2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit2

1、Unit2MistakestoSuccessNewwordsandexpressionsNewwordsspillv.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出respondv.作出反应；响应respondto.responseinterviewv.（媒体）采访，访问creativeadj.创作的occurv.发生；出现Itoccurredtomethat.removev.拿开；去掉refrigeratorn.冰箱gripn.紧握；紧抓slipperyadj.滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）contentn.所容纳之物；所含之物veritableadj.十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的yellv.叫喊；大喊；

2、吼叫lecturen.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责14.messn.肮脏；杂乱；不整洁精选文库 rarelyadv.罕有；很少；不常rareanimals/stampsRarelyishelateforclass.puddlen.水洼；小水坑eventually最后；终于restorev.使复原；使复位；使复职spongen.海绵块effectivelyadv.有效地effectiveineffective注意区分：effective/efficienttinyadj.极小的；微小的discoverv.了解到；认识到；查明discoverygraspv.抓紧；抓牢lipn.（容器或凹陷地方的）边

3、，边沿renownedadj.有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的remarkv.谈论；评论opportunityn.机会；时机scientificadj.科学（上）的；关于科学的scieneescientist例如：Themedicalscieneeismakinggreatprogressinthetreatmentofcancer.Youshouldprovidescientificevidenceinsteadofsubjectiveevidencetoprovethistheoryholdswater.Severalworld-renownedscientistswillbeinvitedtoa

4、ttendtheforum.29.valuableadj.很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的PhrasesandExpressionsinthismanner用这种方式set.apartfrom区别；使与众不同n.TextLearningSpiltMilkHaveyouheardofthestoryaboutsplitmilk?(1)Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoversplitmilkButthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldrespondinthismanner.Irecentlyheardastoryab

5、outafamousresearchscientist(研究科学家，高级研究员)whohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.(2)Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofaapartfromothers?Herespondedthat,inhisopinion,itallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthatoccurredwhe

6、nhewasabouttwoyearsold.(3)Hehadbeentryingtoremoveabottleofmilkfromthrefrigeratorwhenhelosthigripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor-veritableseaofmilk!Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofyellingathim,givinghimalecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,(4)Robert,whatagrea

7、tandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup?Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid，Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestoreeveryt

8、hingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.Hismotherthensaid,Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Letsgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottl

9、ewithwaterandseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit.(5)Thelittleboylearnedthatifhgraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingWhatawonderfullesson!(承上总结句)(6)Therenownedscientistremarkedthaftwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidntneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.(7)Ins

10、tead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnewwhichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperimentdoesntwork,weusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.(8)WouldntitbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobertsmotherrespondedtohim?本文重点及难点：Well,weallknowthereisno

11、usecryingoversplitmilk.There/Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?whoaskedwhyfromothers定语从句，修饰先行词anewspaperreporter。whyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson和whatsethimsofar

12、apartfromothers都是ask的直接宾语。theaverageperson普通人sethimsofarapartfromothers使他特别有别于他人，使他和别人有很大不同。far在这里是副词，加强程度。注意区分：sofar迄今为止，到目前为止。相当于bynow,uptonow,asyet。SofarhehasmasteredfiveforeignIanguages.Hehadbeentryingtoremoveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingi

13、tscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor-averitableseaofmilk!他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是-白花花的一片。Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!感叹句。注意what和how的区别：Whataslowerwalkerheis!Howslowlyheiswalking!Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwith

14、outdroppingit.graspthebottleatthetopv.+sb./sth.+介词+the+身体部位/衣服(2)withoutdroppingit作状语。再如：Tomleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.Heranout(without)sayingagood.Therenownedscientistremarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidntneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.宾语从句是强调结构itwas.that.。注意区分强调结构和it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。例如：Itwasinth

15、isparkthattheyfirstmeteachother.Itwasthisparkwhere/inwhichtheyfirstmeteachother.ItisimportantthatwelearnaforeignIanguagewell.7.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如此。Wouldntitbeg

16、reatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobertsmotherrespondedtohim?该句是个反问句，相当于语气很强烈的肯定句。thewayRobertsmotherrespondedtohim作状语，相当于intheway。再如：Helearnedmoneywasnoteverythingthehardway.(2)thewaysb.does/didsth.某人做某事的方式Ilikethewayshedressesherself.Peopledontthewayhetalks.III.部分练习讲解P128BridgingtheGapDirections:

