加拿大奶牛肉牛乳酸中毒

1、乳酸中毒Lactic Acidosis in Dairy CowsPrepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt Translated by Dr. Fu Xiaoping病因/发病机理 Cause & Pathogenesis过度饲喂发酵型碳水化合物（谷类/精料） In dairy cattle, the major cause of acidosis is the over engorgement on fermentable carbohydrates (grain/concentrate)发酵形成的乳酸降低瘤胃pH5 Fermentation of carbohydrates

2、to lactic acid lowers the pH of the rumen 5将杀死利用乳酸的细菌和原虫，增加产酸菌数量 This upsets the rumen flora killing lactate utilizing protozoa and bacteria and increasing the number of acid producing bacteria乳酸中毒类型Types of Lactic Acidosis急性乳酸中毒Acute Toxic Lactic Acidosis亚急性乳酸中毒Sub Acute Lactic Acidosis亚临床或慢性瘤胃酸中毒S

3、ub-Clinical or Chronic Rumen Acidosis急性乳酸中毒Acute Toxic Lactic Acidosis临床症状Clinical Findings食欲下降、无乳Complete anorexia and agalactiae体温低于正常、快而浅呼吸、心跳加快Temperature below normal, rapid shallow breathing and elevated heart rate水样Profuse watery, sweet smelling diarrhea脱水Dehydration瘤胃臌气Bloat胃中大量积液Fluid fille

4、d static rumen摇摆、虚弱直至卧地不起Staggering, weakness progressing to recumbency不治疗时经常死亡Often die if untreated鉴别诊断Differential Diagnosis乳牛热Milk Fever急性大肠杆菌乳腺炎Acute Coliform Mastitis败血症Septicemia腹膜炎Peritonitis CNS problem 治疗Treatment个别立即屠宰Consider immediate slaughter for some 切断水源Shut off from water瘤胃切开和冲洗Rum

5、enotomy plus rumen Lavage放入干草和它牛的瘤胃内容物Place hay in rumen plus rumen flora transplant治疗全身症状Treat systemic acidosis静注5%碳酸氢钠5升/500kg.30分钟以上IV 5% sodium bicarbonate solution 5-litres/500 kg over 30 minutes接着是(1.3%)碳酸氢钠 10升/小时/500kg,共8小时Followed by isotonic sodium bicarbonate (1.3%) at rate of 10 litres/

6、hr/500kg for 8 hours亚急性乳酸中毒Sub Acute Lactic Acidosis临床症状Clinical Signs 瘤胃充满, 可能臌气,瘤胃蠕动性下降Full rumen and maybe bloat reduced rumen movements食欲下降Anorexia通常有腹泻Diarrhea is common天内又进食Return to eating in 3-4 days3-4治疗Treatment停喂料和水Remove from feed and water500毫克活性炭MgOH溶于10升水中后灌胃500 gm. of magnesium hydro

7、xide (MgOH) in 10 litres of water administered by stomach tube 灌喂5升矿物油和500毫克活性炭5 litres of mineral oil and 500 gm activated charcoal by stomach tube个别牛静注等渗的碳酸氢钠Some cows may require IV isotonic sodium bicarbonate添加干草和加强运动 Provide hay and exercise 亚临床或慢性瘤胃酸中毒Sub-Clinical or Chronic Rumen Acidosis症状Cl

8、inical Signs降低食欲Decreased feed intake间隙性腹泻Intermittent diarrhea蹄叶炎和与此相关的跛行Laminitis and lameness problems associated with laminitis肝脓肿Liver abscesses预防Prevention依据干物质基础日粮精粗比不超过50/50Ration should not exceed 50:50 grain concentrates to forage on DM basis粗料慢慢向精料过度Slow transfer from roughage to grain ra

9、tion每次饲喂精料不超过4kgDo not feed more then 4 kg of grain concentrate at any one feedingTMR饲料TMR feeding饲喂粗料1-2小时后添加精料Feed long stem forage 1-2 hours before grain to buffer rumen (stimulate saliva production)考虑添加缓冲盐150-200gm/头/天 (碳酸氢钠或磷酸氢钠)Consider adding a buffer to the ration 150-200 gms/head/day of sodium acid phosphate or sodium bicarbonate后遗症Sequela to RecoveryChronic poor doers真菌性胃炎Fungal ruminitis肝脓肿Liver abscesses 尾腔