been foiled and to raise another army. His tr

20、oops dragged themselves on and on December 7 finally crossed the Niemen out of Russian territory. They had survived, but only 20,000 of them.B R _3_2_2.3B R _ World War II _mainWorld War II Joseph Stalin Chronology of the WarA Brief Introduction to the WarAdolf HitlerSiege of LeningradBattle of Stal

21、ingradA Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler Hitlers Chronology B R _Chronology of the WarChronology of the WarDateEventApril, 1940Denmark and Norway were conquered.June 22, 1941Hitler launched his long-term attack on the Soviet Union.September 1, 1939The Second World War in Europe started with German

22、 armies pouring across the Polish frontier.May 10, 1940Hitlers troops drove into France and within the following six weeks, Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg had surrendered as had France.B R _3_3.1DateEventSeptember, 1942February, 1943A decisive battle was fought at Stalingrad, which was the turning

23、point of the war.December, 1941The U. S. A. entered the war after Japanese planes bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor.June 6, 1944American, British and Canadian forces landed in Normandy and opened the second front in Europe.May 2, 1945The Soviet army took Berlin.May 7, 1945Germany surren

24、dered. B R _3_3.1B R _3_3.2B R _3_3.3B R _3_3.4B R _3_3.5B R _3_3.6B R _3_3.7B R _3_3.8B R _3_3.9B R _3_A Brief Introduction to the WarA Brief Introduction to the War B R _3_4.1A Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler B R _3_4.1 Adolf Hitler (18891945): German political and military leader and one of th

25、e 20th centurys most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. He made anti-Semitism a keystone of his propaganda and policies and built the Nazi Party into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire world, and for a time do

26、minated most of Europe and much of North Africa. He instituted sterilization and euthanasia measures to enforce his idea of racial purity among the German people and slaughtered millions of Jews, Sinti and Roma (Gypsies), Slavic peoples, and many others, all of whom he considered inferior.A Brief In

27、troduction to Adolf Hitler B R _3_Hitlers Chronology Hitlers Chronology DateEvent1914 1918 Volunteer in German Army. Wounded, gassed, and decorated.November 11, 1923 Arrested for leading the Munich Beer Hall putsch (coup) against the German national government.April 23, 1889 Born in Braunau, upper A

28、ustria, son of a customs official.September 1919 Joined German Workers Party, which he reorganized as the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party. B R _3_Hitlers Chronology DateEventAugust 19, 1934 Following the death of Paul von Hindenburg, Hitler assumed presidency while maintaining his oth

29、er title as chancellor.September 1, 1939 Invaded Poland, provoking Britain and France to declare war on Germany two days later. January 30, 1933 Appointed chancellor after Nazis won one-third of votes.March 7, 1936 Sent troops into the Rhineland in violation of treaties of Versailles and Locamo.Apri

30、l 30, 1945 Committed suicide in Berlin bunker. B R _3_3.1B R _3_3.2B R _3_3.3B R _3_ Siege of LeningradSiege of LeningradB R _3_ Siege of Leningrad Also known as the 900-Day Siege, blockade by German forces of the USSRs second largest city during World War II, from September 1941 to January 1944. Th

31、e total destruction of Leningrad was one of Adolf Hitlers major objectives in his Russian campaign and had been specifically mentioned in the Barbarossa directive of December 18, 1940. The Nazi leader had described the city as a center of Jewish-Bolshevik intelligentsia. There was to be no place for

32、 Leningrad in the Nazi “New Order”. Siege of LeningradB R _ Battle of StalingradBattle of StalingradB R _ 4.1_ Battle of Stalingrad (1942 43) Unsuccessful German assault on the Soviet city in World War II. German forces invaded the Soviet Union in 1941 and had advanced to the suburbs of Stalingrad (

33、now Volgograd) by the summer of 1942. Met by a determined Red Army defense commanded by Vasily Chuikov, they reached the citys centre after fierce street fighting. In November the Soviets counterattacked and encircled the German army led by Friedrich Paulus, who surrendered in February 1943 with 91,

34、000 troops. The Axis forces (Germans, Romanians, Italians, and Hungarians) suffered 800,000 deaths; in excess of 1,000,000 Soviet soldiers died. The battle marked the farthest extent of the German advance into the Soviet Union.Battle of StalingradB R _ 4.1_Northern California Joseph Stalin (18791953

35、): General secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (19221953) and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (19411953). Under his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitlers armies in World War II and

36、 rivaled the United States during the Cold War period.Joseph StalinB R _ 4.1_ Joseph Stalin 1B R _ 4.1_ Joseph Stalin 2 Joseph Stalin (18791953): General secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (19221953) and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR

37、 (19411953). Under his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitlers armies in World War II and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period.Joseph StalinB R _ Map Reading Map Reading Read the following maps and answer the following questions.1

