英语五种基本句型

1、-英语五种基本句型基本句型一：S V （主+谓）基本句型二:S V P （主+谓+表）基本句型三:S V O （主+谓+宾）基本句型四:S V o O （主+谓+问宾+直宾）基本句型五:S V O C （主+谓+宾+宾补句型1: Subject （主语）+ Verb （谓语）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如： work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen。如：

2、The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。The moon rose.月亮升起了。The universe remains.宇宙长存。We all breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家者B呼吸、吃和喝。Who cares?管它呢？What he said does not matter他所讲的没有什么关系。They talked for half an hour.他们谈了 半个小时。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流禾限1 / 15SV（/、及物动词）1. Timeflies.2. The moonrose.3. The mancook

3、ed.4. We alleat, and drink.5. EverybodyLaughed.6. Iwoke.7. Theytalked for half an hour.8. Hewalked yesterday9.Heis playing10.Theyhave gone句型 2： Subject （主语）+ Link. V（系动词）+ Predicate（表语）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。具系动词一般可分为下列两类：（

4、1）表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep。如：This kind of food tastes delicious 这种食物吃起来很可 口。He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。2 / 153)Several players lay flat on the playgroundfl 个队员平躺在操场上。4)We should remain modest and prudent any tim戟们在任何时候者日应该保持 谦虚谨慎。5) This kind of food tastes ter

5、rible 这种食物吃起来很糟糕。6)The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distanc这幅画在一定的距离看 更漂亮一些。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warme春天至U了, 天气变得越来越 暖和。The tree has grown much taller than befor这棵树比以前长得高多了。Dont have the food. It has gone ba好要吃那种食物，已经变质了。4)

6、The facts prove true事实证明是正确的。SV （是系动词）P （表语）1. Thisisan English dictionary.2. The dinnersmells(闻)good.3. Hefellhappy.4. Everythinglooksdifferent.5. Heistall and strong.6. The bookisinteresting.7. The weatherbecamewarmer.3 / 158. His faceturnedred.句型 3: Subject（主语）+ Verb （谓语）+ Object （宾语）这种句型中的动词一般为及

7、物动词，所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直 接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。此 句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例：He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.（代词）当我遇至U 困难时，李 雷总能给我帮助。She plans to travel in the coming May Day .（不定式）她打算在即将到来的 五一

8、”外出旅游。I don t know what I should do neX旬）我不知道下一步该干什么5）You can put the books in your ba咻可以把书放在书包里。6）Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetable戟们这里的农民种彳艮多种蔬菜。7）She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stOgefc 去了 在舞台上露 面的机会。8）I prefer to make web page戢更喜欢做网页。4 / 15sV （实义动词）0（宾语）1. Whoknowsthe

9、answer?2. Shelaugh ather.3. HeunderstandsEnglish.8. Hemadecakes.5. Theyatesome apples.6. Dannylikesdonuts.7. Iwantto have a cup of tea.4. HesaidGood morning.句型 4： Subject（主语）+ Verb（谓语）+ Indirect object（间接宾语）+ Direct object （直接宾语）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的 意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。这种句型

10、中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示 物”的名词来充当；问接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后， 对整个句子的影响不大，多由指 入”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见 动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, sen窗。如：Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.5 / 15Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本

11、词典作为生日礼物。The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。The old man is tel

12、ling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+ to sb.。Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me 把你的画给 我看一下。Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.=Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lo

13、se heart.只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。6 / 15物）1. Shepassedhima new dress.2. Shecookehera delicious meal .3. Shedhusbanda dictionary.4. Hebrougyounothing.5. Ihthermy pictures.6. Ibhima hand.7. Ioughthima story8. Heshowedmethat the bus was late.o （多指人）O （多指物）V （及gavetoldshowe d句型 5: Subject（主语）+ Verb （动词）+ Obje

14、ct （宾语）+ Complement（补语）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不 能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这种 句型中的 宾语+补语”统称为 复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、 说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是7 / 15 名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常见的动词有 ：tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow 等。如：You should keep the room cl

15、ean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形 容词）We made him our monitor.白词）我们选他当班长。His father told him not to play in the street.不定式）他父亲告诉他不要在街 上玩。My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.现在分词）Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.过去分词）6）Keep the children quiet, please.请让孩子们安静下来。7）He painte

16、d the wall white.他把墙漆成白色。8）We found him an honest person们发现他是一个诚实的人。His mother told him not to play on the street:他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。注意： 动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch后面所接的动词不 定式作宾补时，不带to。如：The boss made him do the work all da惦板让他整天做那项工作。I heard her sing in the next room all the time l

17、ast night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。SV （及物）O （宾语）C （宾补）1. Wekeepthe tableclean.8 / 152. Theypaintedthe doorgreen.3. Theycallsupperdinner.4. Theyfoundthe housedirty.5. Whatmakeshimsad?6. Wesawhimout.7. Heaskedmeto come back.8. IsawthemLaughing .There be 句型此句型是由there + be +主语+状语 构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语 的有。它其实是倒装的一种情

18、况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语。Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。 如，现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be /there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 9 / 15似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be碰巧有 there h

19、appen/happens/happened to be 止匕句型有时不用 be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive#。练习：（一 ）1李明学习很努力。2.事故是昨天下午发生的。3春天就要来了4我们住在这个城市已有10年了.5学生们学习很努力。6她再次向我道歉。7事故是昨天晚上发生的。（二）1.这是本英汉辞典。.午餐的气味很好。.他堕入了情网。. 一切看来都不同了。.他长得又高又壮。.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。.我们的井干枯了10 / 15.他的脸红了。三）1.谁知道答案？她微笑表示感谢。他拒绝帮他们的忙。他喜欢看书。他们吃了

20、剩饭。他说：早上好！ ”我想喝杯茶。他承认犯了错误。）1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳她给丈夫煮了 一顿美味的饭。他给你买了一本字典。他对她什么都不拒绝我给他看我的照片。我洗了我的汽车。我告诉他汽车晚点了。他教我开机器。）1.他们任命他当经理。他们把门漆成绿色。这使得他们要细想一想11 / 15他们发现那房子无人居住。他怎么会这样想？我们送他出去。要我早点回来。我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。）1.今晚没有会。这个村子过去只有一 口井。这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。天气预报说下午有大风。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。战前这儿一直有家电影院的。恰好那时房里没人。从前，

21、在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫.公共汽车来了。.就只剩下二十八美元了。.在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。.铃响了。.二月份有二十八天。12 / 15（一）.Li Ming works very hard.The accident happened yesterday afternoon.Spring is coming.4.We have lived in the city for ten years.5.The students work very hard.6.She apologized to me again.7.The accident happened yesterday ev

22、ening.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell in love.Everything looks different.He is growing tall and strong.The trouble is that they are short of money.Our wel lhas gone dry.His face turned red.Who knows the answer?13 / 15She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to he

23、lp them.He enjoys reading.They ate what was left over. 6. He said Good morning.I want to have a cup of tea. 8. He admits that he was mistaken.She ordered herself a new dress.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.I told him that the bus was late.He showed me how to run the machine.They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking.4. They found the house deserted. 5. Wha