人工智能词汇

1、常用英语词汇-andrewNg课程intensity强度Regression回归Lossfunction损失函数nonconvex日非凸函数neuralnetwork神经网络supervisedlearning监督学习regressionproblem回归问题处理的是连续的问题classificationproblem分类问题discreetvalue离散值supportvectormachines支持向量机learningtheory学习理论learningalgorithms学习算法unsupervisedlearning无监督学习gradientdescent梯度下降linearregr

2、ession线性回归NeuralNetwork神经网络gradientdescent梯度下降normalequationslinearalgebra线性代数superscript上标exponentiation扌旨数trainingset训练集合trainingexample训练样本hypothesis假设，用来表示学习算法的输出LMSalgorithm“leastmeansquares最小二乘法算法batchgradientdescent批量梯度下降constantlygradientdescent随机梯度下降iterativealgorithm迭代算法partialderivative偏导

3、数contour等高线quadraticfunction二元函数locallyweightedregression局部加权回归underfitting欠拟合overfitting过拟合nonparametriclearningalgorithms无参数学习算法parametrielearningalgorithm参数学习算法activation激活值activationfunction激活函数additivenoise加性噪声autoencoder自编码器Autoencoders自编码算法averagefiringrate平均激活率averagesumofsquareserror均方差back

4、propagation后向传播basis基basisfeaturevectors特征基向量batchgradientascent批量梯度上升法Bayesianregularizationmethod贝叶斯规则化方法Bernoullirandomvariable伯努利随机变量biasterm偏置项binaryclassfication二元分类classlabels类型标记concatenation级联conjugategradient共轭梯度contiguousgroups联通区域convexoptimizationsoftware凸优化软件convolution卷积costfunction代价

5、函数covariancematrix协方差矩阵DCcomponent直流分量decorrelation去相关degeneracy退化demensionalityreduction降维derivative导函数diagonal对角线diffusionofgradients梯度的弥散eigenvalue特征值eigenvector特征向量errorterm残差featurematrix特征矩阵featurestandardization特征标准化feedforwardarchitectures前馈结构算法feedforwardneuralnetwork前馈神经网络feedforwardpass前馈

6、传导finetuned微调first-orderfeature阶特征forwardpass前向传导forwardpropagation前向传播Gaussianprior高斯先验概率generativemodel生成模型gradientdescent梯度下降Greedylayer-wisetraining逐层贪婪训练方法groupingmatrix分组矩阵Hadamardproduct阿达马乘积HessianmatrixHessian矩阵hiddenlayer隐含层hiddenunits隐藏神经元Hierarchicalgrouping层次型分组higher-orderfeatures更高阶特征

7、highlynon-convexoptimizationproblem高度非凸的优化问题histogram直方图hyperbolictangent双曲正切函数hypothesis估值，假设identityactivationfunction恒等激励函数IID独立同分布illumination照明inactive抑制independentcomponentanalysis独立成份分析inputdomains输入域inputlayer输入层intensity亮度/灰度interceptterm截距KLdivergence相对熵KLdivergenceKL分散度k-MeansK-均值learning

8、rate学习速率leastsquares最小二乘法linearcorrespondence线性响应linearsuperposition线性叠力口line-searchalgorithm线搜索算法localmeansubtraction局部均值消减localoptima局部最优解logisticregression逻辑回归lossfunction损失函数low-passfiltering低通滤波magnitude幅值MAP极大后验估计maximumlikelihoodestimation极大似然估计mean平均值MFCCMel倒频系数multi-classclassification多元分类n

9、euralnetworks神经网络neuron神经元Newtonsmethod牛顿法non-convexfunction日非凸函数non-linearfeature非线性特征norm范式normbounded有界范数normconstrained范数约束normalization归一化numericalroundofferrors数值舍入误差numericallychecking数值检验numericallyreliable数值计算上稳定objectdetection物体检测objectivefunction目标函数off-by-oneerror缺位错误orthogonalization正交化

10、outputlayer输出层overallcostfunction总体代价函数over-completebasis超完备基over-fitting过拟合partsofobjects目标的部件part-wholedecompostion部分-整体分解PCA主元分析penaltyterm惩罚因子per-examplemeansubtraction逐样本均值消减pooling池化pretrain预训练principalcomponentsanalysis主成份分析quadraticconstraints二次约束RBMs受限Boltzman机reconstructionbasedmodels基于重构的

