高中英语语法讲义-形容词与副词

1、 高中英语语法讲义形容词与副词形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则（1）规则变化构成原级比较级最局级一般加-er和-eststrongstrongerstrongest以字母e结尾只加-r, -stlatelaterlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的 重读闭音节，双写这一 辅首字母后再加-er, -esthotthinhotterthinnerhottestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾 的词，变y为i再加-er,-estangry ugly earlyangrier uglier earlierangriest ugliest earliest其他双音节和多音节 词，在形谷词前加 more

2、或 mostenthusiasticmore enthusiasticmost enthusiastic汪思：词尾为“元音字母+y”时，y不变，直接加-er或-est。grey fgreyerfgreyest有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。common-commoner/ more common fcommonest/ most commoncleverf cleverer/ more clever f cleverest/ most cleversimplef simpler/ more simple f simplest/ most simpl

3、e在原级形容词前加less, least而构成的比较级与最高级称为“较低级”与“最低级”形式。kind f less kind f least kindusefulfless usefulfleast useful一些复合形容词的比较等级。well-known f better-known f best known有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，故没有比较级和最高级。如：right正确的，wrong错误的，excellent最好的，final最后的，last最后的，possible可能的，first第一，east东方的，empty空的，wooden木 制的，impossibl

4、e不可能的，favorite最喜欢的。（2）不规则变化原级比较级最tWj级good/well （身体好）betterbestbadworseworstfarfarther （指距离：更远的）；further （等同于farther或指程 度：更深入的）farthest （指距离：最远的）；furthest （等同于 farthest 或指 程度：最深入的）oldolder （指年龄、新旧：较老 的、较旧的；指血缘：年纪较 长的，此时等同于elder） ;elder（指血缘：年纪较长的）oldest （指年龄、新旧：最老 的、最旧的；指血缘：最年长 的，此时等同于 eldest） ;eldest

5、（指血缘：最年长的）形容词的比较等级（一）平级比较的句型as+原级+as+被比较对象，意为“和 一样”。He is as diligent as the monitor.not so/ as+原级+as+被比较对象，意为：不如 Tom is not so busy as Dick.（二）比较级的句型.主语+谓语+形容词比较级+than+被比较的对象，意为：比更Do you know why winter is colder than summer?.主语+谓语+the+形容词比较级+of+（两者比较）He is the taller of the two brothers.主语+谓语+no+形

6、容词比较级+than+被比较对象，意为： 和一样不He is no more careful than you（ are）. the+形容词比较级 the+形容词比较级 ，意为：越 越The harder you study, the greater progress youll make.形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级/more and more+原级，意为：越来越 Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job.其他形式的比较级句式：be senior to比一年龄大I am five years senior to Jane.=I

7、 am five years older than Jane.=I am older than Jane by five years.be junior to 比 年轻Jane is five years junior to me.=Jane is five years younger than me.=Jane is younger than me by five years.be superior to 比好This computer is superior to the one you bought.=This computer is better than the one you bo

8、ught.be inferior to 比差This photo is inferior to that one.=This photo is worse than that one.（三）最高级的句型the+形容词最高级（+名词）+表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.=Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country.the+

9、序数词+形容词最高级+名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.“否定词+形容词比较级”表示最高级的意思No one can be more careful than he is.形容词比较级 +than any other+名词单数He is busier than any other worker in his workshop.(四)注意表示倍数的几种句式.倍数+as+形容词原级+as.倍数+形容词比较级+than.倍数 +the size, length, etc.+ of . The+名词+be+倍数+what从句.

10、The+名词 +be+ 倍数 +that/ those of Asia is four times as large as Europe. = Asia is four times larger than Europe. =Asia is four times the size of Europe.用所给词的适当形式填空： One way to develop self-confidence is to do the thing that you fear and to get a record of(success) experience behind you.-What is the(di

11、fficult) part of your job?-Handling the angry customers is the toughest. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as an (efficiency) way of reaching target customers.答案 successful most difficult efficient副词（一）形容词+ -ly构成副词的规则情况构成例词一般情况加-lyquick-quickly brave-bravely immediate-i

12、mmediately辅音字母+y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasy-easily, happy-happily heavy-heavily, busy-busilyle结尾去e力口 -ysimple-simply, gentle-gently元音字母+e结尾去e加-lytrue-trulyll结尾只加-yfull-fully, dull-dullyic结尾加-allybasic-basically, scientific-scientifically（二）副词的比较等级.副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则（1）规则变化：与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成规则相同。（2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级well

