八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Past and Present语法课件

1、现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。 She has gone. (她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出“走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。一、现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型： 主语 + have /has +过去分词。 We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.movelivelovelike写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:

2、visitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以e结尾d写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:stopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母ed双写edstudy hurrystudied studiedhur

3、ried hurried去yied注:以辅音字母加y结尾的词,去yied.写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:begive seemake put comewritewas/were beengave givensaw seenmade madeput putcame comewrote written注:不规则动词见书上121页不规则动词表.Making sentencesMr.Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.Help them complete the se

4、ntences.They_ (finish) their homework.Mr and Mrs Li _(not come) back yet.John_ (play)this computer games a few times.We _ (not see)that film yetI _ (repair) over ten bicycles since last Monday.You _ (not visit) me for a long time.have finishedhave not comehas playedhave not seenhave repairedhave not

5、 visited改错: 1.The students has cleaned the classroom. The classroom is clean now. 2.Mum has cook supper. Supper is ready now.3.I see the new film. It is interesting.4.His family lived here since 2000. 5. I try on the hat. It doesnt suit me.havecookedhave seenhave livedhave tried2. 现在完成时的否定句句型：主语 + h

6、ave/has+ not+过去分词 I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then)、句中有ever直接将ever变为never)、若无ever，在助动词havehas之后加notI / They/ We / You have arrived.He / She / It has Have you.? Has he.?Yes, I have Yes, he has.No, I havent. No, he hasnt . has not = hasnt have not= havent 现在完成时动词构成 ha

7、ve /has+v 过去分词 助动词否定haventhasnt疑问Have you?Has he?3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+.How many times have you been to the Great Wall?现在完成时1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态动词构成：have/has+v过去分词have breakfastI

8、 have just had my breakfast.(现在我不饿)Im not hungry nowmoved herein 2000I still live hereI have lived here for three years.I have lived here since 2000/three years ago.现在完成时用法二: 过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在 1. 常用延续性动词,如be, sleep, live, learn, stay, have, keep, work, walk, 2. 时间状语须表达过去到现在的一段时间. for two years so fa

9、r since 短语, during the past 2 years since 从句 in the past 2 years表示一段时间的主要结构2000 last week yesterday (evening) three weeks ago he joined the Party two years ago 1. for two weeks /years /hours/2. sincesince过去某一点时间 或过去某一结束性动词标志词：for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last yearsWe _ (

10、learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.They _(write) 15 songs so far.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown1.The Jiangs _(live) here for almost ten years.2.He _(work) in the fac

11、tory since 1994.3.His parent _(teach) in this school since they came to the city.4.The child _(sleep)since two hours ago.have livedhas workedhas taughthas slept一、since短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words sinc

12、e he went to college.他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。二、for短语表示动作延续多长时 间，for的宾语为时间段。 We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。since 和for:1) Eddie has lived with Millie since 2001. Eddie has lived with Millie since 4 years ago. Eddie has lived with Millie si

13、nce he was born.小结:since + 时间点 （ 词、词组或句子）2) Eddie has lived with Millie for four years.小结:for + 时间段 3) 对以上句子划线部分提问:How long has Eddie lived with Millie?We have learned English _ Grade Three in primary school.We have learned English _ five years.2.He hasnt felt well _ last night. Has he seen the doct

14、or?3. I have read this story book _ three days ago. I havent finished reading it yet.选用since 或for 填空:sinceforsincesince4. It has snowed _ two days. Everything is covered with snow.5. We have cleaned the classroom _ half an hour.6. We have studied at this school _ 2003.forforsince三、just, recently是完成时

15、的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived. 火车刚到。Did you see Joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家人的来信了吗？四、ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。“Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.

16、”“你曾经看过这部影片吗？” “没有， 从来没看过。”Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我们班没有人去过那。五、already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。“Has the bus left yet”? “Yes. It has already left.” (“No. It hasnt left yet.) “汽车开走了吗？” “是的，已经开走了。” “不，还没有开走。 ”六、 “already” 用于现在完成时的肯定句中, “yet” 用于现在完成时的否定句和

17、疑问句中. 用“already” “yet”填空。 He has ( ) visited many places in China. 注意 already 在句中的两种位置. The train hasnt arrived （ ）. 火车（到现在）还没有到。 Has she arrived （ ）? 她已经到了吗？Hasnt he come （ ）? 她还没来吗？alreadyyet yet yetConclusion 句式 位置 already ever for+时间段 just neversince+时间点 yet recently 陈述句 have/has后，句末 疑问句主语后肯/否定陈

18、述句,疑问句句末 陈述句have/has后否定陈述句have/has后肯/否定陈述句,疑问句 句末 否定陈述句,疑问句 句末肯/否定陈述句,疑问句句末I _ (do) my homework already.He _(not finished) his homework yet._you ever _ (be) to Haiwaii?We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont come in.They _(practice) this dialogu

19、e twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practicedI _( not hear) from her yet._they _(be) here recently? Yes, they have.I _(be) busy recently.-_your father ever _ (travel) to New York? -No,never. He _(not travel) by plane yet.havent heardHave beenhave beenHas travelledhasnt tr

20、avelled按要求进行句型转换He has already finished his homework.(一般问句，并作肯定、否定回答)I have never been to Beijing before.(一般问句)They have learned around five units.(提问)Has he finished his homework yet ?Yes, he has.No, he hasnt. /Not yet.Have you ever been to Beijing before?What have they done?现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，强调

21、这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （说明他还继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。 遇到yesterday, Last year, in May, in+过去某一年，two days ago, the other day, just now等就用一般过去时 当有 ju

22、st,already,yet,so far, in the past/ last few days(在过去/最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时 牢记现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间连用， 包括疑问词when现在完成时和一般过去时He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.They _(cook) the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.He _just _(pas

