完整版专四英语语法考点

1、 完整版专四英语语法考点语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+havedone；Ithepartymuchmoreiftherehadnbeenquitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.1996A.wouldenjoyB.willhaveenjoyedC.wouldhaveenjoyedD.willbeenjoyingAllofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreiftherequitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere

2、.2000A.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldnt省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,shemuchbetterresultsnow.2008A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldgetyouwerebusy,Iwouldnthavebotheredyouwithmyquestions.1994IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.Irealizedt

3、hatD.AsIrealized_,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.1995A.HadnthebeentakengoodcareofB.HadhenotbeentakengoodcareofC.HadnothebeentakengoodcareofD.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof_forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.2002A.HaditnotbeenB.HadntitbeenC.WasitnotD.Wereitnot2、与现在事实相反：从句sbdid(were

4、)，主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do；Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishmucheasiertolearn.2009A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeenIfyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,heabletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.2005A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.Were3、与将来事实相反：从句sbdid(should+do或were+todo)，主句sbw

5、ould(should,could,might)+do。1.youfurtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.2005A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.Incase,had4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sbhaddone,主句sbwould(should,could,might)+do;1.Ifonlythepatientadifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemi

6、ghtstillbealivenow.2007A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。1.Heleftordersthatnothingtoucheduntilthepolicearrivedhere.1997shouldbeB.oughttobeC.mustbeD.wo

7、uldbe2.Sheaskedthatsheallowedtoseehersoninpolicecustody.1993A.wouldbeB.couldbeC.beD.was考点3：Itis+advisable,essential,important,imperative（必要的，命令的）,incredible（难以置信的，惊人的）等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。Itisnecessarythathetheassignmentwithoutdelay.2010A.handinB.handsinC.musthandinD.hastohandin2.Itisabsolutelyessen

8、tialthatWilliamhisstudyinspiteofsomelearningdifficulties.2007A.willcontinueB.continuedC.continueD.continuesItisimperativethatthegovernment_moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.2006A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hasto4tisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.2004A.handinB.wouldhandinC.

9、havetohandinD.handedin考点4:itis(high/about)timethat的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如：Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainforests.2006AstoppedBhadtostopCshallstopDstop考点5:muchas尽管，虽然引导让步状语从句，从句中用wouldhavedone表示假设。1.Muchas,IcouldntlendhimtleybauseIsimplydidnthavethatmuchsparecash.1999A.IwouldhavelikedtoBwouldliketohaveCsh

10、ouldhavetolikeDshouldhavelikedto考点6：ifonly,wish,asif/asthough引导从句，与过去事实相反：had+done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would+do。IfonlyI_playtheguitaraswellasyou!2006AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight2.Hetalksonandonasifhewouldneverend.考点7：wouldrather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟。Themanagerwouldratherhisdaught

11、erinthesameofficenow.hadnotworkedB.nottoworkC.doesnotworkD.didnotwork考点8：Onconditionthat./lest/forfearthat+(should)+原形动词。Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,thatweek.2005A.onoccasionC.oncondition注：Onconditionthat.hepaidmebackthefollowingonpurpose是“只有”“条件是”的意思，D.onlyif可以使用虚拟语气，也可以不用IIIcomeon

12、conditionthatJohnisinvited.Theyagreetolendhimthecaronconditionhe(should)returnitinaweek.lest以免e.g.:tiptoedlesttheguardshouldhearher;anxiouslesthebecomeill.考点9:butfor要不是1.yourtimelyadvice,Iwouldneverhaveknownhowtogoaboutthework.1994A.UnlessB.ButforExceptforD.Notfor考点10:让步状语从句Whetherheberichorpoor,Ima

13、rryhim.,Illmarryhimallthesame.2004A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.BeherichorpoorWhethermybrother_rightorwrong,hewillhavemyunwaveringsupport.2001A.IsB.WereC.BeD.Wouldbe语法考点之二：情态动词*情态动词：will（愿意）,shall（将）,must（必须）,can,may,would,should（应该）,might,could,oughtto,usedto（过去常常）,need（需要

14、）,dare（竟敢）,haveto（不得不）考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测）（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法考点1情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示推测musthavev-ed表示推测过去某事一定发生了。否定形式为：cant/couldnthavv表示过去不可能发生某事。Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesprobability?2008Youmustleaveimmediately.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.Youmustbeherebyeightoclock.Youmustco

