2019年西城高三英语一模试题及答案

1、西城区高三统一测试英语本试卷共9页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AIoftenhelpmymomcookandbakedchickenismyfavoritethingtomake.Oneday,whenmomwassick,Itriedtomakethechickenallbymyself.Iwash

2、edthechickenandputitinapanintheoven1(bake).Whenthebellrangtotellmethechickenwasdone,Iopenedtheovendoor.Guesswhat?Thechickenwasnotcooked!Istartedtolaugh.Iforgottoturn2theoven!DidyouknowwhatIdidnext?I3(order)pizza.MomwashappyI“cooked”bymyselfandwecouldeatthepizzatogether.BChocolatewasfirstusedasadrink

3、over3,500yearsagoinCentralAmerica.ItwasverypopularwiththeMayansandtheAztecs.Infact,cocoabeanswereveryimportanttopeoplethere.Thatwas4theywereusedasmoney.Inthebeginning,cocoa5(plant)inEcuador,whichwas,foralongtime,theworldsnumber-oneproducerofcocoabeans.Itisstilloneofthetop6(producer)ofthebeans,butnow

4、adaysmorethan70percentofcocoabeanscomefromWestAfrica.Wallacesgiantbeeistheworlds7(large)bee,withabodythesizeofahumanthumbandwingsthatcanspreadtoaboutinches.Thatmaysound8(frighten),butthebeeisntlikelytohurtanyone.Itusesitslargejaws嘴)tocollectastickygoo,calledresin,fromtrees.Thebee9_(make)itshomeinter

5、mitemounds(白蚁丘)foundontrees,usingtheresintoprotectitsnestfromthetermites.Untilrecently,thebeehadbeenseenbyscientistsonly10(two),oncein1868andagainin1981.第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题分，共30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WefirstmetTomandGeeintheearlydaysofourmarriage.Someonehadbeen11_ourgarba

6、gecanstothegarageeachgarbageday,andJimandIhadwondered12.Thenonedaywe13him:anelderlymanwholivedacrossthestreet.Ibakedcookiesandleftthemonachairoutsidethegarage14athank-younote.Whenwegothomefromworkthatday,atypedletterhadreplacedthe15.TheletterwasfromTomandexplainedhowhehadcometo16theneighborhoodongar

7、bageday,returningcansforpeoplehe17knew.BackwhenhedbeenfightingawarIwasntalivetosee,hisyoungwife,Gee,hadfoundherselflivingalone.Neighborshadtakenthetimeto18hergarbagecansso19didnthaveto,andhe20forgot.Nowhepaiditforwardbydoingthesameforallofus.Afewyearsafterwedmovedin,Tomdied.Wephotocopiedthatletteran

8、d21ittooneofourownforGee.Wetoldherhow22Tomhadbeentous,howsadwefeltsorryforher,howthankfulweweretohave23him.ShewrotebackandtoldusshestilltalkedtoTomeveryday.Thesedays,wereplanninga24.Thehousethatseemedsohugesixyearsagoisfilledwithfurnitureandbooksandtoysand,ofcourse,people.Weknowitstimetogo,and25weca

9、ntseemtosticktheForSalesignuponthelawn.Gainingathirdbedroomsometimesseemslikeanawfultradeforallwestandto26.ItsnotjustGee.Itsthemanwholetsourkidspickpeacheosffthetreeinhisfrontyard.Itstheladieswho27Jimwhentheirpoolfilter（过滤器）breaksandleaveoverflowingbasketsforourkidsonEaster.Itsthpeoliceofficerliving

10、directlyacrossfromus,whosmilesandwavesandmakesmefeelalittle28whenJimisaway.Themovingboxesarestillneatlypackedinourbasement,butJimandIagreeto29untilJanuary.MaybebeforeleavingIlltalktoTom,justasGeestilldoes.Thankyou,Illsay,forteachinguswhatitmeanstobea30.11.A.liftingB.returningC.deliveringD.fixing12.A

