2023年中考英语牛津译林版被动语态精讲

1、被动语态精讲一、主动语态与被动语态的概念英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者以下情况需要用被动语态：强调动作的对象（2）不知道或不需要说明动作的发出者（3）动作的发出 者很明显主动语态变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将 主动谓语变为被动谓语，将主动语态的主语变为by短语。例：They speak English.（主动语态）English is spoken by them. （被动语态）主 谓 介词短语及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例：（l）We listen to the teacher c

2、arefully in class.主谓 宾-The teacher is listened tn by us carefully in class.主谓 介词短语（2）We laughed at him.一He was laughed at by us.二、被动语态的结构与用法结构：be+done （过去分词），被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可 能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be,具体形式是由时态决定的。 用法：History is made by the people.（一般现在时）The cars were made in Tianjin in 1

3、995.（一般过去时）The tree will be cut down next year.（一般将来时）The book is being written.（现在进行时）At that time the building was being built.（过去进行时）The film has been seen by me.（现在完成时）They said that their work had been finished.（过去完成时）He said the trees would be planted soon.（过去将来时）The room must be kept clean.（含

4、有情态动词的被动语态）三、被动语态的各种句型（肯定句）（否认句）（一般疑问句）（肯定句）（否认句）（一般疑问句）The song is liked by young people.The song isnt liked by young people.Is the song liked by young people ?Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑问句）四、主动语态改被动语态的方法方法分为三步：把原句中的宾语改成主语动词改为被动形式be done（同时注意时态）原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做

5、事的人或物，如 果没有必要那么省去例：The man killed a tiger.一 A tiger was killed by the man.五、特殊句型的被动语态含有使役动词（make/let/have）或感官动词（ see, hear, smell, taste, feel, watch, find等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式, 但是在改成被动语态时，那么一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一 个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带t。,也可不带t。，但在被动语 态中也必须把to加上去。例： Mother often makes me do some

6、 housework.一I am often made to do some housework by mother.We saw him run into the classroom.一He was seen to run into the classroom by us.有些动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被 动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作 主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例： She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.一I was given a pen by he

7、r.一A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a new bike.二 My father bought a new bike for me.一I was bought a new bike by my father.A new b汰e was bought fbr me by my father.不及物动词+介词/副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能 丢掉。例： We should speak to old people politely.01d people should be spoken to politely by

8、us.He took away the box.一The box was taken away by him.含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）例：We call him Tom.主谓宾宾补一He is called Tom by us.He found the book very interesting.一The book was found very interesting by him.六、主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况感官连系动词如look, sound, smell, taste, feel无被动语态。彳列：It sounds a good idea. The

9、 skirt feels very soft.某些动词用作不及物动词，并且表示主语的属性，如sell, open, close, move, read, write, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, drive, carry, dry例： The book sells well. The pen writes smoothly.This coat wears well. The overcoat dries easily.有些动词如need, want, require, worth等，后接主动形式表示被动含义。彳列： The radio needs repairing. The book is worth reading.表示开始和结果的动词