句子成分讲解

1、主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语句子成分讲解定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语状语、补足语、同位语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.句子成分意义充当成分例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一

2、起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名，副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名词）Shewentoutinahurry.（代词）Fourplusfourisei

3、ght.（数词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（动名词）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名词化的形容词）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.5、Toseeistobelieve.6、Helikesdancing.7、Whatheneedsisabook.8、I

4、tisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：WeloveChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.HecanspeakEnglish.Sheseemstired.（

5、三）宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语Showyourpassport,please.（名词）Shedidntsayanything.（代词）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（数词）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名词化的形容词）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）（四）连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious

6、.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.找出下列句中的表语。Iamateacher.Theyareontheplayground.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Itgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.常见的系动词有be动词，还有get,become,turn,grow等表“变得”的词，和感观动词sound,look,smel,taste,feel等。（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.（形容词）Hisfatherworksinasteelwo

7、rk.（名词）Thereare54studentsinourclass.（数词）Doyouknownbettyssister?（名词所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（动名词）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（现在分词）Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（过去分词）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouk

8、nowthemanwhospokejustnow?找出下列句子的定语。Theblackbikeismine.Sheisachemistryteacher.Themaninblueismybrother.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehe

9、gotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.找出下列句中的状语Weoftenhelphim.Ireallydontlikethefood.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.随堂练习：分析下列句子结构：1)Youareastudent.2)Hefelthappytoday.3)Whatyousaidmademehappy.4)CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5)Afterhefinishe