CATTI三级笔译实务2020年(7)真题(含答案与解析)模拟题

1、CATTI三级笔译实务真题2020年(总分100,做题时间180分钟)English-Chinese Translationl.As digital technologies and automation have advanced, fears about workers futures have increased. But, the end result does not have to be negative. The key is education.Already, robots are taking over a growing number of routine and rep

2、etitive tasks, putting workers in some sectors under serious pressure. In South Korea, which has the worlds highest density of industrial robots - 631 per 10, 000 workers 一 manufacturing employment is declining, and youth unemployment is high. In the United States, the increased use of robots has, a

3、ccording to a 2022 study, hurt employment and wages.But while technological progress undoubtedly destroys jobs, it also creates them. The invention of motor vehicles largely wiped out jobs building or operating horse-drawn carriages, but generated millions more not just in automobile factories, but

4、also in related sectors like road construction.The challenge today lies in the fact that the production and use of increasingly advanced technologies demand new, often higher-level skills, which cannot simply be picked up on the job. Given this, countries need to ensure that all of their residents h

5、ave access to high-quality education and training programs that meet the needs of the labor market. The outcome of the race between technology and education will determine whether the opportunities presented by major innovations are seized, and whether the benefits of progress are widely shared.In a

6、 report by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 66% of executives surveyed were dissatisfied with the skill level of young employees, and 52% said a skills gap was an obstacle to their firms performance. Meanwhile, according to a survey, 21% of workers reported feeling over-educated for their jobs

7、.This suggests that formal education is teaching workers the wrong things, and that deep reform is essential to facilitate the development of digital knowledge and technical skills, as well asnon-routine cognitive and non-cognitive (or soft) skills. This includes the four Cs of twenty-first century

8、learning (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, *munication) areas where humans retain a considerable advantage over artificially intelligent machines.The process must begin during primary education, because only with a strong foundation can people take full advantage of later education and

9、training. And in the economy of the future, that training will never really end. Given rapid technological progress, improved opportunities for effective lifelong learning will be needed to enable workers to upgrade their skills continuously or learn new ones. At all levels of education, curricula s

10、hould be made more flexible and responsive to changing technologies and market demands. One potential barrier to this approach is a dearth of well-trained teachers. Building a quality teaching force will require both monetary and non-monetary incentives for teachers and higher investment in their pr

11、ofessional development.This includes ensuring that teachers have the tools they need to take full advantage of information *munication technology (ICT), which is not being used widely, despite its potential to ensure broad access to lifelong learning through formal and informal channels.ICT can also

12、 help to address shortages of qualified teachers and other educational resources by providing access across long distances, via online learning platforms. For example, theMassachusetts Institute of Technologys OpenCourseWare enables students around the world to reach some of the worlds foremost teac

13、hers.This points to the broader value of international cooperation. The education challenges raised by advancing technologies affect everyone, so countries should work together to address them,including through exchanges of students and teachers and construction and upgrading of ICT infrastructure.T

14、he artificial intelligence revolution will be hugely disruptive, but it will not make humans obsolete. With revamped education systems, we can ensure that technological progress makes all of our lives more hopeful, fulfilling, and prosperous.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI分值:50答案：随着数字技术和自动化技术的进展，人们越来越担忧劳动者的将来。但最终结果未

15、必是负 面的，解决问题的关键在于教育。机器人已在不断接手越来越多的常规工作和重复任务，使一些行业的工人承受着巨大压力。 韩国拥有全球最高的工业机器人密度每1万名工人就有631个机器人，所以，韩国的制造业就业率不断下降，青年失业率很高。2022年的一项讨论 说明，在，对机器人的使用日益增多，已伤及就业形势和薪酬支付。毫无疑问，技术进步毁掉了一些就业机会，但它也制造了一些新的就业机会。机动车的创 造曾在很大程度上彻底取消了制造马车或运营马车的工作岗位，但却在汽车工厂和道路建设 等相关领域制造了数百万以上的就业岗位。当今的挑战在于，生产和使用日益先进的技术需要新的、通常是更高级的技能，而这些技 能并

16、不能简洁地在工作岗位上学到。因此，各国需要确保本国所有居民都能受到满意劳动力 市场需求的高质量教育和培训I。技术与教育之间的竞争结果将打算能否抓住重大创新带来的 机遇，能否广泛共享进步带来的好处。经济学人智库（EIU）的一份调查报告显示，在接受调查的高管中，有66%的人对年轻员工的技能水平感到不满，52%的人表示技能缺乏阻碍了公司业绩。同时，一项调 查显示，21%的员工表示自己的教育程度超过了工作需要。这说明，正规教育讲授的内容消失了偏差，因此，很有必要进行深层，促进数字学问和技 术技能的进展，同时也促进特别规认知技能和非认知（或“软”）技能的进展。这些技能包含 “英文以C字母开头的四个二十一