38、. Napoleons Russian Campaign, 1812 1) Find the following place names: Moscow, Borodino, and Neman River. 2) What happened in Borodino?Click here to see the map!2 Hitlers Russian Campaign, 19411944 1) When did the Hitlers Russian Campaign happen? 2) How long was Leningrad being besieged?Click here to

39、 see the map!B R _ 4_2Napoleons Russian Campaign1) Find the following place names: Moscow, Borodino, and Neman River. 2) What happened in Borodino?B R _ 4_3Hitlers Russian Campaign1) When did the Hitlers Russian Campaign happen?2) How long was Leningrad being besieged?G R _ mainPart Division of the

40、TextFurther UnderstandingG R _ Further Understanding_ mainFurther UnderstandingTrue or False Questions and AnswersText AnalysisG R _ Part Division of the Text 1 Part Division of the TextParts Main Ideas 21 12Introduction Both _and _military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian _.3

41、11Napoleons military campaign against_.31220Para(s)Hitlers military campaign against _.4 21Conclusion _ must be reckoned with in any _.NapoleonsHitlerswinterRussiaThe Soviet Unionthe elements of naturemilitary campaigns2. Napoleon and his troops gained the quick victory in Russia as they had expecte

42、d. G R _2_2.1 True or False 1. “The icy defender” refers to the Russian river. 3. Napoleon didnt capture the capital of Russia. 4. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history. 5. German troops adopted scorch-earth policy when they entered Russi

43、a. 6. Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the strong resistance from Russian people.2. Napoleon and his troops gained the quick victory in Russia as they had expected. G R _2_2.1 True or False FThe quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians re

44、fused to stand and fight. They retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went.( )1. “The icy defender” refers to the Russian river. F“The icy defender” refers to the bleak Russian winter. ( )4. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign i

45、n history. 3. Napoleon didnt capture the capital of Russia. G R _2_2.2T( )FNapoleon captured the capital of Russia: Moscow.( )5. German troops adopted scorch-earth policy when they entered Russia. FStalin instructed the Russian people to burn and destroy farms and factories.( )6. Hitler failed to ca

46、pture Moscow because of the strong resistance from Russian people.G R _2_2.2FHitler failed to capture Moscow because of the severe winter in Russia.( )G R _ 2_4Questions and Answers1. What happened to Napoleons Grand Army when it was retreating from Moscow? 2. Why didnt the Russian people defend the

47、ir homeland in the face of Napoleons offensive? 3. What tactics did Hitler use in his invasion of the Soviet Union? 4. What was the significance of the battle of Stalingrad? G R _ 2_4Questions and Answers1. What happened to Napoleons Grand Army when it was retreating from Moscow? The Russians launch

48、ed hit-and-run attacks on the French from fields and forests. On the other hand, the temperature dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius and Napoleons army didnt have enough clothes, food and shelter.2. Why didnt the Russian people defend their homeland in the face of Napoleons offensive? They would like

49、 to take advantage of their nature situation to fight for them.G R _ 2_4Questions and Answers3. What tactics did Hitler use in his invasion of the Soviet Union? He planned to use the tactics called blitzkrieg, or “lightning war”, which had defeated the rest of Europe.4. What was the significance of

50、the battle of Stalingrad? The loss of the battle for Stalingrad turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over.G R _ 2_4Strength of invading forceStarting time of invasionStarter of warCountry invadedInvading countryA Comparison-and-Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Text Analysi

51、s FranceGermany Soviet Union RussiaNapoleon Hitler Spring, 1812 6/22/1941 600,000the largest land campaign in historyPredictionquick victory, conquest of Russia in 5 weeksBlitzkrieg (lightning war), lasting no longer than 3 monthsG R _ 2_4Text AnalysisTruce offerMajor battlesCapture of the Russian c

52、apitalInitial resistance strategyrefusing to stand and fight; retreating eastwards, burning crops and homes“scorch the earth”, fierce fight to defend major citiesyesnoSmolensk, Borodino, the Berezina RiverLeningrad, Stalingradby Napoleon, rejected by the CzarnoG R _ 2_4Text AnalysisA Comparison-and-

53、Contrast Analysis of the Two Invasions Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end Biggest enemy for the invading force Turning point Fate of the invading force War-provokers fatesnow, freezing temperature heavy rain, “General Mud”, snow, freezing temperature October 1812 when Napol

54、eon ordered a retreat 1943, when the Soviet troops pushed the German forces back only 100, 000 survived heavy losses Hitler committed suicide, his empire collapsing D R _ Text 1The Icy Defender In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for th

55、e fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter. In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Naz

56、i Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitlers military might was unequaled. D R _ Text 2His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian w

57、inter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers. Napoleons Campaign In the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confid

58、ent of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks. D R _ Text 3Shortly afterwards, Napoleons army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retre

59、ated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed, but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines. In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand dead on each side. Yet, the Russians we

60、re again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. D R _ Text 4He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter? Napoleon took the gamble of pressing