11、模型reconstructioncost重建代价reconstructionterm重构项redundant冗余reflectionmatrix反射矩阵regularization正则化regularizationterm正贝V化项rescaling缩放robust鲁棒性run行程second-orderfeature二阶特征sigmoidactivationfunctionS型激励函数significantdigits有效数字singularvalue奇异值singularvector奇异向量smoothedL1penalty平滑的L1范数惩罚SmoothedtopographicL1spa

12、rsitypenalty平滑地形L1稀疏惩罚函数smoothing平滑SoftmaxRegressonSoftmax回归sortedindecreasingorder降序排列sourcefeatures源特征sparseautoencoder消减归一化Sparsity稀疏性sparsityparameter稀疏性参数sparsitypenalty稀疏惩罚squarefunction平方函数squared-error方差stationary平稳性（不变性）stationarystochasticprocess平稳随机过程step-size步长值supervisedlearning监督学习symm

13、etricpositivesemi-definitematrix对称半正定矩阵symmetrybreaking对称失效tanhfunction双曲正切函数theaverageactivation平均活跃度thederivativecheckingmethod梯度验证方法theempiricaldistribution经验分布函数theenergyfunction能量函数theLagrangedual拉格朗日对偶函数theloglikelihood对数似然函数thepixelintensityvalue像素灰度值therateofconvergence收敛速度topographiccostter

14、m拓扌卜代价项topographicordered拓扌卜秩序transformation变换translationinvariant平移不变性trivialanswer平凡解under-completebasis不完备基unrolling组合扩展unsupervisedlearning无监督学习variance方差vecotrizedimplementation向量化实现vectorization矢量化visualcortex视觉皮层weightdecay权重衰减weightedaverage加权平均值whitening白化zero-mean均值为零Accumulatederrorbackpr

15、opagation累积误差逆传ActivationFunction激活函数AdaptiveResonanceTheory/ART自适应谐振理论Addictivemodel加性学习AdversarialNetworks对抗网络AffineLayer仿射层Affinitymatrix亲和矩阵Agent代理/智能体Algorithm算法Alpha-betapruninga-B剪枝Anomalydetection异常检测Approximation近似AreaUnderROCCurve/AUCRoc曲线下面积ArtificialGeneralIntelligence/AGI通用人工智Artificial

16、Intelligence/AI人工智能Associationanalysis关联分析Attentionmechanism注意力机制Attributeconditionalindependenceassumption属性条件独立性假设Attributespace属性空间Attributevalue属性值Autoencoder自编码器Automaticspeechrecognition自动语音识别Automaticsummarization自动摘要Averagegradient平均梯度Average-Pooling平均池化BackpropagationThroughTime通过时间的反向传播Bac

17、kpropagation/BP反向传播Baselearner基学习器Baselearningalgorithm基学习算法BatchNormalization/BN批量归一化Bayesdecisionrule贝叶斯判定准则BayesModelAveraging/BMA贝叶斯模型平均Bayesoptimalclassifier贝叶斯最优分类器Bayesiandecisiontheory贝叶斯决策论Bayesiannetwork贝叶斯网络Between-classscattermatrix类间散度矩阵Bias偏置/偏差Bias-variancedecomposition偏差-方差分解Bias-Var

18、ianceDilemma偏差-方差困境Bi-directionalLong-ShortTermMemory/Bi-LSTM双向长短期记忆Binaryclassification二分类Binomialtest二项检验Bi-partition二分法Boltzmannmachine玻尔兹曼机Bootstrapsampling自助采样法/可重复采样Bootstrapping自助法Break-EventPoint/BEP平衡点Calibration校准Cascade-Correlation级联相关Categoricalattribute离散属性Class-conditionalprobability类条

19、件概率Classificationandregressiontree/CART分类与回归树Classifier分类器Class-imbalance类别不平衡Closed-form闭式Cluster簇/类/集群Clusteranalysis聚类分析Clustering聚类Clusteringensemble聚类集成Co-adapting共适应Codingmatrix编码矩阵COLT国际学习理论会议Committee-basedlearning基于委员会的学习Competitivelearning竞争型学习Componentlearner组件学习器Comprehensibility可解释性Comp

