否定句的翻译

1、否定句的翻译1 drillCertainly I dont teach because teaching is easy for me.当然,我教书并不是因为教书对我很容易.Dont be inflexibly devoted to a system just because it worked everywhere.不要因为某种制度在别的地方行之有效,就一成不变地热衷于它.2drillIt has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary

2、merely because of the opportunities of his position.很久以前就有人令人信服地证明,高级管理人员之所以有很大词汇量,并不仅仅是因为其所处地位而获得的机会多.3drillNo person writes a scientific paper merely to communicate technical information,nor does anyone read such a paper merely to be better informed.没有人仅仅为了介绍技术信息才写科学论文的,同样也没有人仅仅是为了更好地了解信息而去读这些论文的.

3、4否定句式的常见错误英语和汉语在否定句的表达上存在着许多差异,我国学生往往以中国人的思维方式和习惯用法去套英语难免出现一些错误未经允许,任何人不得入内.误:Anybody cannot come in without permission.正:Nobody can come in without permission.5否定句听到这个消息后,没有一个人不感到兴奋.误:Having heard the news,nobody did not feel excited.正:Having heard the news,everybody felt excited.汉语中“没有+主语+不+谓语”用下列

4、方法翻译1.可把主语谓语都改成肯定形式2.there be +否定的主语+否定的定语从句There was nobody who did not feel excited.6否定句英语中的概括词all,every, both,以及与every构成的合成词,用于否定句时只表示部分否定,常译成“并非都”.要表达全部否定时,英语须用全部否定词语,如 none,neither,no,nobody,not any7否定句常见错误这两本书都不是英国出版的.误:Both of the books are not published in England.正:Neither of the books is p

5、ublished in England.我不同意所有这些方案.误:I dont agree to all these projects.正:I agree to none of these projects.或:I dont agree to any of these projects.8否定句常见错误你不必为你的军衔和薪金担心.误:You wont have to worry about rank and pay.正:You wont have to worry about rank or pay.(否定词对or前后部分同时加以否定)我认为这不值得一试.误:I think this is n

6、ot worth trying.正:I dont think this is worth trying.9drill这些规章制度多么不完善呀!误:How not perfect the rules and regulations are!正:How imperfect the rules and regulations are !汉语中感叹句可用否定式如:多不光彩呀!多不容易呀!,而英语中的感叹句不能用否定句式,我们可用反义词或带有否定词缀的词来表示10否定句中常见错误他来这儿不是为了求得我们的帮助.误:He came here not to ask us for help.正:He did

7、not come here to ask us for help.英语中的否定词一般不直接置于被否定词语前,通常置于谓语动词前.只有翻译“不是而是”时才可直接置于状语前 如:He came here not to ask us for help,but to give us some information.11drillThe earth dose not move round in empty space.误:地球在空无一物的空间中是不运转的.正:地球并不是在空无一物的空间运转.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.误:此山因其高而

8、无价值.正:山不因其高而有价值.12drillAll gases do not have a characteristic smell.误:所有气体都没有特殊的气味.正:并非所有气体都有特殊的气味.We cannot emphasize too much the importance of the process.误:我们不能过分强调这种方法的重要性.正:这种方法的重要性我们怎么强调也不过分.13drillThis subject is quite beyond him.误:这门科学在他的范围之外.正:这门科学是他所不能理解的.Oxygen was not discovered until 1

9、774,eight years later than hydrogen.氧直到1774年才被发现,比氢晚八年.A radar screen is not unlike a television.雷达荧光屏跟电视荧光屏一样.The equation is far from being complicated.这个方程式一点也不复杂.14drill英语中有的否定词与其他词连用形成一种固定结构,这种结构形式上是否定的,但语义上表示对事物的否定达到极端程度,接近于否定的否定,实际上是肯定的意思.常见的有“nothing like” “cannot too” “cannottoo”变体如:cannot

10、可改为impossible,not可用scarcely,hardly,never等代替.15drillThere is nothing like mineral water to quench ones thirst.矿泉水是解渴的最好的饮料.We cannot be too careful in doing experiments.做实验越仔细越好.We cannot speak too highly of the technicians of the plant.对于那个厂的技术人员,我们怎么表扬都不会太过分.16Home work学校应避免仅按学生考试成绩来判断孰优孰劣并以此对待他们.相