11、.whoB.whatC.howD.why13.A.visitedB.caughtC.spottedD.followed14.A.inB.forC.toD.with15.A.giftB.chairC.garbageD.cake16.A.protectB.searchC.walkD.greet17.A.onlyB.barelyC.nearlyD.surely18.A.handleB.changeC.recycleD.open19.A.theyB.weC.heD.she20.A.neverB.alwaysC.sometimesD.seldom21.A.wrappedB.connectedC.atta

12、chedD.exposed22.A.specialB.hopefulC.powerfulD.lucky23.A.contactedB.rememberedC.knownD.understood24.A.partyB.tripC.meetingD.move25.A.alsoB.yetC.thenD.therefore26.A.winB.loseC.failD.save27.A.helpB.treatC.chargeD.call28.A.strongerB.happierC.saferD.firmer29.A.planB.waitC.prepareD.talk30.A.husbandB.frien

13、dC.coupleD.neighbor第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAmsterdamDestinationGuideAmsterdamisoneofthemostpopulartraveldestinationsintheworld,famousforitsbeautifulcanals,topartmuseums,cyclingcultureandsoon.ItisthecapitalandmostpopulouscityintheNetherland

14、sandoftenreferredtoasthe“VeniceoftheNorth”becauseofitsexpansivesystemofbridgesandcanals.HerearesomeofthekeypointstorememberasyouplanyourtriptoAmsterdam.BoomSeasonPopulationLanguage(s)CurrencyJanuaryClimateJulyClimateMaytoOctober813,562DutchEuroAverageAveragehigh:Chigh:CMust-SeeAttractionsMostvisitor

15、sbegintheirAmsterdamadventureintheOldCentre,whichisfulloftraditionalarchitecture,shoppingcenters,andcoffeeshops.YoullalsowanttocheckoutAmsterdamsMuseumQuarterintheSouthDistrict,whichisgreatforshoppingattheAlbertCuypMarketandhavingapicnicintheVondelpark.ThetopmuseumstovisittherearetheRijksmusuem,theA

16、nnFrankHouse,andtheVanGoghMuseum.IfYouHaveTimeThereareseveralotheruniquedistrictsinAmsterdam,andyoushouldtrytoexploreasmanyofthemastimeallows.TheCanalRingisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethatwasoriginallybuilttoattractwealthyhomeownersandisacenterforcelebrityspottingandnightlifetoday.ThePlantageareahasmost

17、ofthecitysmuseums,includingtheJewishHistoricalMuseum,theScheepvaartMuseum,andthebotanicalgardens.MoneySavingTipsUnlessyoureallywanttoseethetulips（郁金香）blooming,avoidbookingbetweenmid-Marchandmid-May.Thisiswhenhotelandflightpricesrise.LookforaccommodationsinAmsterdamsSouthDistrict,whereratesaregeneral

18、lycheaperthaninthecitycenter.Buytrainticketsatthemachineinsteadofthecountertosaveabitofmoney.Insteadofhiringatourguide,hoponacanalboat.Theyreinexpensiveandwillgiveyouauniquepointofviewofthecity.Checkoutourhomepagetoviewpricecomparisonsforflights,hotels,andrentalcarsbeforeyoubook.Whatcanbelearnedabou

19、tAmsterdamfromthispassage?Amsterdamiscalledthe“VeniceoftheNorthbecauseofitslocation.TheVanGoghMuseumliesinAmsterdamsMuseumQuarter.TheOldCentreisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.TheCanalRingisaplacetoattractgardenlovers.InordertosavemoneyinAmsterdam,youcan.arrangeaguidedcanaltourbuytrainticketsatthecounterre

20、serveahotelintheSouthDistrictbookflightsbetweenmid-Marchandmid-MayWhereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?Amagazine.B.Anessay.C.Areport.D.Awebsite.BThreemonthsafterHurricaneKatrinain2005,RebeccaSell,then24,aphotojournalistforFredericksburgphotographedaNewOrleanscoupleworriedlyexaminingwater-spottedph