20、utationCost计算成本ComputationalLinguistics计算语言学Computervision计算机视觉Conceptdrift概念漂移ConceptLearningSystem/CLS概念学习系统Conditionalentropy条件熵Conditionalmutualinformation条件互信息ConditionalProbabilityTable/CPT条件概率表Conditionalrandomfield/CRF条件随机场Conditionalrisk条件风险Confidence置信度Confusionmatrix混淆矩阵Connectionweight连接

21、权Connectionism连结主义Consistency致性/相合性Contingencytable列联表Continuousattribute连续属性Convergence收敛Conversationalagent会话智能体Convexquadraticprogramming凸二次规划Convexity凸性Convolutionalneuralnetwork/CNN卷积神经网络Co-occurrence同现Correlationcoefficient相关系数Cosinesimilarity余弦相似度Costcurve成本曲线CostFunction成本函数Costmatrix成本矩阵Cos

22、t-sensitive成本敏感Crossentropy交叉熵Crossvalidation交叉验证Crowdsourcing众包Curseofdimensionality维数灾难Cutpoint截断点Cuttingplanealgorithm害U平面法Datamining数据挖掘Dataset数据集DecisionBoundary决策边界Decisionstump决策树桩Decisiontree决策树/判定树Deduction演绎DeepBeliefNetwork深度信念网络DeepConvolutionalGenerativeAdversarialNetworkDCGAN深度卷积生成对抗网络

23、Deeplearning深度学习Deepneuralnetwork/DNN深度神经网络DeepQ-Learning深度Q学习DeepQ-Network深度Q网络Densityestimation密度估计Density-basedclustering密度聚类Differentiableneuralcomputer可微分神经计算机Dimensionalityreductionalgorithm降维算法Directededge有向边Disagreementmeasure不合度量Discriminativemodel判另U模型Discriminator判另H器Distancemeasure距离度量Di

24、stancemetriclearning距离度量学习Distribution分布Divergence散度Diversitymeasure多样性度量/差异性度量Domainadaption领域自适应Downsampling下采样D-separation(Directedseparation)有向分离Dualproblem对偶问题Dummynode哑结点DynamicFusion动态融合Dynamicprogramming动态规划Eigenvaluedecomposition特征值分解Embedding嵌入Emotionalanalysis情绪分析Empiricalconditionalentro

25、py经验条件熵Empiricalentropy经验熵Empiricalerror经验误差Empiricalrisk经验风险End-to-End端到端Energy-basedmodel基于能量的模型Ensemblelearning集成学习Ensemblepruning集成修剪ErrorCorrectingOutputCodes/ECOC纠错输出码Errorrate错误率Error-ambiguitydecomposition误差-分歧分解Euclideandistance欧氏距离Evolutionarycomputation演化计算Expectation-Maximization期望最大化Exp

26、ectedloss期望损失ExplodingGradientProblem梯度爆炸问题Exponentiallossfunction扌旨数损失函数ExtremeLearningMachine/ELM超限学习机Factorization因子分解Falsenegative假负类Falsepositive假正类FalsePositiveRate/FPR假正例率Featureengineering特征工程Featureselection特征选择Featurevector特征向量FeaturedLearning特征学习FeedforwardNeuralNetworks/FNN前馈神经网络Fine-tun

27、ing微调Flippingoutput翻转法Fluctuation震荡Forwardstagewisealgorithm前向分步算法Frequentist频率主义学派Full-rankmatrix满秩矩阵Functionalneuron功能神经元Gainratio增益率Gametheory博弈论Gaussiankernelfunction高斯核函数GaussianMixtureModel高斯混合模型GeneralProblemSolving通用问题求解Generalization泛化Generalizationerror泛化误差Generalizationerrorbound泛化误差上界Gen

