gzw新gre6-10套阅读部分解析新模考题

1、Verbal Section 1Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage.Before Gibson, popular discourse surrounding the Information Age often d cted the current era as one in which advanced technologies liberate the worker from the burden of material labor. Yet despite their claims for a radical break

2、with the past, such represen ions both draw upon, and reinforce, traditional Western conceptions ofthe autonomous laborer as an active,anic subject distinct from the passive inanic machine. In contrast,Gibsons characters struggle to comprehend how bodies themselves are marked by historical and mater

3、ialcircumstan, and by extending theirstemological systems to pros their technological markings, suchcharacters are able to fe limited allianwith one another and retaheir agency without disappearingo orfleeing from this brave new world. Unfortunay, Gibson does not wholeheartedly chion these alternati

4、vems of labor and agency over their dominant countarts they are maained at only great physical and solcost but the Neuromancer trilogy takes an important step toward revealing the limits of our traditionalconceptions of the laboring body.在 Gibson 之前，关于信息时代的大众经常把当前时代描述为一个先进的技术将工人们从物质劳动的负担下解放出来的年代。然而，

5、尽管他们的观点中包含了一个与过去的根本的分离，这种表达利用并且加强了西方传统的关于独立劳动者的观念，即劳动者是主动的有机的与的无机的机器分离开来的主体。与此形成对比的是，Gibson 笔下的主人公们不断挣扎着试图去理解人们是怎样印上历史和物质环境的印记的，并且，通过扩展他们的认识论系统去处理人们的技术印记，这些主人公能够制造出人和人之间有限的联系并且会保持他们的力量不至于于或者逃离这个美丽。不幸的是，Gibson 没有在它们的主要对应物之上全心全意的支持这些选择性的劳动力和力量的模型，只有在巨大的物质和社会代价之下这些模型才能够得以维持，但是神经漫游者面迈出了重要一步。在揭示关于劳动者的传统概

6、念的局限性方1.The passage is primarily concerned withng which of the following?recognizing the usefulness of traditional Western values towardA.Lauding Gibsons achievement in technologyAdvocating Gibsons work as an exlaborB.le of an unorthodox and useful view of the bodys relationship toC.D.E.Criticizing

7、Gibsons lack of reliance on alternative ms of laborAdvancing a thesis concerning the limiions of traditional conceptions of the laboring body.Explaining, on the level of craft, how Gibsons work varies fromt of his peers.A.B.Gibson 的成就不是 recognizing the usefulness of traditional Western values toward

8、s technology.文章前两句阐述了传统观念上技术和劳动者之间的关系，第三句写了 Gibson 关于这一关系的不同观点，第四句评价了Gibson 的成就。所以 B 选项是正确的。C.D.E.文章第四句的确了 Gibson 的这一之处，但批评 Gibson 不是作者的主要目的。文章的重点是阐述并评价 Gibson 的作品，而不仅仅是阐述某种理论。文章没有提到“on the level of craft”方面的内容。2.Which of the following best describes the authors attitude toward Gibsons work?A. Rejec

9、tion, on the grounds of Gibsons unqualified pessimism concerning the uses of machineryB.C.D.E.Praise fibsons thesis, despite skepticism at the ultimate effects of his workUncritical approval for all but Gibsons rejection of traditional Western ms of laborReluctant acceptance of the nesity of Gibsons

10、 work to the canon oft-modern literatureEnthusiasm tempered by minor reservations for Gibsons reluctant support for unorthodox maction and labors of了 Gibson 的之处，之后又肯定了 Gibson 的成就，可以看出作者对文章最后一句先是遗憾的Gibson 的作品态度是有保留的赞扬。A.B.C.D.E.只有，不正确。作者没有怀疑 Gibson 作品的 ultimate effect，作者在最后一句肯定了 Gibson 作品的ultimate ef

11、fect。完全的赞扬，这也是不对的。勉强接受，不正确。有保留的赞扬，“Gibsons reluctant support for unorthodox ms of action and labor”是最后一句中作者的Gibson 的之处，但是总体上作者对Gibson 是正评价，所以E 正确。3.The author of the passage bevest the Neuromancer trilogy would have been improved had GibsonA.B.C.D.E.chosen to focus less on the limits on the traditio

