新概念英语第三册笔记第56课上课教案上课自学可直接使用（下）

1、We have special rive】 birthday pailies in the summer.Sometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater,Upstream adv.向（在）上游；逆流地adj.向（在）上游的；逆流而上的Upstairs downstairsTo表目的地或落足点sometimes we have oui party at the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the faim built in the meadow ha】d by the deepest po

2、ol for swimming and diving.注意举办派对的动词不仅是hold,还有万能动词have注意这里几个介词短语分别做后置定语，地点状语，目的状语等Hard by 介词词性（old-fashioned）很接近；临近 very near sthIn a heat wave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most exciting of all.In a heat wave在大热天 heatwave n酷暑期；热浪Choose =choose to have a midnight birthday party

3、Do you Believe in aliens?二二 do you believe that there are aliens in the world?The+形容词=名词表一类，这里的形容词是最高级的，相对具体的一类，用了单数isWe welcome the seasons by the riveiside, ciowning the youngest girl with flowers in the spring, holding a summe】 festival on Midsummer Eve, giving thanks for the harvest in the autum

4、n, and thiowing a holly wreath into the current in the winter.Welcome the seasons对象用了拟人手法by介词：在的旁边（由，被；通过；相差；到之前；在旁边） 几个现在分词做welcome的伴随状语Festival的节日，除了法定意义上，还有类似series of events such as musical concerts,这样的节 比方carnival就是一个特殊的节日，嘉年华，狂欢节Give thank to/for thank for为.而感谢 thank to 1、感谢的对象 2、幸亏，多亏Current

5、n.电流（趋势，电流，水流，气流）流（持续不断的）（1、水流，潮流；2、气流3、电流4、思潮；潮流；趋向）a cold current 寒流 an alternating/a direct current 交流/直流电 -go with the current 随波逐流I felt a current of cool air the current of times 潮流 -against the current 逆流 electric current 电流 current adj. 1 只做定语目前的,现在的，当前的-current affairs 时事 -current price 时价

6、-the current week/year 本周2、通用的；流通的；流行的（1当下且2主流正被使用或接受或流行by most people）-current money 通行货币（金）currently adv.普遍地，通常地，现在，当前currency n. 1 流通,2、货币（概念）stream 1、小河；溪 2、（of sb/sth）流；（液）流；（气）流；（人）流；（车）流3、一连串，接二 连三，源源不断（的事情）A stream of blood - a stream of visitors - a constant stream of questionsgust 1、一阵强风；一

7、阵狂风2、（感情的）迸发，爆发，发作 V （of the wind风）猛刮；劲吹a gust of wind a gust of laughtertorrent 1、急流;激流;洪流2、（谩骂、问题等的）连发，迸发（劈头盖脸，狂风暴雨）After a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks.After介词短语做时间状语Overflow 1 vt&vi 溢出；漫出no passive vi be overflowing with sth/sb 挤满 注意，是不及物v.（尤指液体）溢出；（容器）满得溢出；挤满人了；淹没（某一外表或地

8、区）n.泛滥；挤不下或多余的人（或物）；溢流管；数据过载This is a ra】e occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes.occurrenceSomething that happens frequent occurrence 常见事 rare occurrence 罕见事 common occurrence 平常事 As引导原因状语从句Go to extremeextreme n.极端（数极限值；常用复数在两末端的事物;）adj.极端的，过激的；极限的，非常的； go to extreme（s） to do做某事走极端He we

9、nt to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.go from one extreme to the other 从一个极端走向 另一个极端extremely adv. 极端地；非常，很;绝；extremist *主义者，过激分子extremism |i k stri: mi zam n.极端主义；极端性；过激主义We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of oui

10、 farm, are effected by flooding, but other farms are less favorably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their owners. In that当that作介词宾语（名词性从句中）时,that不可省掉。That定从做成分，状从（一般原因状从glad that或是目的结果状从）不做成分，此点类似名词性从句 注意介词后加 which 是定语从句，一定搞清楚，名词性从句that是陈述句，定语从句 which 是关系代词。 介词in后接that名词性从句，that

11、是附属连词。由于that从句通常不能做介词宾语，只有三个介词in, but, except （besides that少见）可以后接that从句，所以有些语法家就把in that, but that, except that分析为复合 连词,而不是介词+that从句，这样的话，that从句不能做介词宾语就没有例外了。in that是引导原因状语从句的连词之一。此时的that是附属连词，不是关系代词。But that=but for表达虚拟语气“如果不是（或假设非）、要不是某些细节，总体就如何”Except that引导让步状从“总体如何，只是某个细节不尽人意”besides that引导让步状