21、otoalbums.Asshetookthephoto,somethingwithinherclicked.“ItoldthemIcouldtaketheruinedpictures,copythemandgivethemdigitallyrestored（修复）photos,”sherecalls.Althoughabitsceptical,thecoupleagreed.Rebeccatooktheirphotoshome,restoredthemandtookthemtothecoupleattheirtemporaryhome.“Itfeltsogoodtobeabletodothat

22、forthem,saysRebecca.Whenhereditor,DaveEllis,sawthephotoofthecouple,hesuggestedtheygobackandrestoredamagedphotosforevenmorepeople.SoinJanuary2006,withpaidtimeofffromthepaper,thetwosetupshopinPassChristian.Afterpostinganoticeinthecommunitynewsletter,RebeccaandDavereceived500photosinfourdays.Foreach,th

23、epairtookanewdigitalpicture,thenusedhigh-techsoftwaretoerasewaterspotsandrestorecolors.ItjustsohappenedthatapopularwebsitelinkedtoDavesblogabouttheexperience,andsoonOperationPhotoRescue,asticametobeknown,hademailsfromhundredsofvolunteers,includingphotographersandrestorationexperts,eagertohelp.Though

24、digitalrestorationisapainstakingprocess,mendingirreplaceablefamilypicturesmeanstheworldtovictimslikeEmilyLancaster,71,whotookoutpilesofruinedphotoalbumsafterKatrina,neverthinkingthemesscouldbesaved.Butshejustcouldntbeartopartwithafewtreasuredpictures,includingaportraitofherfather,whohadpassedaway,an

25、daphotoofherhusbandasaboy.ThensheheardaboutOperationPhotoRescue.“Ididnthaveawholelotofhopetheycouldfixthem,buttheydid”Emilysays.“AlmosteverydayIthinkaboutallthepicturesIvelost.Imsohappytohavethesetwo.InthefiveyearssinceKatrina.OperationPhotoRescuehascollectedthousandsofpicturesruinedbyfloods,hurrica

26、nesandtornadoes.Volunteersmake“copyrunstodisasterareasacrossthecountrytogatherdamagedphotosfromsurvivors;operatingcostsarecoveredbydonations.“Itsgreattobeabletogivepeoplesomeoftheirhistoryback,saysRebecca.“Onepersontoldmethatthankstous,hergrandmothergottoseeherphotosagainbeforeshepassedaway.Momentsl

27、ikethatremindmewhyIdothis.WhenRebeccatookthepictureoftheNewOrleanscouple,shedecidedto.takethemtotheirtemporaryhomehelpwiththeirdamagedphotossetupshopinPassChristiancoverHurricaneKatrinaFromParagraph2,weknowthatDaveandRebecca.quittheirjobsin2006inspiredvolunteerstojointhemspentfourdaysmendingthephoto

28、smadetheirworkknownintheirnewspaperHowdidEmilyLancasterfeelwhenshefirstheardaboutOperationPhotoRescue?A.Excited.B.Hopeless.C.Satisfied.D.Sceptical.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?SurvivingHurricanesAnActofGenerositySavingMemoriesALuckyCoupleCLikemanyotherpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage,Ioftenhavet

29、hesensethatImaslightlydifferentpersonineachofmylanguagesmoreconfidentinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,moreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralcompass（指南针）alsopointsinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageImusingatthetime?Psychologistswhostudymoraljudgmentshaveb

30、ecomeveryinterestedinthisquestion.Thefindingsofseveralrecentstudiessuggestthatwhenpeoplearefacedwithmoraldilemmas（困境）,theydoindeedresponddifferentlywhenconsideringtheminaforeignlanguagethanwhenusingtheirnativetongue.Ina2014paperledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trol

31、leyproblem”:imaginethatarunawaytrolleyismovingquicklytowardagroupoffivepeoplestandingonthetracks,unabletomove.Youarenexttoaswitchthatcanmovethetrolleytoadifferentsetoftracks,thereforesparingthefivepeople,butresultinginthedeathofonewhoisstandingonthesidetracks.Doyoupulltheswitch?Mostpeopleagreethatth