12、nal view of the body as a laboring devicetreated in greater depth thestemological systems of laborers whom he admiresrepresented alternative ms of labor without qualifying them with costsused characters who succeed in realizing how they are marked by machineryelaborated more fully concerning the ms

13、of labort are dominant over his current ms最后一句作者了Gibson 作品中的遗憾：“Gibson does not wholeheartedly chion these alternativems of labor and agency over their dominant countarts”，所以，如果这一点得到改善，Neuromancer就会改善。所以正确是 C 选项。Questions 7 to 9 are based on the following reading passage.One reason why a sheep, a le

14、ss wel derstood experimental subject n the laboratory mouse, should have proved easier to clone may stem from differen in the initial stages of the two species embryonic development. After reaching maturity in the ovary of the mother, the unfertilized eggs of all mammals accumulate a supply of prote

15、ins, and the means of producing fresh protein. In this way, the mammalian egg brings with it a larder for the embryo to make use of until its own genes activate and supply this requirementthemselves. The sheep embryo dis es of its store properly and need not depend on its own genes until thesixteen-

16、cell stage, four cell divicsive to fertilization, while in contrast, the mouse embryo commenthis pros more precociously,ing reliant on the activity of its own genes after just thediviwhenthe fertilized egges two cells.Therefore, a foreign nucleusroducedo a sheep egg exploits a respitein its hosts bi

17、ological development, allowing it to adapt to its new roefore aming genetic control.itantly, a nucleusroducedo a mouse egg must acclimatize quickly for its genes to be able todirect embryonic development within a single cell divi, so perhaps there is insufficient time for the extensivere-programming

18、 of compulsory gene activity. The human embryo is thought to rely on its own genes after threecellular divis, whiight or might not provide time enough for a foreign nucleus to acclimate. However,were scientists to comprehend the nature of the indispensable re-programming then there is every likeliho

19、odtboth mice and humans could be cloned.Despite the long-standing availability of this technology, there has until recently been littleerest in it. Some people suffering from infertility as a result of rare hereditary diseases could produce offspring, blonedindividuals may be at risk given scientist

20、s limited knowledge of the long term effects of allowing an “old” adultcell nucleus to commence life again in an egg. The nucleus of a skin cell could have accumulated a multitude ofgenetic mistakes of no consequence to its rolehe skin, but the same cell could prove deleterious in other ties,or imme

21、nsely increase the probability of the affliction with cancer. The threat to general human healthed bycloning, as oped to the individual, is difficult to determine, but the risks are almost certainly lowern thoseencounteredhe effective inbreeding of consanguine marriages, and thus there are no scient

22、ific grounds per sefor banning cloning. Like othdeemed undesirable on moral or soractiinconsequential to the physical well being of humanity, but generallyl grounds, the prohibition of human cloning will ultimay rest with only asimple pragmatic deci.为什么羊，一个并不像实验鼠那样被很好的了解的试验品，会更容易被克隆，其中一个原因来源于两个物种胚胎发

23、育初期阶段的差异。在中达到成熟之后，所有动物的卵都会积累蛋白质的供给以及产生蛋白质的方法。用这种方法，哺乳动物的卵自身就携带了可供胚胎利用的储藏室直到胚胎的激活并能供给自身的营养需求。绵羊的胚胎很好的安排了自己的营养储备，并不需要依赖胚胎自身的直到 16 细胞阶段，即后连续四次细胞之后的阶段，相比之下，老鼠的胚胎更早的开始了这一过程，在卵仅仅一次变为两个细胞之后，胚胎就开始依赖自身的行为。所以，一个引入绵羊的外来细胞核可以充分利用新环境。的生物发育特点，在发挥的控制作用前很好的去适应它的与此同时，引入老鼠的细胞核必须迅速适应环境以使得细胞核的能够在一次细胞内就引导胚胎的发育，所以，也许没有足够

24、的时间给强制行为进行大量的重新编程。人们认为人类的胚胎在三次细胞后开始依赖于自身的，这可能会也可能不会给外来细胞核足够的时间去适应新环境。然而，如果科学家理解了不可缺少的再编程的过程性质，那么，老鼠和人类都极有可能被克隆。尽管这项技术长期以来具有可用性，直到最近人们对它也一直没什么。一些由于罕见的遗传疾病而不能的人能够拥有后代，但是，考虑到科学家对于让一个“老的”成人细胞核在一颗中重新产生生命这种做法的长期影响的知识还很有限，克隆的也许会存在风险。皮肤细胞的细胞核能够，但是同样的细胞在其他组织中是有害的，积累起各种错误，这些错误在皮肤细胞中不会带来也可能会增加患的可能性。克隆带来的对于整个人类