12、从,此外，除了，except是除去了beside是除了 （包括）如果介词后需要接陈述性的名词性从句，可以用it作形式宾语或者fact作同位语从句补充：介词后面接不定式做宾语，只有but和except。且前有do后无to。但是，表示“除之外”的besides通常后接动名词。不过，假设句子里含有实义动词do,那么besides后也可接不带to的不定式（不如接动名词普通）。虽然介词后直接跟不定式作宾语的用法非常有限，但介词后跟“连接代词或副词+不定式”的用法那么比拟 普通。Make up组成；弥补，补足；化妆；编造Make up 弥补 make up for 弥补Flooding：发洪水 flood

13、s洪水One bad winter we watched the river cieep up the lower meadows.Crawl / creep / climb crawl 贴地的状态creep v. 1） to move in a quiet, careful way 悄悄地去，悄悄地缓慢行进creep into the roomcreeps in or creeps back, without people realizing or without them wanting it. 悄 T肖出现/而生 实物比方蛇，抽象的比方脸红blush,消极的可以是An increasin

14、g ratio of mistakes错误率sth creeps somewhere, it moves very slowly. 渐渐蔓延a rate or number creeps up to a higher level, it gradually reaches that level. 攀升eg. A faint blush crept on to her face. Eg: The inflation rate has been creeping up to 9.5 per cent.通胀率All the cattle had been moved into stalls and

15、we stood to lose little.Cattle 单复数同型，police,sheep,deer,people,Chinese,swiss,fish 等Stall注意是复数（小隔间）StandV 可能获得/ 可能失去 If you stand to gain something, you are likely to gain it. If you stand to lose something, you are likely to lose it. Stand to do 有可能会怎样V-LINK 处于（某种状况或局面）You can use stand instead of be

16、* when you are describing the present state or condition of something or someone.同时：stand to实意动词时这一结构，表示“遵守，坚持，后接名词或代词等.A man should stand to his promise.一个男子汉应该信守诺言.另外：stand doing忍受做某事.I cant stand sitting and doing nothing,我受不了整天坐着无事可做.We were, however, worried about oui nearest neighbors, whose f

17、arm was low lying and who we】e newcomers to the district.Low lying low本身有副词词性修饰动词lie。另外：low-lying是一个形容词：低洼的，近于（或低于）海平面的Newcomers to注意介词to,对于来首As the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how they were managing.Floods,洪水，注意和上文中的flooding发洪水，区分语义上细致的差异。Put sth out of order使故障

18、，弄坏 反义词：put in order整理，检修Be out of order混乱，没有秩序；故障，失调；办事欠妥的Manage vt.管理；经营；控制；设法（做成某事manage to do/it） vi.处理；成功应对Vi If you manage, you succeed in coping with a difficult situation. 成功应又寸常用短语：I can manage, Fil manage我能应付From an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their land jo

19、ined ou】s, and at the most criticaltincture we took turns in watching that pointsight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。scene指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可人工造成的。scenery指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。 view普通和词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。Join vt.参加；和道；结合；连接vi.加入；参加；结合n.结合；连接；接合点Vt连接；接合 引申出接壤vt （线路、河流）汇合政治概念上的接壤border n.边境；边界；国界

20、vt.接近；与接壤；在上镶边vi.接界在表示“接壤”时，join指“静止”物的状态 而connect相对指连接这个动作join侧重把原来不相连接的物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。connect指两事物在某一点上相连接，但彼此又保持独立。link指连环式的连接，或用接合物或其它方式连接，还可指一事物与另一事物的联系或关系。Take turns in doing： take turns to do sth, take turns doing sth, take turns at doing sth 和 take turns in doing sth 的意思都是“轮流做某事，没有什么区别，其中ta

21、ke turns in doing是英国英语。In可以省略The first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down.分词短语做后置定语sign普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，标志，也可指某种情况的征兆。Omen oomon n./vt 预示着； 预兆，征兆 This is a good/bad omen The clouds omen rain.什么的征兆the omen of用的是of= the sign ofpreludeprelju:d n.序幕，前奏prelude 与介词 to 搭配表示“的前奏 key/ way/ answer

22、 的所有格用 to a prelude to serious troublesymbol n.符号（象征；符号；标志） symbolic象征的；符号的；使用符号的“标志、象征、符号”的意思，其区别是：symbol指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。tokentuk（0）n语气庄重，指礼品、纪念物等作为表示友谊、爱情等的象征或标志。（用以启动某些机器或用作支付方式的）代币，辅币；代价券；标志；（用于表达感情的）表示；（语言 学）符号；标记；signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。Next came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid t