15、mpletethereadingassignmentontime.Hethe8:20busbecausehedidntleavehom8:25.（1994）A.couldnhavecaughtB.oughttohavecaughtC.shouldnthavecaughtD.mustnothavecaughtcouldhavev-ed表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。may/mighthavev-ed表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.Heunwisely,buthewasatleasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.(1999)A.mayhaveactedB.musthav

16、eactedC.shouldactD.wouldactoughtto/shouldhavev-ed和oughtnotto/shouldnhtavev-ed用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、不满”分别表示本应该”和本不应该”1.Arentyoutired?Iyouhaddoneenoughfortoday.2009A.shouldhavethoughtB.musthavethoughtC.mighthavethoughtD.couldhavethoughtneednthav-edv表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要”。1.YouJimanythingaboutit.Itwasnone

17、ofhisbusiness.(1998)A.neednthavetoldB.neednttellC.mustnthavetoldD.mustnttellAsitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,wesoformally.(1996)A.neednothavedressedupmustnothavedressedupdidnotneedtodressupmustnotdressup注意：didnotneedtodo动作并没发生。例：Ididntneedtogetupearly,soIgotupuntil9a.m.考点2.特殊用法cant不“可能”(表推测),maynot

18、可“能不”(表推测),mustnt(mustnot)不要;“禁止”;usednot/usedntt或didntuseto过去不should表示惊讶Iamsurprised_thiscityisadullplacetolivein.2006A.thatyoushouldthinkB.bywhatyouarethinkingC.thatyouwouldthinkD.withwhatyouwerethinkingWeconsiderheshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.2009A.strangewhyB.itstrangewhatC.itstr

19、angethatD.thatstrange用于过去式中，can常表示能过做某事，但事实不一定去做；beableto则表示能做某事并且已经做了。Iwenttherein1984,andthatwastheonlyoccasionwhenIthejourneyinexactlytwodays.2005A.musttakeB.musthavemadeC.wasabletomakeD.couldmakeCant+V.,表示不得不，与haveto同义。Canthelp+Ving忍不住。cannottoo/enoug表示无论怎么也不算过分”、越越好”may/mightaswell+动词原形”意为最好，满可

20、以，倒不如”相当于hadbettermready,soImightaswellgonowmaywell+动词原形”意为(完全)能，很可能”：Hemaywellbeproudofhisson.他大可为儿子高兴。(8)mayaswellas还是好了e.g.Youmayaswellasgivehimtheletter.语法考点之三：非谓语动词考点1:不定式近几年考的不多。以前的考点基本集中在：考察哪些动词接不定式；考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；canhelp/choosebutdo不得不,只能,不禁whynotdosthhimtomorrow?2001A.WhynottocallonB.Whydo

21、ntcallonC.WhynotcallingonD.Whynotcallonwoulddoratherthando1.Shesaidshewouldworkitoutherself,askmeforhelp.1993A.andnottoB.butnotC.andprefernotD.ratherthan考察短语bebelieved/saidtodosth的用法；TheMinisterofFinanceisbelievedofimposingnewtaxestoraiseextrarevenue.2004A.thatheisthinkingB.tobethinkingC.thatheistot

22、hinkD.tothinkAIDSissaidthenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.2002A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeenProfessorJohnsonissaidsomesignificantadvanceinhisresearchinthepastyear.1999havingmadeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.tomake（4）考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式tobedoing,完成式tohavedone;一般式被动语态tobed

23、one;完成式被动语态tohavebeendone。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；考点2：动名词（1）常接动名词做宾语的词：mind（介意）,miss（逃过）,mention（提及）,prevent,postpone,practice,risk（冒险）,resist（抵制）,consider（考虑）,admit（承认）,avoid（避免）,appreciate（感激）,fancy（幻想）,finish（完成），feellike（喜欢）,escape（逃脱）,ensure（确保）,delay（延迟）,deny（否认）,resent,detest,imagine（想象）,suggest建议）In

24、internationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid.1996frombeingbeatenB.beingbeatenC.beatingD.tobebeatenHeresentedtowait.Heexpectedtheministerhimatonce.1995A.tobeasked,toseeB.beingasked,toseeC.tobeasked,seeingD.beingasked,seeing3.Ineverregrettedoffer,foritwasnotwheremyint

