跨文化完整版

1、iiygrounseofhings,e;omakirxpigculturepomfWheremea?sfafnaso：.fLrsransitionArovidirmpeopfejnepauss或ofcultureisconsciousHlxeetypesofculture4.Howweperceivteeelderlisalsoculture性msaresighificahttothestudtautheyjeatthecoreoractionsems,are.iisrihenceubjecDtation.BresucaninfluentfaintercuTtucSmmunicabeicaaf

2、feCiurcohSCJOusJnconsclmannwelasthemannerwlnicateieintersrlChWhiCeC?hidedandjhus=”ursurroundregifourIhoughtslieworlcaless诰veovevo.vedarelearBenercudi)mtothishonevehlltU2emaluUhicaaseclHter,requireiitTorl)matiandwhcfwjedri汨dwrong/.valuesih，Americah：fiesdsprimary,values.丄mosimportant:emocracy讷osecultu

3、rthlegendteclthcglmaKeila】iSOhCavwaMWitavaueamieahheHOspteamhesBMlkseMehitcauto】halmlaflIfhCl前ricans,sessioactioautomobilesorjewelrylahguagemmuhiC2itiVwords,writtenwords丄.,Nonverbabehavibpa2the3nysicmi|grettmucthe：uenneuestendestsand南品喘culture.cultureresponsetopoinonacontinuumfonlytwopossible?interr

4、elatedwitha,hostouftheworld.womenarivenessougereisast5ionformenMenareexpectedtobestro,ncMenshouTafignltoprotectTherwomanwomenareexpectedto.benuiwomenshouldbesensitivetominine.countries,丄丄.Beshouidemodesiooperativarefewerdifferencesin*二北hou(hou(Bfcanhdfandwomendfun器enessoreachindivileessambiguousform

5、enannoonesnoonesevervonsioubeconceri一acoirftaingoodrelationshw1一一一7。1goOpbraX4tn非es1)kivemenpowrstanLctheextenDDlahtsocieacceStsapowenrelaimbifj齬臓範ujy护hedfRnon-vercomm.unicatrojhw&nthosnonvepsamunacomrsettingthataregenerate(hisorherjseDftheenyironmakmesTcommuniccthngu轍更飆Simeessudsngeamdstanceparalan

6、cjuaigerelafedtQoralcommunicationtrefersxtotherateandpitcVolumeuallt|eSyoJCwnipnnterruprtemporarytaketneplaceofspeechandaffee:theyoungpeopleeonvel充atioommunicati6Definitionsofculture(3)Cultureismansmedium;thereisnotoneaspectofhumanlifethatisnottouchedandalteredbyculture.Thismeanspersonality,howpeopl

7、eexpressthemselves,includingshowsofemotion,thewaytheythink,theymove,howproblemsaresolved,theircitiesareplannedandlaidout,transportationsystemsfunctionandorganized,aswellashoweconomicgovernmentsystemsareputtogetherfunction.Bycultureanthropologymeansbossandbereluctanttocriticizeshim3Itisnaturalfortheb

8、osstoenjoyspecialprivilegethathisemployeedonothave4Childrenarelikelytobetoldtorespectandobeyparents,teachersandotherinauthority.Inlow-power-aistancecountriesIpreferequalrelationships2anemployeemayapproachandcriticizeaboss3Thebossmayoccupyahigherpositionbutthatdoesnotmeanhedeservesanyspecialtreatment

9、4Ifateacherreporttoparentsthattheirchildrenhavemisbehaved,theparentswilltrytofindoutiftheteacherusedhisauthoritypr三Decision-markingInhigh-powerdistancecountriesIDecisionmakingtendstobecentralizedtheleaderdecision2Decisionsarepasseddowntothestaffintheformofinstruction.Thestaffjustwaitfortheleadertote

10、llthemwhattodo.Theyhesitatetoactontheirownbecausetheydonotwanttodoanythingthatwouldseemdisrespectful.Inlow-power-distancecountries1Decisionisdispersedthroughoutorganization.PeopleatalllevelmakeieT,decisionq.andartheaeOdertihiaeiytogivethestaffguidaneeeirintheformofgeneralprinciplesandthendthatareexp

11、ectsthestafftoapplythoseprinciplesineneratitEraenerafiontheirwork.ng.四SocialclassIsocialclassdiffereneewithineachcountryinpowerdistanee2employeeoforganizationswhohadhigherlevelsofeducationhadlowerpowerdistaneescore3Thosewhohadlowerleveleducationhadhigherpowerdistaneescoreorientationhowhowhowareandan

12、dthetotallifewayofapeople,thesociallegacytheindividualacquiresfromhisgroup.Orculturecanberegardedaspartoftheenvironmentthatisthecreationofman.culturearelargesuperordinatecategories:therearenotindividuals.Culturesdifferentlevelsoflogicalanalysisfromindividualmembersofcultures.Culturenqttalktoeachothe

13、rbutindividualsdo.arethedo6)HoebelandFrost,whoseecultureinnearlyallhumanactivity,definecultureasan(7)culturesavaluesthemworHinheritanee.systewfsh丄.customs,behmbersausetocondwthoneanothearebeliefs.avior,.；transmitteamgthroughlearffi_(8)wedefineculture-astheknowledge,valuesmeanings,hierarchies,religio

14、ntime,roles,specialrelations,universe,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualComlow-powerdistanceinowerandstatusexperienee,actions.depositof,beliefs,attitudes,notionsofconceptsofUSAChinese:oupstrivingowedistanceand4aspectsBasicallygoodKeepharmonywithnaturePastor

15、ientationHumannatureacllInnigh-powerdistancecountrieeonp1sociarhierarchyexiststonaturePositionisconsideredtobeimportantandnatureacceptdiffereneeinpowerwhoeverholdspowerisrightandgoodagoodbosslikeagoodfather,protectiveandcaring,butrequiringobeyPeopleareunequalbynatInlow-power-distcdislikesordistrusts

16、authoritybelievewhoeverusestheirpowerwillbejudgeastowhethertheyuseifinarightwaythediffereneeinpowerandstatusshouldbedominateorminimizedpeopledisapproveofspecialprivilegesandsymbolsofstatuseveryoneisbynatureequaltoeveryoneel二RelationshipInhigh-power-distancesIthereisgreateremotionaldistaneebetweenthebossesandsubordinates2employeeswillshowgreatrespectfortheSenseoftimeactivityuralancecountriesSocialrelationsign/symboexamplesjudgecountriesprocess