28、eralizedLagrangefunction广义拉格朗日函数Generalizedlinearmodel广义线性模型GeneralizedRayleighquotient广义瑞利商GenerativeAdversarialNetworks/GAN生成对抗网络GenerativeModel生成模型Generator生成器GeneticAlgorithm/GA遗传算法Gibbssampling吉布斯采样Giniindex基尼指数Globalminimum全局最小GlobalOptimization全局优化Gradientboosting梯度提升GradientDescent梯度下降Grapht

29、heory图论Ground-truth真相/真实Hardmargin硬间隔Hardvoting硬投票Harmonicmean调和平均Hessematrix海塞矩阵Hiddendynamicmodel隐动态模型Hiddenlayer隐藏层HiddenMarkovModel/HMM隐马尔可夫模型Hierarchicalclustering层次聚类Hilbertspace希尔伯特空间Hingelossfunction合页损失函数Hold-out留出法Homogeneous同质Hybridcomputing混合计算Hyperparameter超参数Hypothesis假设Hypothesistest假

30、设验证ICML国际机器学习会议Improvediterativescaling/IIS改进的迭代尺度法Incrementallearning增量学习Independentandidenticallydistributed/独立同分布IndependentComponentAnalysis/ICA独立成分分析Indicatorfunction扌旨示函数Individuallearner个体学习器Induetion归纳Induetivebias归纳偏好Induetivelearning归纳学习InduetiveLogicProgramming/ILP归纳逻辑程序设计Informationentro

31、py信息熵Informationgain信息增益Inputlayer输入层Insensitiveloss不敏感损失Inter-elustersimilarity簇间相似度InternationalConfereneeforMaehineLearning/ICML国际机器学习大会Intra-elustersimilarity簇内相似度Intrinsicvalue固有值IsometrieMapping/Isomap等度量映射Isotonicregression等分回归IterativeDiehotomiser迭代二分器Kernelmethod核方法Kerneltrick核技巧KernelizedL

32、inearDiseriminantAnalysis/KLDA核线性判别分析K-folderossvalidationk折交叉验证/k倍交叉验证K-MeansClusteringK-均值聚类K-NearestNeighboursAlgorithm/KNNK近邻算法Knowledgebase知识库KnowledgeRepresentation矢口识表征Labelspace标记空间Lagrangeduality拉格朗日对偶性Lagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘子Laplacesmoothing拉普拉斯平滑Laplacianeorreetion拉普拉斯修正LatentDirichletAll

33、oeation隐狄利克雷分布Latentsemanticanalysis潜在语义分析Latentvariable隐变量Lazylearning懒惰学习Learner学习器Learningbyanalogy类比学习Learningrate学习率LearningVeetorQuantization/LVQ学习向量量化Leastsquaresregressiontree最小二乘回归树Leave-0ne-0ut/LOO留一法linearehaineonditionalrandomfield线性链条件随机场LinearDiseriminantAnalysis/LDA线性判另U分析Linearmodel线

34、性模型LinearRegression线性回归Linkfunetion联系函数LocalMarkovproperty局部马尔可夫性Localminimum局部最小Loglikelihood对数似然Logodds/logit对数几率LogisticRegressionLogistic回归Log-likelihood对数似然Log-linearregression对数线性回归Long-ShortTermMemory/LSTM长短期记忆Lossfunetion损失函数Machinetranslation/MT机器翻译Maeron-P宏查准率Maeron-R宏查全率Majorityvoting绝对多数

35、投票法Manifoldassumption流形假设Manifoldlearning流形学习Margintheory间隔理论Marginaldistribution边际分布Marginalindependence边际独立性Marginalization边际化MarkovChainMonteCarlo/MCMC马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法MarkovRandomField马尔可夫随机场Maximalclique最大团MaximumLikelihoodEstimation/MLE极大似然估计/极大似然法Maximummargin最大间隔Maximumweightedspanningtree最大带权生成树M

36、ax-Pooling最大池化Meansquarederror均方误差Meta-learner元学习器Metrielearning度量学习Miero-P微查准率Miero-R微查全率MinimalDeseriptionLength/MDL最小描述长度Minimaxgame极小极大博弈Miselassifieationcost误分类成本Mixtureofexperts混合专家Momentum动量Moralgraph道德图/端正图Multi-classelassifieation多分类Multi-documentsummarization多文档摘要Multi-layerfeedforwardneur