25、健康的，不同于对于某个，是很难决定的，但是这种风险肯定比近亲结婚带来的同系繁殖造成的风险要低，所以，目前还没有科学的依据去禁止克隆。就像其他对于人类身体健康无关紧要，但是由于道德或社会背景而被认为不合理的行为一样，克隆人最终将取决于一个简单实用的决定。4.his passage, the author is primarily concerned withA.advancing an argument against human cloning based on evidence from cloning experiments performed onlower life formsB.C.

26、D.E.measuring the technical limiions of the embryonic cloning prosammalsrefuting arguments against human cloning through the use of hard scientific evidenceilluminating the critical ethical distinctions in pros betn human cloning and sheep cloningdescribing how the ethical iembryonic developmentes i

27、n the quest for human cloning have given rise to new ms ofA.文章只说了克隆技术目前的一些技术上的，并没有克隆人，第三段第四句也阐述“there areno scientific grounds per se for banning cloning”，所以 A 不正确。1,2 段阐述克隆过程中外来细胞核能否快速适应新环境以实现克隆，3 段主要阐述克隆技术未知的危险性，这都可以认为是在衡量克隆技术在技术上的限制，所以 B 选项正确。B.C.D.E.文中没有给出“hard scientific evidence”去驳斥对于克隆人的。只有最后

28、一句涉及了ethical 方面的内容，所以 illuminating the critical distinction 不是文章的。与 D 选项类似，Ethical ie 不会成为文章的主旨。For the following questions, consider each of the choiseparay and select allt apply.5.Which of the following does the author suggest concerning the cloning pros?A.The sheep was chosen as an ideal subject

29、because of its genetic development, not for its precedence as aresearch subject.B.C.The earr the foreign nucleus ames genetic control of the embryo, the more sucsful it will likely be.The unfertilized sheep egg acquires a limitlespply of protein from the mothers ovary.A.文章第一句说：“为什么羊，一个并不像实验鼠那样被很好的了解

30、的试验品，会更容易被克隆，其中一个原因来源于两个物种胚胎发育初期阶段的差异。”而初期阶段的差异就是指的的激活。所以选择羊是因为它的1,2 阐述的内容说明外来特点，而不是因为它作为试验品的优势。所以A 正确。B.要在胚胎开始依靠自身之前发挥作用，克隆才可能成功，所以，外来越早控制胚胎，克隆越容易成功，所以 B 正确。C.第一段第四句阐述“哺乳动物的卵自身就携带了可供胚胎利用的储藏室直到胚胎的给自身的营养需求”所以，卵得到的营养供给不是无限的。所以 C 错误。激活并能供6.Which of the following hypothetical scientific discoveries, if

31、made, would weaken the authors argumentsconcerning the risks of human cloning?A.B.C.Through careful anded study, cloning proves to be less riskyn consanguineous breeding.A laboratory pros for reducing the number of stageshe cell divipros is developed.A non-cloning method for curing human fertility i

32、s discovered, thereby reducing the need to rely uponcloning.D.E.A procedure for easing the acclimation of a foreign nucleushe embryonic host is established.A means of assessing genetic mistakes in a foreign nucleus before its implemeniondevised.o a clone is最后一段第三句阐述了人类克隆的性，即外来细胞的错误会对其他组织造成危害，而如果能够评估

33、A.错误的性，就可以避免这宗危害，从而降低人类克隆的性，所以选项正确。比近亲结婚的性低并不能降低人类克隆的性，性依然存在，作者考虑的是人类克隆的性，而不是比较人类克隆和其他行为的性，所以选项不能削弱作者的结论。B.C.D.E.文中没有阐述减少细胞过程的阶段与人类克隆的性，所以选项无关。减少了对克隆的依赖不代表降低了克隆过程的风险，所以选项无关。文中没有阐述外来细胞核在胚胎中的累计与错误导致的风险之间的关系，所以错误。正确。Question 10 is based on the following reading passage.In each of the past five years, B