11、反,好的教育体制应使每一位学生都能达到良好的水准,成为全面发展的人.英国人经常被归类为保守型,显然这一归类带有成见.实际上,英国在民族特性方面与其他欧洲国家相比并没有太大的差异.他们有礼貌,爱整洁,将秩序,充满自信.17Home work1.Schools should avoid deciding who are superior only in terms of the students exam results and treating them accordingly. Instead, a good educational system should enable every stu

12、dent to measure up to good standards as well-rounded people.2.The English are,as often as not,labeled conservative. Obviously this label is prejudiced. In reality,Britain is not very different from other European countries in terms of national characteristics. They are polite,neat,orderly and confid

13、ent.18drillIt is impossible to overestimate the value of the invention.这项发明的价值无论怎样估计也不会太高.The importance of the project can hardly be exaggerated.这项工程的重要性怎么说也不过分.Nobody could be too foolish this day.今天,不论你出洋相到什么程度,都不过分.19drillThe machine did not stop because the fuel had run out.这台机器并不是因为燃料用完而停止运转.W

14、e dont suppose that this formula is applicable to all machining operations.我们认为这一公式不能适用于所有的加工工序.20drillThose astronaut didnt seem to realize that the spaceship was the only one they had got.那些宇航员似乎没有意识到,那是他们唯一的宇宙飞船.农业是国民经济的基础,怎么强调也不过分.It cannot be too much emphasized that agriculture is the foundati

15、on of the national economy.21drill那项有关自动控制的科研项目的重要性,怎么强调也不过分.The importance of the research project on automatic controls cannot be overestimated.在处理这类精密复杂的装置时,越仔细越好.In dealing with such sophisticated and intricate appliances one can not be too careful.22Not/nomore thanNot/no more than可以构成许多不同的短语或词组

16、.此时不应按照字面意思去套,译成比较结构,而应掌握这种结构的主要意思,然后去分析其各种变化形式.23No/not more thanHe is not fond of playing chess any more than you are.他同你一样不喜欢下棋.You wont expect to find the whole truth in advertisements any more than you expect a man applying for a job to describe his shortcoming.你不要期望广告里讲的都是真话,就如求职的不会介绍自己的缺点一样.2

17、4Not/nomore thanThere was a huge library near the riverfront, but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize(光顾) its shelves any more than they were the parks and playgrounds of the city.江畔有一个很大的图书馆,但是我知道它是不允许黑人光顾的,就如市里的公园和体育场不让黑人光顾一样.(they were后面省去了前半句已提到的allowed to patronize)25Not/nomore th

18、anKoreans can no more agree on whether the changes have come too fast or too slowly than they can on what Korean democracy is or should be.韩国人对变革是否来得太快或太慢,意见不一,同样对韩国民主是什么样子或应该是什么样子,看法不一.本句中nomore than实际上和notany more than是同一结构.26Not/no more thanIf machines really thought as men do,there would be no m

19、ore reason to fear them than to fear men.如果机器真的能和人一样思维,那么就没有理由怕它们,正如没有理由怕人一样.27Nothing more than+n.Nothing more than+n.结构和never/no more than+n结构一样都作“不过是”,“只是”,“仅仅”解.Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history.前辈人所记忆犹新的,无非是过去的历史.28Nothing more thanOne can te

20、ll the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.人们一眼就能注意到蜘蛛与昆虫的区别.因为蜘蛛总是有八条腿,而昆虫的腿只有六条.除了never/no/nothing more than外,little/few more than 也作“only”解.29No more thanThe Soviet regard the dozen or so U.S. military attaches(武官)in Moscow as little

21、 more than spies anyway.不管怎样,在苏联人眼里,美国驻莫斯科武官出的十几个人不过是间谍.He has no more than10 dollars.他只有10美元.He has not more than 10 dollars.他还有不到10美元.30No more than分开的not/never/nothing/little/fewmore than和合起来的no/never/nothing/little/few more than一样,都是作“only”解Everyone acknowledges that Newton was a great man;yet f

22、ew have more than vaguest acquaintance with his living personality大家都承认牛顿是个伟人,但对他的生前为人,许多人只不过有个大概的了解.fewmore than 只不过,仅仅31Not,as/likeSpiders are not insects,as many people think,nor even nearly related to them.与许多人的想法相反，蜘蛛并不是昆虫，它们甚至和昆虫一点关系也没有。32Not,as/like在not,as/like这样的句子中,人们习惯按标点划分,把含有not的主句与as或li