37、alnetworks多层前馈神经网络MultilayerPerceptron/MLP多层感知器Multimodallearning多模态学习MultipleDimensionalScaling多维缩放Multiplelinearregression多元线性回归Multi-responseLinearRegressionMLR多响应线性回归Mutualinformation互信息Naivebayes朴素贝叶斯NaiveBayesClassifier朴素贝叶斯分类器Namedentityrecognition命名实体识别Nashequilibrium纳什均衡Naturallanguagegener

38、ation/NLG自然语言生成Naturallanguageprocessing自然语言处理Negativeclass负类Negativecorrelation负相关法NegativeLogLikelihood负对数似然NeighbourhoodComponentAnalysis/NCA近邻成分分析NeuralMachineTranslation神经机器翻译NeuralTuringMachine神经图灵机Newtonmethod牛顿法NIPS国际神经信息处理系统会议NoFreeLunchTheorem/NFL没有免费的午餐定理Noise-contrastiveestimation噪音对比估计N

39、ominalattribute列名属性Non-convexoptimization非凸优化Nonlinearmodel非线性模型Non-metriedistance非度量距离Non-negativematrixfactorization非负矩阵分解Non-ordinalattribute无序属性Non-SaturatingGame非饱和博弈Norm范数Normalization归一化Nuclearnorm核范数Numericalattribute数值属性LetterOObjectivefunction目标函数Obliquedecisiontree斜决策树Occamsrazor奥卡姆剃刀Odds

40、几率Off-Policy离策略Oneshotlearning一次性学习One-DependentEstimator/ODE独依赖估计On-Policy在策略Ordinalattribute有序属性Out-of-bagestimate包外估计Outputlayer输出层Outputsmearing输出调制法Overfitting过拟合/过配Oversampling过采样Pairedt-test成对t检验Pairwise成对型PairwiseMarkovproperty成对马尔可夫性Parameter参数Parameterestimation参数估计Parametertuning调参Parsetr

41、ee解析树ParticleSwarmOptimization/PSO粒子群优化算法Part-of-speechtagging词性标注Perceptron感知机Performancemeasure性能度量PlugandPlayGenerativeNetwork即插即用生成网络Pluralityvoting相对多数投票法Polaritydetection极性检测Polynomialkernelfunction多项式核函数Pooling池化Positiveclass正类Positivedefinitematrix正定矩阵Post-hoctest后续检验Post-pruning后剪枝potential

42、function势函数Precision查准率/准确率Prepruning预剪枝Principalcomponentanalysis/PCA主成分分析Principleofmultipleexplanations多释原贝VPrior先验ProbabilityGraphicalModel概率图模型ProximalGradientDescent/PGD近端梯度下降Pruning剪枝Pseudo-label伪标记QuantizedNeuralNetwork量子化神经网络Quantumcomputer量子计算机QuantumComputing量子计算QuasiNewtonmethod拟牛顿法Radia

43、lBasisFunction/RBF径向基函数RandomForestAlgorithm随机森林算法Randomwalk随机漫步Recall查全率/召回率ReceiverOperatingCharacteristic/ROC受试者工作特征RectifiedLinearUnit/ReLU线性修正单元RecurrentNeuralNetwork循环神经网络Recursiveneuralnetwork递归神经网络Referencemodel参考模型Regression回归Regularization正贝V化Reinforcementlearning/RL强化学习Representationlearn

44、ing表征学习Representertheorem表示定理reproducingkernelHilbertspace/RKHS再生核希尔伯特空间Re-sampling重采样法Rescaling再缩放ResidualMapping残差映射ResidualNetwork残差网络RestrietedBoltzmannMachine/RBM受限玻尔兹曼机RestrietedIsometryProperty/RIP限定等距性Re-weighting重赋权法Robustness稳健性/鲁棒性Rootnode根结点RuleEngine规则引擎Rulelearning规则学习Saddlepoint鞍点Samp

45、lespace样本空间Sampling采样Scorefunction评分函数Self-Driving自动驾驶Self-OrganizingMap/SOM自组织映射Semi-naiveBayesclassifiers半朴素贝叶斯分类器Semi-SupervisedLearning半监督学习semi-SupervisedSupportVectorMachine半监督支持向量机Sentimentanalysis情感分析Separatinghyperplane分离超平面SigmoidfunctionSigmoid函数Similaritymeasure相似度度量Simulatedannealing模拟退