25、erestlay.1993A.nottoacceptB.nothavingacceptedC.havingnotacceptedD.notacceptingb选项表示的是对已经发生事件的陈述，指示某一次特殊的情况d选项表示的是一般性的情况，不特指某一次特殊的情况（2）介词后的ing:prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoing阻止做；spend/wastetime/moneyindoing在做方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how/whataboutdoingsth做怎么样了？；Havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在方面有些困难；Thereisnos

26、enseindoing（做是没有理由的）；Thank/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人Whataniceday!Howaboutthethreeofusawalkintheparknearby?2009A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingThoughherfatherneverapprovedoftodramaschool,shebecameawell-knownactress.1991A.goingB.hertogoC.hergoingD.hergo（3）接动名

27、词做介词to的宾语：applyoneselfto致力于；beaccustomedto习惯于；confessto供认；cometo谈至U;devoteoneselfto献身于；getdownto着手做；givewayto对让步；leadto导致；lookforwardto期待；nextto几乎；objectto反对；payattentionto注意；stickto坚持；standupto勇敢面对；turnto求助于；beusedto习惯于Whatsthechanceofageneralelectionthisyear?2005A.therebeingB.theretobeC.therebeD.t

28、heregoingtobeThemeetingwasputoffbecauseweameetingwithoutJohn.2005A.objectedhavingB.wereobjectedtohavingC.objectedtohaveD.objectedtohaving考点3:分词从语态上看，现在分词一般表主动，过去分词一般表被动；从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。*非谓语动词解题三步曲:一、首先确定主句;二、分析主动被动;三、分析动作先后shouldnotbecomeaseriou

29、sdisadvantageinlifeandwork.2010A.TobenottallB.NotbeingtallC.BeingnottallD.NottobetallThemanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirmslawyerhasallthefollowingpossiblemeaningsEXCEPT2009themanwhohaspreparedthedocumentsthemanwhohasbeenpreparingthedocumentsthemanwhoispreparingthedocumentsthemanwhowillpreparethedocu

30、mentsatinthisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.2000A.LookingB.lookedBeinglookedD.tolookIfnotwiththerespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.2004A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.1998A.ObtainingnotaticketforthematchNot

31、obtainingaticketforthematchNothavingobtainedaticketforthematchNotobtainedaticketforthematchHewasntaskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,insufficientlypoplarwithallmembers.1996A.havingconsideredB.wasconsideredwasbeingconsideredD.beingconsideredHenoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisas

32、tonishment,hesawaropeladderoutandthreemenclimbingdownit.1995throwingB.beingthrownC.havingthrownD.havingbeenthrownThismissileisdesignedsothatoncenothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.1995A.firedB.beingfiredC.theyfiredD.havingfired考点4：独立主格(句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词/代词分词)。(1)分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的

33、状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因(2)介词(with)+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明Agricultureisthecountrycshiefsourceofwealth,wheatbyfarthebiggestcerealcrop.2003A.isB.beenC.beD.beingTime,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.2003permitB.permittingC.permittedD.permitsTherenothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhour

34、earlier.2000A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.benocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.1996A.TherewasB.SinceC.BeingD.TherebeingThecountrychiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,carsthemostimportantofthese.1994A.havebeenB.areC.beingD.arebeingThetaperecorder_outoforder,thestudentsdidnotknowwhattodo.199

35、0A.wasB.BeingC.hasbeenD.wasbeing语法考点之四：定语从句关系代词：which（指sth作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语）,whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth作主语或宾语）；做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。关系副词：when（指时间onwhich），where（指地点atwhich），why（指原因forwhich）考点1.先行词为人时引导词who和that只能用who不用that:当先行词为one(s),anyone,those时；当先行词为人称代词时。(2)只能用

36、that不用who:当主句已经出现who时。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Heisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnotthemanhewastwentyyearsago.2003A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom考点2.先行词为物时引导词that和which(1)只能用that不用which:1)先行词为much,little,few,nothing,none,anything,no,all等不定代词。2)先行词既有人又有物。先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,just,all,an

37、y,every,no等修饰。关系代词在从句中作表语。在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。主句是therebe句型。1.Iwasveryinterestedinshetoldme.2009A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.ThatThereisnooneintheworld.1991A.thatevermademistakesB.thathasevermademistakesC.thatnevermakesmistakesD.thatsometimesmakesmistakes(2)只能用which不用that:1)定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用wh

