高中定语从句

1、学习必备欢迎下载）ijl简单定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句（即：从句充当定语作用），就是定语重句。位置：紧挨着所修饰的词（名词或代词）后。（相当于一个形容词）定语从句的翻译：前置：如果定语从句结构简单，信息负载量不大，翻译的时候前置。的后置：若结构复杂，信息负载量大就后置。后置时要重复先行词或用代词来重复顺序译。I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound

2、（心、 迷神往的）.定语从句中两个重要概念：关系词和先行词Once upon a time, there was a king who had a small kingdom.That is the factory that we want to visit.1）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词（名词；代词）。定语从句紧紧跟在先行词的后面。2）关系词：主句和从句之间，起到1.承前启后的作用。2.指代主句中先行词，3.在从句中担任语法角色。关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, that, as关系副词： when, where, whyOnce upon a time, th

3、ere was a king （who had a small kingdom.）先行词：king；关系词：who-作用：1.连接主从句；2.指代先行词king 3.在从句中做主语定语从句： who had a small kingdom关系代词作主语时 who,whom, which, that ”的选用who, whom: 1）先行词表人，因而关系代词也指人。2）关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语 whom。提示：此种情况下关系代词也可用thatoEnglish became less like German because those （who ruled England ）spoke fir

4、st Danish and later French.The tiger would jump upon the poor man whom the guards had brought to the arena.The man that （whom） you just talked to was a friend of mine.which: 1）先行词表物，关系代词也指物。2）关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语。He ruled his kingdom in a strange way which surprised people.提示：此种情况下关系代词也可用thatoBehind one d

5、oor was a hungry tiger that the guards had put there.Behind one door was a hungry tiger.The guards had put the hungry tiger there.The fish which we bought this morning were not freshthat: 1）先行词表人或物，因而关系代词也指人或物。2）关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语。The tigers that were kept in the zoo were used in the court.关系代词whose的选用：

6、先行词在处理成处理成为定语从句中处于所有格的位置，关系代词选用whose。Whose既可以指人又可以指物。There came out a young lady whose hair was golden.His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone whose family was poor.关系副词的用法：Where:先行词在从句中表示地点状语，这时引导定语从句的关系词为关系副词where。-在定语从句中作地点状语The two began to meet in a garden where no gardeners lived.The two beg

7、an to meet in a garden._No gardeners lived in a garden.When:关系副词指代的为时间。-时间状语学习必备欢迎下载They would meet on the night when there was a full moon in the sky.Why:关系副词指代的为原因。-原因状语No one knew the reason why they loved each other so deeply提示： 先行词the place, the time, the reason若在被处理成定语从句中作宾语时，关系词为关系代词( which,

8、that)。关系代词作宾语时可以省 略。We always meet in a place which no other people have visited. We meet at the time that neither of us forget. We love each other for the reason no one knows clearly.Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week?A what B where C| D when关系副词(where, when, why)与介词十关系代词

9、(一般为which)”中作状语在从句The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.Tell me the place in which (where) you meet; tell me the day on which (when) you meet; tell me the reason for which (why) you love the young man.Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?注意：不定的事；没人； only,

10、very用that; 不定的人用 who1) everything, anything, something, nothing 作先行词时其后跟关系代词thatThey would do anything that would make them rich overnight.? nobody, no one, no person, nonef乍先行词时 + that? everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone who?先行词前面有 only, very时 +thatIt was the very prison that h

11、e had designed several years ago.)先行词前有最高级和序数词时，关系词用 that.6)先行词前有few, much修饰时，关系词用 that.7)先行词有两个，并且分别指人和物时，关系词用 that.The poor man stared sadly at his son and the prison that were breaking his heart.8) all作先行词时，不管它指人还是物其后关系代词一律用that.9)先行词前面有表示特征的形容词时用thatHe was no longer the cheerful man that he once

12、 had been.10)为了避免重复Which is the book that you lost?省略原则：1) Way后的省略.当way后由定语从句彳饰，并且 way后定语从句含有in which结构时，in which常常被省去。That was the way in which the time went.That was the way the time went.I don t like the way (in which) you speak to her.2)当先行词是指时间的名词，其后关系词为when时，关系副词常常被省略。The day (when) the young

13、man was brought to trial finally came.3)只要含有定语从句的复合句中有there be结构，无论是在主句还是从句中，定语从句中作主语的关系代词都可以省略。I asked for the best book there was on the subject.4)关系代词作表语或谓语动词的宾语时一般可以省略。New York is no longer the city it used to be.He had been kept for months in the prison his father had designed.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：

14、非限制性定语从句：先行词 .定语从句如果去掉该定语从句、主句在语法结构和表意上仍然都是完整的。The message was left by Mr. Johnson, who was here a moment ago.非限制性定语从句中关系代词可以指代整个句子：学习必备欢迎下载I met so many problems, which I did not expect.My wife, who is singing on the stage, is from France.My wife who is singing on the stage is from France.注意：关系词在非限

15、制性定语从句中与限制性定语从句基本相同。例外：关系代词that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中任何关系词不能省略。as与which的区别：主要表现在非限制性定语从句中：as作关系词时，只能指代主句，不能指代主句中的先行词；而 which均可。which引导的定语从句不能位于句首；as引导的定语从句可位于句首，句中，句尾。3)介词+asShe married Tom, as was expected.Such与the same修饰先行词：当先行词前有such修饰时，关系词必须用as。as在从句中可作主，宾，表。People loved such a hero as was so

16、brave.当先行词前有the same时，后面关系词可为as与某一个相似的另一个that就是这一个He was really the same hero as they had read in a legend, though he was not the same hero that people had read in the legend. 分词短语作定语的翻译：首先考虑前置，在少数情况下如若翻译不通，分词短语就放在中心词的后面直接翻译。The emphasis on data gathered first-hand makes this study become a unique social science.Social stresses may also occur because of the problem arising from mass