34、arralands prison population has increased. Yet, according to offilernment sistics, for none of those years has there been either an increasehe number of criminal casesbrought to trial, or an increase in the rate at which convictions have been obtained. Clearly, therefore, thepercentage of people con

35、victed of crimes who are being given prison sentenis on the increase.Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?In Barraland the range of punishmentst can be imed instead of a prison sentence is wide.Over the last ten years, overcrowding in the prisons of Barraland has esse

36、ntially been eliminated as a result of an ambitious program of prison construction.C.Ten years ago, Barraland reformed its criminal justiystem, iming longer minimum sentenforthose crimes for which a prison sentence had long been mandatory.Barraland has been supervising convicts on parole more closel

37、y in recent years, with the resultD.t paroleviolations havee significantly less frequent.E.The number of people in Barraland who feelit was five years ago.t crime is on the increase is significantly greater nownMany microanismrvive such environmental stresses as heat, cold and desiccation not by rar

38、atesof mitosis, but by producing spelized cells designed to persist in a dormant se in hostile environments. Most fungi, for exle, yield single-celled spores, which, through wind distribution, can survive for long periodsof time before germinating and sprouting fungal filaments of their own. Other t

39、ypes of bacteria produce aspel type of spore called an endospore, capable of withstanding such extremes as boiling and freezingtemperatures, and even ultraviolet radiation.Though research results remaenive, several factors may protect endospores from environmental stress:they have a low water conten

40、t, unusual proteins and a tough spore coat absentature bacterial cells. Whengarden fruits and vegetables, which may contain botulism endospores, are pby canning at boilingtemperatures, we knowgenerate the botulism toxt these spores survive the heat and sprout in the food, and as a result, the bacter

41、iahat can lead to food poisoning proof of their magnificent resince.很多微生物能够在热、冷以及干燥等环境压力下生存，不是依靠快速的有丝，而是靠产生一种专门的细胞在恶劣的环境中持续处于一种休眠状态。比如说大多数真菌，产生一种单细胞的孢子，这种孢子通过风，能够在发芽并且长出自己的菌丝之前存活很长时间。另一种细菌产生一种很特别的叫做内生孢子的特别孢子，能够抵御诸如的沸腾和冰冻的温度，甚至是紫外线辐射。尽管研究结果还是暂定的，有几种能够在环境压力下保护内生孢子：内生孢子的低含水量，特殊蛋白质和成细菌细胞不具备的结实的孢子壳。当果园中含

42、有肉毒内孢子的水果和蔬菜在煮沸温度下通过罐头保存时，知道这些孢子在加热过程中生存了下来，并且在植物中发芽，结果细菌产生了导致食物毒毒素，这证明了细菌超群的抵抗力。8.The authors primary purehe passage is toA.B.C.D.E.describe the limits of biologists understanding of the phenomenon of cellular dormancyexplain how certainanisms have adapted to withstand environmental adversitycontra

43、st the survival techniques of twoexplain why endospores are so adepanisms which use dormancy to survive hostile environmentssurviving the traditional canning prossuggest whiethods are effective for killing endospores at which are notA.文章重点不是阐述科学家对细胞休眠的理解的局限性，而是阐述细菌靠特殊细胞在环境压力下如何生存。所以不对。B.C.D.E.特定组织如何

44、承受环境压力，这是文章的。单细胞孢子和内生孢子只是作者为了说明微生物抵御环境压力举得两个例子，并没有对比这两者。内生孢子只是文章的局部内容，不是文章的主旨。没有谈到 killing endospore。For the following question, consider each of the choiseparay and select allt apply.9.Which of the following have been mentionedhe passage as environmental stressest can be survived bymicroanismst pra

45、ctice cellular dormancy?A.B.C.Low temperatures Ultraviolet radiationHigh temperatures第三句中分别列举了几种细菌能够克服的环境压力，正确是ABC。10.It may be inferred from the passaget, in contrast to their present view, microbiologists once bevedtA.B.C.D.E.only a single feature of endospore biology was responsible for their suc

46、spotentially, a canning pros could be developedt was capable of destroying all endosporesultraviolet radiation was asible means of destroying microanismst practice cellular dormancycellular mitosis was the root cause of the resince of the microanisms under discusonly single-celledanisms, like those