23、s) the exam.He _(pass) the exam just now.has workedcamehave cookedcookedhas passedpassed1.-_the film _(开始)? -Yes, it _ (开始)ten minutes ago.2.I (读) this book. I _ (读)it last Sunday.3._ you _ (完成) your homework? Yes. When_ you _ (完成)it? A minute ago.4. I wont see the film. I _ it(看了) . I _ (看)it last

24、week.5.-I (找到)a watch already. -Where _ you _it? -In the playground.Has begunbeganhave readreadHave finisheddid finishhave seensawhave founddid findClass is over.Class began five minutes agoClass has been on for five minutes.表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike has kept t

25、he books for two days.所用的动词无延续性,不与一段时间连用He has come to China for two years. (X) come to arrive in/at. be in get to He has been in China for two years. since two years ago. 翻译下列句子：1. 我的哥哥是 2002 年参的军。My brother joined the army in 2002.He has been in the army for 5 years.He has been a soldier since 5 y

26、ears ago.2. 他参军已经 5 年了。 He has bought the book. He has bought the book for a week. He has had the book for a week.有些动词不能和for, since, how long 等连用She has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？ been income tohave/has been inAnn has gone to Chin

27、a since three months ago.been ingo tohave/has been inI have got to Paris for one week .been ingot tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years. been inbeen a soldier join have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days. been away from Shanghai leave have/ha

28、s been away I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago . kept borrow have/has kept The film has begun for 10 minutes. been on begin have/has been on The concert has finished for half an hour. been over finish have/has been over His dog has died for two years . been dead die have/has been dead S

29、he has married for six years . been married marry have/has been married 这本书我已经借了三星期了。一般过去表达：I borrowed the book three weeks ago.用现在完成时态表达(用延续性动词)I have kept the book for three weeks /since three weeks ago.用it is since 从句(用终止性动词的过去式)It is three weeks since I borrowed the book.他到北京已经有三天了。He arrived in

30、 Beijing three days ago.He has been in Beijing for three days /since three days ago.It is three days since he arrived in Beijing.Li Ming bought the e-dictionary for three weeks.Li Ming bought the e-dictionary three weeks ago.Li Ming has had the e-dictionary for three weeks.Li Ming has had the e-dict

31、ionary since three weeks ago.It is three weeks since Li Ming bought the e-dictionary.短暂性动词转换为延续性动词1.buy -have(我买电脑两年了.)2.borrow -keep(他借这本书三个星期.)3.begin to sleep/study/去掉begin to ( 他已睡了半个小时了.)4.move into -live in(他已搬进来三个月了.)5.leave home -be away from home (我已离家一年.)6.fall ill-be ill(Helen病了一周了)7.join

32、 the group-be in the group be a member of (我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了.) 8. die-be dead (我爷爷死了两个月了)9.get up- be up (他已起床一刻钟了.)10.begin- be on (会议已开始十分钟.)11. come to / arrive in /get to -be in (他已到南京三天了.)12. open /close-be open/be closed (门开/关了十分钟了)1. turn on the radio-keep the radio on He turned on the radio an

33、 hour ago. He _ _ the radio _ for an hour. The radio _ _ _ for an hour.2. open the door-keep the door open I opened the door twenty minutes ago. I _ _ the door _ for 20 minutes. The door _ _ _ for 20 minutes. has kept onhas been onhave kept openhas been openhave/has gone to have/has been in have/has

34、 been to 1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海10年了。 She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。He has gone

35、to Shanghai.1.He _ (wait) for an hour.2.I _(not finish) the work yet.3._ you _ (know) him since then?4.I _ (not hear) from my brother for a long time.5.We _ (be) there many times since 3 years ago. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs.has waitedhavent finishedHave knownhavent heard

36、have been6.How long _ you _ (stay) at home already?7. He _ (not read) the book before.8.Her sister _ (go) to Changchun. She_ (leave) this morning.9.He _ (live) in his hometown since he left here.10.The writer _ (finish) several story-books since 1990.havestayedhasnt readhas gonelefthas livedhas fini

37、shed把下例句子译成英语:1 南京自1995年以来发生了很大的变化.2 南京已经成为一个现代化的城市.3你们在这个乡村住了多久了?4他结婚了吗?是的,他已经结婚6年了.Nanjing has changed a lot since 1995.Nanjing has turned into a modern city.How long have you lived in the village?Has he got married?yes, he has been married for six years.用所给动词的正确形式填空:1.I_ (mop) the floor already.2

38、.I_ (not wash) the clothes yet.3.Tom isnt here. He _( go )to the bank.4.The girl _( not give) it to me yet.5.Tom and Jill _ just _( buy) some flowers.6.They_ever_(study) in the school.have moppedhavehavent washedHass has gonehas givenhaveboughthavestudiedstudied7.We_ never_(see) such an interesting

39、film.8.My mother _ never _ ( be) to Shanghai before.9.Mike_(have) lunch already.10.Jill_(meet) me yesterday afternoon.11.The first class _already (beginhas begun methas hadhasbeenhaveseen1 I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句) I worked out the math problem _ .2 He has already finished

40、 the book.(改一般疑问句并做回答) _he the book _? Yes, he . No, he .4 I have got a book. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答) you a book? Yes, I . No, I .5 He has got a book. (改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答) he a book? yes, he .No, he_.haventyetHasfinishedyethashasntHavegothavehaventHas gothashasnt6. Millie has ever traveled to Beijing twice.(改一般疑问句并做肯定和否定回答,再改否定句和就划线部分提问) _Millie _ _ to Beijing? Yes, she _ No. she _ Millie _ _tra