38、ich;Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.2)引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。Theyovercameallthedifficultiesandcompletedtheprojecttwomonthsaheadoftime,issomethingwehadnotexpected.2003A.whichB.itC.thatD.whatWevejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,shouldmakegreatdifferencesinou

39、rlifenextsummer.2002A.whichB.whatC.thatD.They考点3：介词+关系代词(which/whom)(1)关系代词前介词的确定方法：定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。Theparty,_Iwastheguestofhonour,wasextremelyenjoyable.2006A.bywhichB.forwhichC.towhichD.atwhich2.IveneverbeentoLhasa,butthattshecity.1999A.IdmosteliktovisitwhichIliketovisitmostlywhe

40、reIliketovisitIdlikemuchtovisitbutthatisthecity3.IhaveneverbeentoLondon,.1997A.whereIliketovisitmostIdmostliketovisit.whichIliketovisitmostlywhereIdlikemosttovisit(2)Whose从句Abovethetreesarethehills,magnificencetheriverfaithfullyreflectsonthesurface.2003A.whereB.ofwhoseC.whoseD.which考点4：关系副词的运用先行词为“时

41、间的名词”用when1.Sherememberedseveraloccasionsinthepastshehadexperiencedasimilarfeeling.1998A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when先行词为“表示地点的名词”用where1.Haveyoueverbeeninasituationyouknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?2002A.bywhichB.thatC.inwhereD.Where先行词为表示原因的名词”whyreason+why-（表示原因的名词只有一个）考点5：as与whic

42、h引导的定语从句as放在句首句中都可以，which必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as:1）关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.2）当与suchas或thesame连用时，一般用as。3）as引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制：Hewentabroad,aswhichwasexpected.他出国了，正如大家预料到的。Hewentabroad,whichwasunexpected.他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。（不用as）Onlytaketheseclo

43、thesreallynecessary.1994A.aswereB.astheyareC.astheywereD.asareisoftenthecasewithanewidea,muchpreliminaryactivityandoptimisticdiscussionproducednoconcreteproposals.1994ThatB.ItC.ThisD.As注意：定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowEnglishwell.Heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknows

44、Englishwell.(特殊)语法考点之五：状语从句考点1:时间状语从句连接词：when,while,as,till/until,before,after,since,once,assoonas,everytime,themoment,theminute,nosooner.thanhardlywhenwhenever1.Comeandseemewhenever.(1997)A.youareconvenientB.youwillbeconvenientC.itisconvenienttoyouD.itwillbeconvenienttoyouNosoonerthan/hardly.when/s

45、carcely.when一.就.用于句首要求倒装1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestationthecoachleft.2009A.whenB.asC.untilD.Than考点2:条件状语从句连接词：if,uniessso/aslongas,onconditionthat（条件是）,as（so）faras（据.所知）,providedthat（要是，如果）,incase（假使，如果），onlyif（只有）等onlyif只有1.bothsidesaccepttheagreementalastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.2004

46、A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,woulduniess除非Youwontgetaloanyoucanoffersomesecurity.1996A.lestB.incaseC.uniessD.otherthanIwasverymuchmistaken,therewassomethingwrongwithLouise.1995A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since考点3：原因状语从句连接词：Because,since,as放（句首）,for,nowthat（既然，由于）,when（既然）,consideringth

47、at（顾及至U）,seeingthat（由于），inthat因为，既然Mendifferfromanimalstheycanthinkandspeak.2008A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhichBarryhasanadvantageoverhismotherhecouldspeakFrench.（2001）A.sincethatB.inthatC.atthatD.sothat考点4：让步状语从句连接词:though,although,as,evenif/though,whatever,however,wherever,while等引导。（1）while尽管

48、1.Isympathize,Icanrteallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.2001A.aslongasB.asC.whileD.even（2）as/though引导让步状从倒装As/though引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。Tryagainas/thoughhewill,hecantsucceed.此时应注意：一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；Childas/thoughheis,heknowsmuchaboutthesociety.二、若提前的是动词原形（多为不及物动词），与

49、之连用的通常是may,might,will,would等，这些词都要保留在原来的位置上（主语后）。Swimas/thoughhecan,hecantswimsofar.三、as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。FoolJerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.2010/2002A.whoB.asC.likeD.that,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympa

50、thywiththeworkingclass.2005A.AlthoughheisasocialistEvenifheisasocialistBeingasocialistSinceheisasocialistEvenif即使，让步muchas虽然，尽管1.weekend,hehadtogooutwithhisfriendsatthetostaybehindtofinishhisB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.hewantedassignment.2008A.MuchthoughThoughmuch2.IlikeeconomicsIlikesociologymuchbetter.2003A