17、Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解题方法：把词分类动词名词形容词副词介词连词fearfearunavoidablewiselywithoutsothatreachsuccessunderaslongasreachbetweenLotsofpeopledontdaretomakemistakes.They1fearthattheywillberidiculedorblamedbyothers.Theyfearthattheyw

18、illlosetheirmoneyandbelongingsorbe2underalotofstress.Butrisksare3unavoidableandtheydopavethewayyoumusttread(踩，踏)upontowards4succcess.Haveyoueverheardofsomeonewhoachievessuccess5withoutmakinganymistakesbefore?Soitisonlynaturalthatmakingmistakesinyoureffortto6reachyourdreamsisconsideredamust,andyousho

19、uldntworryaboutthatasyoumaygetalotofadvantagesoutofyourmistakes.Bymakingmistakesatleastyouthencandistinguish7betweenthecorrectandtheincorrectportionsofwhatyoudid.AnthonyDAngelosaid:Inordertosucceedyoumustfail,8sothatyouknowwhattodothenexttime,andRobertLouisStevensonevenwenttotheextremeastosay:Ourbus

20、inessinlifeisnottosucceed,buttocontinuetofailingoodspirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）.Youneedntworryaboutanything9aslongasyoukeepongoingby10wiselylearningfromyourmistakesandtryingevenharder.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwordsglancen.瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视touchn.修饰；润色；装点frostn.给（糕饼）覆上糖霜aestheticadj.审美的；有审美观点的；美学的triumphn.巨大成功；伟大胜利l

21、umpyadj.多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的frostingn.糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等）blendern.（电动）食物搅拌器fixingsn.pl.（菜肴的）配料requisiteadj.必需的；必备的；必不可少的utensiln.（家庭）用具，器皿12.phoenixn.（传说中的）凤凰，长生鸟13.cluttern.杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱14.presentv.把交给；颁发；授予注意作为动词和名词时的发音差别。再如：import,export,record,produce等。anniversaryn.周年纪念日flashn.闪光；闪耀positionv.安装；安置；使处于sl

22、idev.（使）快捷而悄声地移动explodev.突然爆发，进发（感情）explosionexplosiven.炸药adj.爆炸性的slipv.悄悄疾行；溜flipv.（开）；按（按钮）trumpetv.发出喇叭声gesturev.做手势；用手势表示grandlyadv.骄傲地；自负地slightlyadv.略微；稍微off-balaneeadj.不平衡的；不稳定的layern.层；表层inspeetionn.检查；查看；审视moanv.抱怨interjeetv.打断（别人的讲话）；插话gentlyadv.温柔地；温和地；和缓地disastern.灾难；不幸；彻底失败stormv.气呼呼地疾走

23、slamv.（使）砰地关上slamthedoorshutsilentlyadv.悄悄地；静静地silentsileneev./n.moistadj.微湿的；湿润的moisturen.sufferv.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨sufferpain（s）/torture（s）/losses/failuressufferfromasplittingheadacheoccasionaladj.偶然的；临时的oeeasionoeeasionallyissuen.重要议题；争论的问题significancen.（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义significantsignificantl

24、ystuffn.（事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用）东西，物品，玩意儿awfullyadv.非常；极其troublesomeadj.令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的deservev.值得；应得；应受frustrationn.令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物frustratev.frustratedadj.carpetn.地毯emergev.露头；显现区分两个名词：emergenee/emergencydignityn.自豪；自尊；自重indignityn.侮辱，轻蔑，无礼举动sanitationn.环境卫生sacrificen.牺牲；舍弃sacrificeAforBmakeself-sacrifi

25、cetenderadj.易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的responsibilityn.责任；负责responsible(tosb./forsth.)irresponsibleresponsiblyoccasionallyadv.偶然；偶尔；有时候consequencen.结果；后果PhrasesandExpressionsfromscratch从头开始，从零开始runoutof用完，耗尽stayup熬夜n.TextLearningTheCakeCindyglaneednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbeforemidnight.Theys