32、eywould.Butwhatiftheonlywaytostopthetrolleyisbypushingalargestrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath?Peopletendtobeveryhesitanttosaytheywoulddothis,eventhoughinbothsituations,onepersonissacrificedtosavefive.ButCostaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatpresentingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasaforeignto

33、nguedramaticallyincreasedtheirstatedwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%ofrespondentsworkingintheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.Whydoesitmatterwhetherwejudgemoralityinournativelanguageoraforeignone?Accordingtooneexplanation,suchjudgmentsinvolvet

34、woseparateandcompetingwaysofthinkingoneofthese,aquick,natural“feeling,”andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemorecarefulwaysimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginournon-nativelanguagesignalsourcognitive认（知的）systemtopre

35、parefordifficultactivity.Analternativeexplanationisthatdifferencesarisebetweennativeandforeigntonguesbecauseourchildhoodlanguagesarefilledwithgreateremotionsthanarethoselearnedinmoreacademicsettings.Asaresult,moraljudgmentsmadeinaforeignlanguagearelessfilledwiththeemotionalreactionsthatsurfacewhenwe

36、usealanguagelearnedinchildhood.Theresstrongevidencethatmemoryconnectsalanguagewiththeexperiencesandinteractionsthroughwhichthatlanguagewaslearned.Forexample,peoplewhoarebilingual（双语的）aremorelikelytorecallanexperienceifremindedinthelanguageinwhichthateventoccurred.Ourchildhoodlanguages,learnedinthemi

37、ddleofpassionateemotion,becomefilledwithdeepfeeling.Bycomparison,languagesacquiredlateinlife,especiallyiftheyarelearnedthroughlimitedinteractionsintheclassroomordullydeliveredovercomputerscreensandheadphones,enterourmindslackingtheemotionalitythatispresentfortheirnativespeakers.Whatdoes“thisquestion

38、”inParagraph2referto?Whatcontributestooneslanguageimprovements?Isitnecessarytolearnmorethanoneforeignlanguage?Doesthelanguageoneusesinfluenceonesmoraljudgments?Howdopeopledealwithmoraldilemmasinaforeignlanguage?Whenthe“trolleyproblem”waspresentedinaforeignlanguage,volunteersweremorelikelyto.careless

39、aboutthefivepeoplepulltheswitchtothesidetracksremainhesitantaboutwhattodosacrificethestrangeronthefootbridgeTheunderlinedwordinParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto.considerationB.guidanceC.selectionD.arrangementWhatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Bilingualpeoplearelessemotionalthanothers.Nativelanguage

40、learninginvolvesgreateremotions.Childhoodmemorieslimitforeignlanguagelearning.Academicsettingspromoteforeignlanguagelearning.DWetalkcontinuouslyabouthowtomakechildrenmore“resilient（有恢复力的）”,butwhateverweredoing,itsnotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionarerisingrapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewe

41、doingwrong?NassimTalebinventedtheword“antifragile”andusedittodescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthatgainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmune（免疫的）systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens（过敏原）inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Childrens

42、socialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmeunsystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeepthem“safe”fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive（剥夺）themofthechallengesandopportunitiesforskill-buildingtheyneedtogrowstrong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasa

43、ntbutordinarylifeevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.Itsnotthekidsfault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.Outdoorplayandindependentmobilitywentdo

44、wn;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.Deprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.Norwegianplayresearche

45、rsEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:“Wemayobserveanincreasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginageadequateriskyplay.”Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersan

46、ddepressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalfordeliberatelyharmingthemselves.Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordinarychallengesoflife?Wecantguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchil

47、drenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherateofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosuspectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematical

48、lypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgoandletthemgrow.WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?Tostressitsimportance.Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.Toquestionthelatestdiscovery.Tohelpunderstandanewword.Parentsoverprotectchildrenbecause.theyareconcernedabouttheirchildrenssafetytheywanttokeepchild

49、renfrombeingteasedparent-monitoredactivitiesareamustchildrenarenotindependentenoughAccordingtotheauthor,motechildrensresiliencestrengthenchildrensfriendshipreducechildrensriskybehaviordevelopchildrensleadershipskillsWhichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Stoptryingtoperfe