46、火Simultaneouslocalizationandmapping同步定位与地图构建SingularValueDecomposition奇异值分解Slackvariables松弛变量Smoothing平滑Softmargin软间隔Softmarginmaximization软间隔最大化Softvoting软投票Sparserepresentation稀疏表征Sparsity稀疏性Specialization特化SpectralClustering谱聚类SpeechRecognition语音识别Splittingvariable切分变量Squashingfunction挤压函数Stabili

47、ty-plasticitydilemma可塑性-稳定性困境Statisticallearning统计学习Statusfeaturefunction状态特征函Stochasticgradientdescent随机梯度下降Stratifiedsampling分层采样Structuralrisk结构风险Structuralriskminimization/SRM结构风险最小化Subspace子空间Supervisedlearning监督学习/有导师学习supportvectorexpansion支持向量展式SupportVectorMachine/SVM支持向量机Surrogatloss替代损失Su

48、rrogatefunction替代函数Symboliclearning符号学习Symbolism符号主义Synset同义词集T-DistributionStochasticNeighbourEmbeddingt-SNET-分布随机近邻嵌入Tensor张量TensorProcessingUnits/TPU张量处理单元Theleastsquaremethod最小二乘法Threshold阈值Thresholdlogicunit阈值逻辑单元Threshold-moving阈值移动TimeStep时间步骤Tokenization标记化Trainingerror训练误差Traininginstance训练

49、示例/训练例Transductivelearning直推学习Transferlearning迁移学习Treebank树库Tria-by-error试错法Truenegative真负类Truepositive真正类TruePositiveRate/TPR真正例率TuringMachine图灵机Twice-learning二次学习Underfitting欠拟合/欠配Undersampling欠采样Understandability可理解性Unequalcost非均等代价Unit-stepfunction单位阶跃函数Univariatedecisiontree单变量决策树Unsupervisedle

50、arning无监督学习/无导师学习Unsupervisedlayer-wisetraining无监督逐层训练Upsampling上采样VanishingGradientProblem梯度消失问题Variationalinference变分推断VCTheoryVC维理论Versionspace版本空间Viterbialgorithm维特比算法VonNeumannarchitecture冯诺伊曼架构WassersteinGAN/WGANWasserstein生成对抗网络Weaklearner弱学习器Weight权重Weightsharing权共享Weightedvoting加权投票法Within-

51、classscattermatrix类内散度矩阵Wordembedding词嵌入Wordsensedisambiguation词义消歧Zero-datalearning零数据学习Zero-shotlearning零次学习approximations近似值arbitrary随意的affine仿射的arbitrary任意的aminoacid氨基酸amenable经得起检验的axiom公理，原则abstract提取architecture架构，体系结构；建造业absolute绝对的arsenal军火库assignment分配己algebra线性代数asymptotically无症状的appropri

52、ate恰当的bias偏差brevity简短，简洁；短暂800broader广泛briefly简短的batch批量convergence收敛，集中到一点convex凸的contours轮廓constraint约束constant常理commercial商务的complementarity补充coordinateascent同等级上升clipping剪下物；剪报；修剪component分量；部件continuous连续的covariance协方差canonical正规的，正则的concave非凸的corresponds相符合；相当；通信corollary推论concrete具体的事物，实在的东西c

53、rossvalidation交叉验证correlation相互关系convention约定cluster簇centroids质心，形心converge收敛computationally计算（机）的calculus计算derive获得，取得dual二元的duality二元性；二象性；对偶性derivation求导；得到；起源denote预示，表示，是的标志；意味着，逻指称divergence散度；发散性dimension尺度，规格；维数dot小圆点distortion变形density概率密度函数discrete离散的足）discriminative有识别能力的diagonal对角dispersion分散，散开determinant决定因素disjoint不相交的encounter遇到ellipses椭圆equality等式extra额外的empirical经验；观察ennmerate例举，计数exceed超过，越出expectation期望efficient生效的endow赋予explici