26、houldbehomeanytimenow,shethoughtassheputthefinishingtouches（最后润色，收尾工作）onthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,aitdbehonestitwasntexactlyanaesthetictriump.Thecakewas.well,lump.Andthefrostingwasbitter,asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofco

27、urse,shehad.本部分重点及难点：Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,.注意本句的时态。It/This/Thatwillbethefirsttimetheyhavemeteachother.It/This/ThatisthethirdtimehehasseenanEnglishfilm.It/This/Thatwasthelasttimehehaddonesuchastrangething.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】4.TheywillgotoAmericanextmo

28、nth.ThatwillbethefirsttimethattheyAmerica.willvisithadvisitedwillhavevisitedhavevisited【答案】D【解析】本题考查重要结构It/That/Thisbethe1st/2nd/.timethat中的时态。该句型要注意时态的一致。即：主句为一般将来或一般现在时/从句用现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。本句中主句为一般将来时，故选择D。【知识点】重要结构It/That/Thisbethe1st/2nd/.timethat中的时态Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.

29、Imagineahugeblenderfilledwithallthefixingsforchocolatecake-includingtherequisitebowls,pansandutensils.Nowimaginethattheblenderisturnedon.Highspeed.Withthelidoff.Doyougettheidea?ButCindywasntthinkingaboutthemess.Shehadcreatedsomething,averitablephoenixofflourandsugarrisingoutofthekitchenclutter.(2)Sh

30、ewasanxiousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresenthanniversarygifttothem.Sheturnedoffthekitchenlightsandwaitedexcitedlyinthedarkness.Whenatlastshesawtheflashofthecarheadlights,shepositionedherselfinthekitchendoorway.(3)Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoe

31、xploding.(4)Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouhavenoneofthat.Sheflippedonthelightsdramaticallyandtrumpeted:Ta-daaaShegesturedgrandlytowardthekitchentable,whereaslightlyoff-balaneetwo-layerchocolatecakeawaitedtheirinspection.Buthermotherseyesnevermadeitallthewaytothetable.Justlookatthismess!s

32、hemoaned.HowmanytimeshaveItalkedtoyouaboutcleaningupafteryourself?ButMom,Iwasonly.Ishouldmakeyoucleanthisuprightnow,butImtootiredtostayupwithyoutomakesureyougetitdoneright,hermothersaid.(5)SoyoulldoitfirstthingintheIImorning.本部分重点及难点：Shewasanxiousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldprese

33、ntheranniversarygifttothi.beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.当听到钥匙插进门锁的声音时，她的心几乎要蹦出来了！Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.wouldhavenoneofit不接受，不允许5.Soyoulldoitfirstthinginthemorning.firstthinginthemorning早上第一

34、件事Hebrusheshisteethfirstthinginthemorningeveryday.Honey,Cindysfatherinterjectedgently,takealookatthetable.Iknow-itsamess,hiswifesaidcoldly.Thewholekitchenisadisaster.Icantstandtolookatit.Shestormedupthestairsandintoherroom,slammingthedoorshutbehindher.(6)ForafewmomentsCindyandherfatherstoosilentl,ne

35、itheroneknowingwhattosayAtlastshelookedupathimhereyesmoistandredSheneversawthecake,shesaid.本部分重点及难点：6.ForafewmomentsCindyandherfatherstoodsilently,neitheroneknowingwhattosay.Atlastshelookedupathim,hereyesmoistandred.neitheroneknowingwhattosay以及hereyesmoistandred都是独立主格结构，即：名词/代词+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式。再如：Th

36、eteachercamein,(with)(a)bookin(his)hand.Themonitorbeingill,wehavetopostponethemeeting.Hishomework(havingbeen)finished,hedecidedtogotoseeafilm.Theworkershavingfinishedalltheirtasksaheadoftime,thebossdecidedtogivethemadayoff.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforaspringouting.Somanypeople(being)absent,themeetinghastobecanceled.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】5.Tomtheoldmanbythearm,theycrossedthestreettogetherslowly.A.leadingB.ledC.havingledD.havingbeenled【答案】A【解析】本题考查独立主格。Tom和lead构成主谓关系,lead表示主动含义，故选择现在分词。A和C同属现在分词形式，B和D同属过去分词（应