23、ke引导的短语分开处理,译成“正如一样,并不”。而这个译法歪曲了原文意思。实际上按照原意，as/like 引导的短语应在否定范围之内，应译成“并不像”或“正与相反”,并置于句首。33drillThe number of people who consult psychiatrists is not a symptom of increasing mental ill health,as is sometimes felt,but rather the precursor(预兆）of a world in which the hope of genuine mental health will

24、be open to everyone.今天这么多人去找精神病医生咨询，并不像人们常常感到的那样说明了精神病患者的日益增多。相反，它正预示着这样一个世界的来临，即在那里真正的精神健康大门将对所有人敞开着。34drillHe is not a majestic（威严）personal figure like Roosevelt,and he doesnt inspire fear like Johnson.他并不像罗斯福那样是一个代表威严的人物，他也不像约翰逊那样叫人望而生畏。He does not dominate or intimidate his staff,like Mr. Johnso

25、n,nor does he read or work like Mr.Carter.他不像约翰逊先生那样控制或威吓属下，也不像卡特先生那样勤奋阅读和学习。35drillId no more scribble all over the first edition of “Paradise Lost” than Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt.我决不会在一本初版的失乐园上乱涂乱写，就像我不会把一盒蜡笔连同一幅伦勃朗的原画交给我的婴孩让他任意涂写一样。36否定句They are barbarians. And I

26、will stop at absolutely nothing to hunt down,capture or kill the terrorists wherever they are,whatever it takes,period.Period强调话已讲完,就是这样37含蓄否定英语里有些词或词组形式上是肯定的,但意义往往是否定的.由这类词或词组表达的否定称为含蓄否定或意义否定.1.动词或动词词组引起的否定常见的有:fail to do,lack,refuse,cease stopProtect from keep(prevent)from38含蓄否定The specification l

27、acks detail.这份说明书不够详细.They shut off valves to prevent steam from reaching the turbine they intend to test.他们关上阀门不让蒸汽流到他们要实验的涡轮.Then,the source of energy will cease to be a reason for war or an influence on foreign affairs.那么,能源将再也不会是战争的一个祸根,再也不会影响外交事务了.39含蓄否定According to preliminary calculation,it c

28、osts a total of some $800,on average,to stop a ton of sulphur from getting into the air.根据初步计算,防止一吨硫进入空气平均要花费约800美元.2.名词引起的否定常见的有:neglect,absence,loss,exclusion40含蓄否定A few instruments are in a state of neglect.一些仪器处于无人管理状态。The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in spac

29、e ,as they do from the earth.正因为没有空气，所以星星在太空中不象从地球看它们时那样闪闪发亮。And in true chicken-or-the-egg fashion,the lack of course-ware deters the purchase of computers by schools.这真是一个先有鸡还是现有蛋的问题，没有教学软件，学校就不敢购买计算机。41含蓄否定3.形容词或形容词短语引起的否定常见的有:free from,ignorant of,short of,last, little,fewThe study confirmed tha

30、t few people are likely to escape the effects of nuclear exchange.研究证明几乎无人能逃脱互投核弹造成的恶果.42含蓄否定The precision instrument must be kept free from dust.精密仪器必须保持无尘.Present supplies of steel are short of requirements.目前钢供不应求.Japan is the last country to invent radar,but England.发明雷达的国家决不是日本,而是英国.43含蓄否定Atomi

31、c safety has gone far beyond such crude beginnings,but a risk free reactor has yet to be built.核安全设施现已远非开始时的那种简陋的样子了,但是完全没有危险的反应堆尚有待修建.4.介词或介词短语引起的否定 常见的有:beyond,above,beneath,beside44含蓄否定The problem is beyond the reach of my understanding.这个问题我无法理解.The theory of relativity worked out by Einstein is

32、 now above many peoples comprehension.爱因斯坦提出的“相对论”,现在还有很多人理解不了.45含蓄否定5.连词及某些短语引起的否定 常见的有:before,but,would ratherthan,rather than,tootoNever start to do the experiment before you have checked the meter.没有检查好仪表,切勿开始做实验.Gasoline is too volatile(易挥发的) to be kept in an open vessel.汽油太易挥发,不能存放在敞口的容器内.46含蓄否定They would rather use machine parts of plastics than use those of metals.他们宁可使用塑料机器零件,也不用金属机器零件.Large scale fish kills have been recorded in some Swedish lakes,and these