补全短文专项训练

1、补全短文专项训练(一)Development in Newspaper OrganizationOne of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century(1), which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports

2、were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue(2). Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.Ne

3、wspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers(3). A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or

4、 two newspapers, and (4). Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined (5). Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.to play an important role in newspaper operationswas the growth o

5、f telegraph servicesand they usually enjoy great prestigethey are usually operated by a single ownerin order to survive under the pressure of rising costsowned by a single person or organization KEY: BAFDE(二)The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They h

6、ave stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that(1). There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the Step pyramid and the Bent pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the s

7、ame as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often,(2). The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape(3). These are good reaso

8、ns why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids(4).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids them

9、selves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning(5). The first t

10、hing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.EXERCISE:A for stone to use in modern bui

11、ldingsB has made them less likely to fall into ruinC before they could begin to buildD because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE while building the pyramidsF they will continue to stand for thousands of years yetKey:FABDC(三)Einstein Named Person of CenturyAlbert Einstei

12、n, whose theories on space time and matter helped unravel the secrets of the atom and of the universe, was chosen as Person of the Century by Time magazine on Sunday. A man whose very name is synonymous with scientific genius, Einstein has come to represent_(1)_the flowering of 20th century scientif

13、ic thought that set the stage for the age of technology.The world has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological-technologies_(2)_, wrote theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a Time essay explaining Eins

14、teins significance. Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.Time chose as runner-up President Franklin Roosevelt to represent the triumph of freedom and democracy over fascism, and Mahatma Gandhi as an icon for a century when civil and human rights became crucial

15、factors in global politics.What we saw Franklin Roosevelt embodying the great theme of freedoms fight against totalitarianism, Gandhi personifying the great theme of individuals struggling for their rights, and Einstein being both a great genius and a great symbol of a scientific revolution that bro

16、ught with it amazing technological advances_(3)_, said Time Magazine Editor Walter Isaacson.Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879. In his early years, Einstein did not show the promise of what he was to become. He was slow to learn to speak and did not do well in elementary school. He could not

17、stomach organized learning and loathed taking exams.In1905, however, he was to publish a theory which stands as one of the most intricate examples of human imagination in history. In his Special Theory of Relativity, Einstein described how the only constant in the universe is the speed of light. Eve

18、rything else-mass, weight, space, even time itself-is a variable. And he offered the world his now-famous equation: energy equals mass times the speed of light squared-E=mc2.Indirectly, relativity paved the way for a new relativism in morality, art and politics, Isaacson wrote in an essay(4). There

19、was less faith in absolutes, not only of time and space but also of truth and morality.Einsteins famous equation was also the seed that led to the development of atomic energy and weapons. In1939, six years after he fled European fascism and settled at Princeton University, Einstein, an avowed pacif

20、ist, signed a letter to President Roosevelt urging the United States to develop an atomic bomb before Nazi Germany did. Roosevelt heeded the advice and formed the Manhattan Project_(5)_. Einstein did not work on the project.Einstein died in Princeton, New Jersey in 1955.A.explaining Times choiceshow

21、 he thought of the relativity theorymore than any other personthat secretly developed the first atomic weaponthat flowed directly from advances in basic sciencethat helped expand the growth of freedomKey: CEFAD(四)SupermarketSupermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad p

22、roduct assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. The s

23、upermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise,(1).The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. Most supermarkets emphasize price. Some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. Other supermark

24、ets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. Since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. They were

25、established by independents (2). Supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.Today stores usin

26、g the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions(3):A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. It offers more grocery and nonfood items. Many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their

27、new construction.Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-

28、on.For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. For example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). Supermarket

29、s have reacted to competitive pressures(5): Some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attune

30、d to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).A by size and assortmentB than a conventional supermarket doesC including building

31、materials, office products, and, of course, groceriesD attracting more customers with their low pricesE primarily in either of two waysF to compete with grocery chains KEYS: CFABE(五)Looking to the FutureWhen a magazine for high-school students asked its readers what life would be like in twenty year

32、s, they said: Machines would be run by solar power. Buildings would rotate so they could follow the sun to take maximum advantage of its light and heat. Walls would radiate light and change color with the push of a button. Food would be replaced by pills. School would be taught by electrical impulse

33、 while we sleep. Cars would have radar. Does this sound like the year 2000? Actually,and the question was, what will life be like in 1978?”The future is much too important to simply guess about, the way the high school students did, so experts are regularly asked to predict accurately. By carefully

34、studying the present, skilled businessmen, scientists, and politicians are supposedly able to figure out in advance what will happen. But can they? One expert on cities wrote:, but would have space for farms and fields. People would travel to work in airbuses, large all-weather helicopters carrying up to 200 passengers. When a person left the airbus station he could drive a coin-operated car equipped with radar. The r