专业综合实验

1、题目：盐酸掺杂导电聚苯胺的制备目录第一章摘要第二章实验部分2.1实验所用主要试剂原材料2.2实验仪器和设备2.3盐酸掺杂导电聚苯胺的制备第三章实验结果与讨论3.1实验结果与数据记录3.2实验结果的讨论第四章结论参考文献第一章摘要聚苯胺(Polyaniline)一种重要的导电聚合物。聚苯胺的主链上含有 交替的苯环和氮原子，是一种特殊的导电聚合物。聚苯胺由苯胺单 体在酸性水溶液中经化学氧化或电化学氧化得到，常用的氧化剂 为过硫酸铉(APS)。中性条件下聚合的聚苯胺常含有枝化结构。聚苯胺具有良好的导电性能，具有优良的环境稳定性。可用于制备传感器、电池、电容器等。聚苯胺通过“氧化还原掺杂”处理，掺杂后

2、的聚苯胺导电率提高10 个数量级以上，并改善了其在溶剂中的溶解性和加工性能。聚苯 胺可以作为电磁波屏蔽材料，耐腐蚀材料，同时可以吸收微波， 还可以用来作为检测空气中氮氧化物的含量的材料以及H2S，SO2等有害气体的含量。本实验采用的是化学氧化法在水溶液中合成聚苯胺乳液，聚合是在酸 性条件下用氧化剂过硫酸铉(同时也是催化剂)，当过硫酸铉与苯胺 比为一时，聚合产率高达66.14%；当盐酸浓度为1.5molL时，室温 下反应12h导电性最好。制得性质基本相同、电导率高、稳定性好的 聚苯胺。通过对聚苯胺材料在不同温度、氧化剂用量、PH值下对电 导率的影响，同时还讨论氧化剂过硫酸铉对导电率和PH的影响，

3、正 交试验得出的优化工艺为：浓硫酸浓度为1.0molL，氧化剂与苯胺单 休摩尔比为1:1，室温下反应4h。关键词：聚苯胺，盐酸，导电高分子，掺杂ABSTRACTPolyaniline (Polyaniline) an important kind of conductive polymers. The main chain of polyaniline contains alternate benzene ring and the nitrogen atoms , is a special kind of conductive polymers. Polyaniline by aniline

4、monomer in acid aqueous classics in chemical oxidation or electrochemical oxidation get, commonly used for the oxidant of ammonium sulfate (APS). Neutral condition polymerization of polyaniline often contain branch of structure. Polyaniline has good conductivity, excellent environmental stability. C

5、an be used in the preparation of sensor, battery, capacitor, etc.Polyaniline through the REDOX doping treatment, after the doped polyaniline improve the rate of more than 10 orders of magnitude, and to improve the solubility in solvent and processing properties. Polyaniline can serve as the electrom

6、agnetic wave shielding materials, corrosion resistant material, at the same time can absorb microwaves, also can be used as a test of the content of nitrogen oxides air of materials and H2S, SO2 and other harmful gases content.This experiment was by the chemical oxidation in water solution synthesis

7、 polyaniline emulsion, Polymerization is in acid conditions with oxidant ammonium persulfate (also catalyst), When ammonium persulfate with aniline than a moment, polymerization production rate as high as 66.14%; When the hydrochloric acid concentration of 1.5 molL, reaction 12 h at room temperature

8、 conductivity is best. The same basic properties, conductivity, high stability good polyaniline. Through to the polyaniline materials in different temperature, the oxidant amount used, PH value of the influence of the conductivity, and also discuss antioxidant ammonium persulfate of conductive rate

9、and the influence of the PH, orthogonal test that the optimization of process for: Strong sulfuric acid concentration of 1.0 molL, antioxidant with aniline monomer Moore ratio of 1:1, reaction at room temperature 4 h.Keywords: polyaniline, Hydrochloric acid, conductive polymer, doping第二章实验部分2.1实验所用主

10、要试剂原材料实验所用主要试剂原材料如表2-1所示材料名称规格浓度（mol/L）生产厂家苯胺（An）分析纯0.215过硫酸铵（Aps）分析纯2.39浓盐酸分析纯1.5表2-1实验中所用的苯胺的结构式如图2-1图2-1苯胺的结构式聚苯胺的结构式如图2-2图2-2聚苯胺的结构式2.2实验仪器和设备实验所用仪器和设备如表2-2所示仪器和设备型号生产厂家减压蒸馏装置电子万能实验仪热重分析仪傅里叶红外光谱仪差示扫描量热仪表2-2减压蒸馏装置如图2-3图2-32.3盐酸掺杂导电聚苯胺的制备第一步 水体系（苯胺聚合的环境）45mL盐酸和115mL苯胺（4g苯胺溶解在115mL去离子水中经 两次减压蒸馏）混合加入烧杯中搅拌，用冰水浴控制温度。水体系的组成见表2-3材料名称物质体积（ml）苯胺250盐酸45去离子水115表2-3第二步氧化剂（aps）的配置称取19.6g过硫酸铉溶解