51、.AsmuchasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchasheneededmoneyforanewcar,hedecidednottoborrowitfromthebank.(1998)A.MuchasB.MuchthoughC.AsmuchD.thoughmuchforall+n尽管,heisreadytoacceptsuggestionsfromdifferentsources.(1997)A.InsteadofhiscontributionsB.ForallhisnotablecontributionsC.HismakingnotablecontributionsD.Howev

52、erhisnotablecontributionshowever+adj./adv.1.healwaystrieshisbesttocompleteitontime.(1999)A.HoweverthetaskishardB.HoweverhardthetaskisC.ThoughhardthetaskisD.Thoughhardisthetask考点5：地点状语从句:where/wherever(wherever无论哪里)考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：Tips:判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。考点6：方式状语从

53、句1.Shedidherworkhermanagerhadinstructed.2002A.asB.untilC.whenD.though考点7：结果状语从句连接词：sothat(=inorderto),sothat,such(太that以至于)somuchsothat到这样程度以致1.DoesAlanlikelimburgers?2003Yes.Somuchthatheeatsthemeveryday.A.forB.asC.toD.sosuchthat达到这样的程度以致1.Thebrillianceofhissatireswasmakeevenhisvictimslaugh.1996A.so

54、astoB.suchastoC.sothatD.suchthat考点8：目的状语从句连接词：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat(为了防止),lest(以防)1.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone_anopportunitytohearthespeech.2006A.oughttohaveB.musthaveC.mayhaveD.shouldhave语法考点之六：名词从句一、常见考点：考点1:主语从句that引导主语从句句型：that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将that引

55、导的主语从句放在句末，因此，下列都是常见的主语从句句型：Itis+过去分词+that从句：ItisreportedthatIt-isbelievedthatltisgenerallythoughtthatItshoubenotedthatIthasbeenfoundthatItmustbepointedoutthat同样可用的动词还有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecastItis+形容词+that从句：ItisclearthatItlikelythatItispossiblethatItisnaturalthatItiscertainthatItisstrange

56、thatItisfortunatethatItisnecessarythatItis+名词短语+that从句：Itisapitythat-ItisafactthatItisgoodnewsthatItisagoodthingthatItisnowonderthatItisashamethatItisanhonorthatItiscommonknowledgethatltismybeliefthatisamiraclethatIt+不及物动词+that从句：Itseemsthat;Itfollowsthat;Ithappensthat;Itturnsoutthat;Itcomesabouttha

57、t其他结构：Itdawnsupon/onsbthat;Itoccurstosbthat;Itmakesnodifferencethat;Itdoesntbebotheredthat;Itisoflittleconsequencethat(2)whether及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句一般放在句首。考点2：宾语从句what/whatever/whoever/whomeverwhoever是人称代词的主格形式，一般在句子中作主语；whomever是人称代词的宾格形式，故一般作宾语。这两个词都等于thepersonthat。what/whatever等于thething(s)that。可以理解为

58、先行词+that”thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.2009A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.HoweverThegovernmenthaspromisedtodoliesinitspowertoeasethehardshipsofthevictimsinthefloodstrickenarea.(2004)A.howeverB.whicheverC.whateverD.whereverShemanagedtosaveshecouldoutofherwagestohelpher

59、brother.2002A.howlittlemoneyB.solittlemoneyC.suchlittlemoneyD.whatlittlemoneyShegavehimwhatmoneyshehad.Youmaybringwhatphotosyoulike.what用作关系形容词，通常与表示少量含义的little,few连用(注：不能与表示多量含义的many,much连用)，表示虽然少，但把所有的都?”。例如：Thescholarspentwhatlittlemoneyhehadonbooks.IspentwhatlittletimeIhadwithmyfamily.Iwillgivew

60、hatlittlehelpIcan“Itwasbuiltbyworkingmenandwomenwhodugintowhatlittlesavingstheyhadtogive$5and$10and$20tothecause”Afterseemedanendlesswait,itwasherturntoenterthepersonnelmanagersoffice.(1999)A.thatB.thereC.whatD.it5.Wecanassignthetasktrustworthy.(1994)toiscapableandA.whomeverB.whoC.whomD.Whoever考点3:表