50、ctyourchild.Ittakesgreatcouragetoraisechildren.Preparethechildfortheroad,nottheroadforthechild.Whilewetrytoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,ourchildrenteachuswhatlifeisallabout.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Todaysstudentsaresurroundedbyinformation.Theabilitytofigureoutex

51、actlywhyauthorswriteandnotaccepteveryopinionasfactisakeyskill.46Thefollowingstrategiesteachthemhowtofigureoutwhyauthorsreallywrite.Startwithwhy.“Whydidtheauthorwritethispiece?”isthekeyquestionaskedtoidentifyauthorspurpose.Tohelpstudentsexpandtheirunderstandingof“why,”postvarioustypesofnonfiction(ana

52、dvertisement,opinionarticle,newsarticle,etc.)aroundyourclassroomandhavestudentsquicklyidentifyapurposeforeach.47Talkaboutstructure.Authorsusedifferentstructuresfordifferentpurposes.Forexample,oneauthormayusetimeordertoexplainanevent,whileanotherauthorusescompareandcontrasttoputthateventintocontext.4

53、8Oftenwhenauthorswrite,theyretryingtogetreaderstofeelacertainway.Perhapstheauthorofanarticleaboutwhaleconservationwantsreaderstofeelsadaboutthedifficultsituationofwhales.Ortheauthorofalettermaywanttomaketherecipientfeelbetteraboutasituation.Afterstudentsreadatext,stopandask:Howdoyoufeel?Andhowdidthe

54、authorgetyoutofeelthisway?Connectittostudentsownwriting.Itdoesnthavetobesaidthatwritingandreadinggohandinhand.49Whenstudentsareaskedtowriteaboutatopicthattheythinkeveryoneshouldknowabout,toexplainaprocedureortoshareapersonalmemory,theyllbecomemoreconsciousofhowauthorsapproachwriting.Observehowpurpos

55、echangeswithinatext.Authorspurposeisoftenstudiedthroughthetextasawhole,butauthorshavedifferentreasonsforwritingwithintextsaswell.50Then,theymaylaunchintoalistoffactsthatmakethereaderfeeldiscouragedaboutthesituation.Andfinally,theymayconcludewithanappeal.Takeashortarticleandbreakitapart,identifyingth

56、edifferentpurposessothatstudentsseehowauthorspurposechangesastheyread.A.Gettotheheart.Identifythetopic.Thereadersmaygetmoreadvancedintheirworkwithinformationaltext.Forexample,anauthormayincludeafunnyanecdote（轶事）todrawthereaderin.Inparticular,theyllneedtofigureoutauthorspurposeanddrawtheirownconclusi

57、ons.Expandstudentsawarenessofwhypeoplewritebyhavingthemwritefordifferentpurposes.OrkeeparunningAuthorsPurposeboardwithalistofthevariousreasonsthatauthorswrite.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）你的英国朋友Jim对你们学校的学生社会实践活动非常感兴趣。他来信希望你介绍这方面的有关情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：学校有哪些社会实践活动；你最喜欢哪一类活动；喜欢的原因。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词

58、数。提示词：社会实践活动extracurricularactivityDearJim,Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三年级学生李华.请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录上周你制作以“我眼中的改革开放40年”为主题的小报的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：改革开放四十年40yearsofChinasreformandopening-up改革开放四十周年展览exhibitioncommemoratingthe40thanniversaryofChinasreformandopening-up（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区

59、域内）西城区高三统一测试高三英语参考答案及评分标准第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共15小题；每小题分，共15分）1tobake2on3ordered4why5wasplanted6producers7largest8frightening9makes10twice第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题分，共30分）11B12A13C14D15A16C17B18A19D20A21C22A23C24D25B26B27D28C29B30D第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）31B32C33D34B35B36D37C38C39D40A41B4

60、2D43A44A45C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）46E47G48A49F50D第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）一、评分原则：1本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。4拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。、各档次的给分范围和要求：第一档（13分15分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。内容完整，条理清楚；交际得体，