47、of fungal spores, could practice cellular dormancy文章第一句说：“很多微生物能够在热、冷以及干燥等环境压力下生存，不是依靠快速的有丝，而是靠产生”，可以推测曾经的观点认为微生物是靠有丝抵御环境压力的，所以 D 正确。Endospore, cellular dormancy 都是目前研究的内容，文章中没有阐述之前的生物学家对 endospore 和cellular dormancy 的以其他选项都比较容易排除。Section 2Questions 5 and 6 are based on the following reading passage

48、.Crosbys recent study of American historical demography is blithely based on the reconstitution of therecords of single parish, a methodt often excludes migrants. Moreover, it is troublesome for historians toobtain information on the birthdates of people who relocated to the parish, and equally diff

49、icult to follow those whohad migrated tplaof residence. Thus, the excluof migrants also followed from the way spatialunits were once conceived by the parishioners themselves, a stable and unchanging pre-modern countryside oferchangeable towns unlike “modern” flows to cities.As a result, migration wa

50、s improperly amed to be irrelevant because the smalitshe countrysidewereerchangeable and migrantso a parish could thus stand as a proxy for those who had left. In any case,it was thoughtt migrationhe countryside was repetitive and occurred only in response to life course events,such as finding a spo

51、use, and thus, like the parishioners themselves, Crosby complacently equates thedemographics of migrants to those of more sedimentary populations.Crosby 最近关于历史统计学的研究轻松地基于对单个教区的的还原，这种方法将排除在外。另外，历史学家要获得那些迁移到教区的的出生日期是非常麻烦的，追踪那些到新地方的也同样麻烦。这样，对于的排除也延续了教区自己对于区域的看法，即，区域是一个稳定不变的现代化之前的由可互换的乡镇组成的郊区，不同于迁向城市的“现

52、代”人群。结果，由于郊区的小的是可以互换的，并且迁入一个教区的就可以因此代替那些迁出的人，迁移被不合理的认为是不相关的。在任何情况下，乡村的迁移都被认为是重复进行的，并且往往是对于生活过程中事件的反应，比如说寻找配偶等，因此，就像教区人民本身，Crosby 很得意地将迁移的统计特征等同于那些的统计特征。he passage, the author is primarily concerned withsummarizing the findings of a studyplacing new research within its historical contextC.D.E.evaluat

53、ing the methodology of a historian comparing various demographical techniquesestablishing categories本文是一片评述型文章，评价 Crosby 在研究中忽略度。的这种研究方法，并对 Crosby 的这种方法给出负态A.B.C.D.E.文章没有阐述 Crosby 的研究中发现了什么，所以错误。将一个新的研究置于历史环境中，没有出现 historical context 方面的内容，B 错误。评价学者的研究方法，正确。文中只出现了忽略不相关，易排除这法，没有比较不同的统计学方法。2.According

54、 to the passage, Crosby has made which of the following ademography?mptions concerning means of historicalA.Migration isost cases diced by life course events as oped to the economic factorst contributeto the development of cities.Population growth tends not to affect the availability of proxies for

55、replacing emigrants from population centers.B.C.D.E.Sedimentary populations are more historically significantn nomadic or migratory ones.It is permissible to rely upon a single source of information in studying population characteristics. Migration can be disregarded as a demographic pattern in hist

56、orical contexts prior to the development of large cities.文章中没有提到 economic factors 和contribution to the development of cities，A 不对。没提到 population growth。没有对比 sedimentary population 和 nomadic population 对于历史的意义。文章第一句说：“based on the reconstitution of the records of single parish”，所以 Crosby 假设这种方法是合理的，是

57、 permissible 的。所以D 正确。没有提到 disregard 以及 development of large cities。Question 7 is based on the following reading passage.Tiger beetles are such fast runnerst they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, whenrunning toward an insect, the beetlesermittently stop, and then, a moment later,

58、 resume their attack. Perhaps theycannot maaheir pace and must pause for a moments rest; butternative hypothesis ist while runningtiger beetles are unable to prostop.s the resulting raly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and3.Which of the following, if discovered in experiments us

59、ing artifiof the two hypotheses and undermine the other?lly moved prey insects, would support oneA.When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetles been chasing it, the beetle immediay turnsand runs away without its usualermittent stop.B.In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond

60、immediay to changeshe insects direction,and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.C.The beetles maain a fixed timeerval betn pauses, although when an insectt had beensionary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.D.If, when a beetle pauses,