13、betterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther （指距离）further （指距离和抽象概念）farthest （指距离）furthest （指距离和抽象概念）.副词比较等级的用法副词的原级、比较级及最高级的用法和结构均与形容词相对应的用法和结构一致。用法上，只需将相应结构中的形 容词换成副词即可。This kind of language appeared as early as the Stone Age.It doesnt rain so/ as frequently here as it does in ou

14、r country.Anthony is out of shape. I can run faster and farther than him.The car runs less smoothly than it used to.Josie speaks Chinese no more fluently than her brother.I run not faster than anyone else in my class.The more we know each other, the better we understand each other.The fire spread fu

15、rther and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.Of all the subjects, I like art (the) best.小结：形容词和副词用法1,形容词：定语形容词+名词/不定彳t词+形容词表语 系代词（be） +形容词补语 find/keep/make/ think等+宾语+形容词状语形容词，S V. / SV,形容词.2,副词：副词,S V . / S副词 V. / S V ,副词.be +副词+形容词/ done/副词用所给词的适当形式填空The aim of education is to te

16、ach young people to think for themselves and not follow others(blind).The hotel is modern and(comfortable) furnished.I can offer you $50, but I can t go any(far) than that.答案： blindly comfortablyfurther形容词练习While rising to challenge may expose you to great trouble, in the long run, you will find it(

17、benefit).We shouldnt complain about being poor, because many families are much (bad-off) after the big earthquake.People are (enthusiasm) shoppers in China on November 11 th, contributing to more than 35 billion online shopping sales.She is one of the most helpful,(consideration) and reliable people

18、 I have ever had the pleasure to know.Rome was not built in a day. You should set (reality) goals and work hard to achieve them.Five years later. the man became one of the (big) food retailers in the US.The electronic red-packet has been so (popularity) that AliPay and Tencent WeChat compete against

19、 each other openly and secretly since the beginning of this year.No one is beyond the law, so it is(reason) that the talented young university student was sentenced to death for murdering his roommate with poison.Im not a little tried today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never

20、had as (tire) a day as today.Excuse me, may I have a word with Mr. Jackson?1 m afraid hes not (availability) now. He s having a meeting upstairs.副词练习Peter has been the least physically fit member in the family but (strange) proud of his image.W6 ve got no coffee. Let s have tea .You haven t changed

21、at-aylou still look (exact) the same as before.What s your plan for the future?1 hope to attend my dream college in China at first and (eventual) work for Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.(origin),we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the

22、sea. (fortunate),neither of them could swim.The farmers living conditionsveaimproved (significance) ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.You are to meet with frustration in the pursuit of success and your dream will definitely come true through greater effort and hard work.

23、 Put it (simple). ” No pnongain. ”Could you (possible) take care of my dog while I m away?Sure. Leave it to me, please.Although I majored in English, language (surprising) became a challenge when I set foot in the USA for the first time.语法填空A:阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Some people think tha

24、t they will get ill if they use their brains (大月百) 1 much. It is not true. Through many researches, scientists show us that the 2 (much)you use your brains, the better it will be, and the 3 (clever) you will become.Of course, if you want to keep your mind 4 (clearly) and active, you must take a prop

25、er rest and study 5 (proper). To the teenagers, using their brains in the morning is 6 (well) for their health.There are many ways to rest. One is a 7 (peace) rest. Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an 8 (act) rest. For example, take a walk 9 (outdoor)and do some exercises every day. To change th

26、e way of the brains activities (活 动)is also a good way to rest.In everyday life, to eat some eggs, meat, fresh vegetable and fruit is also good for the brains.Wish you a wise man and a 10 (happily) life. 3. 4.5.6.7.8.9.10.B:阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Bob: Hi, Mary. I know that you had lived

27、 in China for 1 (near)twenty years before you came here. I ve planned to visit China next year. Could you tell me when is the 2(good)time to go there?Mary: The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and earlyNovember. During these months, the weathe

28、r is 3 (particular)pleasant throughout the country, neither too 4 nor too cold.Bob: OK. You know I m5 (interest)in tasting all kinds of food all over the world. How about the 6 food?Mary: Well, Chinese food is delicious and 7 (reasonable)priced. What is even 8 (good)is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips.Bob: But how do I order the food? I know nothing about Chinese.Mary: Language can be a problem in China, 9 (especial)for first-time visitors. Therefore, it is a good idea to learn some _ 10(base)words and phrases before you get there. Moreover, you can ca