23、hat the strength of the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became exhausted.Next came a horse倒装句 表示处所、方位等的副词或介词及介词短语，动词一般是不及物动词1完全倒装.用于there be句型.该句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词替代,如：live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there+存在类动词+主语”。.表示处所、方位等的副词或介词及介词短语,如：here

24、, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off等放在句首， 且主语是名词，谓语通常是be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时,句子用完全倒装。 Eg: Out rushed a cat from under the bed.从床底下跑出一只猫。.表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”：1 ）形容词 + 连系动词 + 主语 Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.2 ）过去分词 + 连

25、系动词 + 主语 Gone are the days when we used foreign oiL.3 ） 介词短语 + be + 主语 Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.4.用于so, neither , nor开头的句子，表示重复前句的局部内容.原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相 一致.You cant speak French. Neither can she.你不会说法语，她也不会.【注意】在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时,主谓一般不用倒装。2局部倒装1.否认副词位于句首时的倒

26、装. “only+状语”位于句首时的倒装。当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用局部倒装语序:Only then did he realize that he was wrong. Only in this way are you able to do it well.在以so/neither/nor开头的句子中，使用倒装句式可以使所表达的意思更趋简洁，其汉语意思为“也”。.连词as引导让步状语从句时，从句需采用倒装结构，这时往往把动词、形容词、名词、副词或分词提 到主语之前。结构为：名词（不加冠词）/形容词/副词/动词/分词+ as +主语+谓语。例如：Young as he i

27、s, he knows a lot. Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to fight our way out. 注意动词用法：try as he might, he failed itStrength说人时，指“体力，力气”；说物时，指“强度”，（具体一些）。也可指“强项，长处”。The strength of a wind, cuirent, or other force is its power or speed. 力 also N in pl power:基本意思是“力，力量，能力”，指人或国家甚至是某个机构的能力，权力、势

28、力或影响力。宏观一些，可以说 the power of the river the power of severe whether the strength of the current/windforce:主要指强制力量，暴力，武装力量等。energy:主要指人的精力。On the strength of 基于，依据Prevent sth,这里是动名词做宾语，its是逻辑主语Anywhere副词，land这里是vi, vt是使着陆Suddenly a appealed, looking lather like Noahs ark，carrying the whole family, a fe

29、w hens, the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage.Rather adv.宁可，宁愿；相当；准确地说；或多或少地other than除了；不同于 rather than而不是or rather更精确地说，倒不如说ark n.方舟；避难所几个现在分词做状语，注意looking这一个词，首先这里是系动词而不是实意动词。现在分词在这里仅表 示主动（系动词也没有被动的概念，而不是表示进行，之前考过remaining,helping）其次：look作为系动词，表语是名词时，虽然look like更常见，但不要忘了可以直接用名词。I looked a real fo

30、ol when I fell in the river. This looks a likely fleld for mushrooms.这地看来适合长蘑菇Chick小鸡 Hen母鸡 rooster公鸡bull：公牛cattle：黄牛（肉牛），大牲畜cow：奶牛ox：（阉割的）公牛We realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood stoutly even if it

31、 had been almost submerged.Have become是过去完成时，因为跟在情态动词must后面Be frightened byFor引导原因状语从句，其中套入了一个虚拟语气结构Sound做形容词口寸：1、（身体）健康的;（心智）健全的;（建筑）坚固的in good condition or healthy.2、3、4、（建议、推理或证据）正确的，合理的，可靠的,明智的reliable and sensible（观点）正确的，明智的correct.（睡觉）酣畅的，深沉的sleeping very deeply.The men of ou】family waded down

32、 thiough our flooded meadows with boathooks, in the hope of being able to giapple a corne】 of the laft and pull it out of the current towards ou】bank.Wade weid v涉水、蹿水（或泥）（vi.跋涉vt.涉水；费力行走n.跋涉；可涉水而过的地方）介词一般用through或者across wade through引申出：费时费力地啃读Down在这里不是向下，而是由近及远，up也可以不表示上，而是由远及近Flooded分词（逻辑主语是meadow

33、）,充满洪水，洪水泛滥的be flooded with充满，挤满Hook n.挂钩，吊钩vt.钩住；引上钩vi.钩住；弯成钩状captain hook虎克船长 Peter Pan小飞侠Anchor n.锚vt.抛锚；使固定vi.抛锚In the hope 描述准确。Hoping thatOut of 宾补 towards our bank 状语We still think it a miracle that they were able to do so.it形式宾语（有宾补）结构中一般that不可省do so, so副词作用,类似用法think so等第段词汇解析instinctively = without having to be toldo overtake = happen （to us） suddenly o 第二段词汇解析predecessor = previous ownero hard by = close to, very near to。in a heat wave = in a period of unusually hot weath