17、世纪学习技能” critical thinking（批判性思维）、 creativity（制造力）、collaboration（协作）和communication（沟通），而这些技能正是人类始终高 于人工智能机器的地方。这一教育进程得从学校开头，由于只有在坚实的基础上，才能充分利用之后的教育与培训。 将来经济中，这种培训永久不会停止。技术的飞速进展促使劳动者需要更好的机会进行有效 的终身学习，这样才能不断提升自身技能或学会新技能。各级教育的课程设置应当更敏捷， 以满意日新月异的技术与市场需求。这一做法的一个潜在障碍就是缺乏训练有素的老师。建 设一支高素养的老师队伍不仅需要赐予老师经济和非经济的

18、激励，也需要对老师职业进展进 行更多。这包括确保老师拥有充分利用信息通信技术所需的工具，虽然信息通信技术有潜力通过正 式与非正式渠道广泛促成终身学习，但当下还未得到普遍应用。信息通信技术还能通过在线 学习平台供应远程教育，关心解决合格老师与其他教育资源短缺的问题。例如，麻省理工学 院的开放式课程网页（OpenCourseWare）使世界各地的同学都能接触到世界一流的老师。这表达了国际合作具有更广泛的价值。技术不断进步给教育带来了挑战，这影响到每个人, 因此，各国应当通力合作来应对这些挑战，例如，通过同学和老师的交换工程、信息通信技 术基础设施的建设与升级工程。人工智能革命会有巨大的破坏力，但它

19、不会使人类淘汰。随着教育体系的改进，信任技术 进步会让我们全部人生活得更加富有美满,布满盼望。1. Already, robots are taking over a growing number of routine and repetitive tasks, putting workers in some sectors under serious pressure.机器人已在不断接手越来越多的常规工作和重复任务，使一些行业的工人承受着 巨大压力。技巧分析理解结构+显化英语形态变化原文中的现在分词短语 putting workers in some sectors under seriou

20、s pressure 是主句的结 果状语，所以翻译时加入了 “使”字。原文的谓语动词are taking over是现在进行体的形式，翻译时显化了这一形态变化，加入了 “不断”。In South Korea, which has the worldy s highest density of industrial robots 一 631 per 10, 000 workersmanufacturing employment is declining, and youth unemployment is high. 韩国 拥有全球最高的工业机器人密度每1万名工人就有631个机器人，所以，韩国的

21、制造业 就业率不断下降，青年失业率很高。技巧分析单独处理定语从句+理解主从关系原文中含有关系代词which引导的定语从句，先行词是South Korea,由于定语从句较长，翻译时可单独处理为一句话。定语从句和主句是因果关系，翻译时加入了关 联词“所以”。In the United States, the increased use of robots has, according to a 2022 study, hurt employment and wages. 2022年的一项讨论说明，在，对机器人的使用日益增多，已伤及就 业形势和薪酬支付。技巧分析调整语序+拆分结构依据汉语习惯，状语a

22、ccording to a 2022 study在译文中应当放在句首。主语the increased use of robots根据汉语流散结构的特点，被拆分出来单独翻译为一句话。The challenge today lies in the fact that the production and use of increasingly advanced technologies demand new, often higher-level skills, which cannot simply be picked up on the job.当今的挑战在于，生产和使用日益先进的技术需要新的

23、、通常是更高级的技能，而这 些技能并不能简洁地在工作岗位上学到。技巧分析重复先行词原文中含有关系代词Which引导的定语从句，先行词是skills,为了汉语行文通顺流畅， 翻译时单独将定语从句处理为一个小句，并重复了先行词。5. Given this, countries need to ensure that all of their residents have access to high-quality education and training programs that meet the needs of the labor market.因此，各国需要确保本国全部居民都能受到满

24、意劳动力 市场需求的高质量教育和培训。技巧分析前置定语从句+选词用词原文中含有关系代词that引导的定语从句，先行词是education andtraining programs,该定语从句在翻译时置于先行词前面，符合汉语表达习惯。have access to表示具有干某事的途径、方法或机会，在这里和宾语education and training programs搭配， 译为“受到”。The outcome of the race between technology and education will determine whether the opportunities present

25、ed by major innovations are seized, and whether the benefits of progress are widely shared.技术与教育之间的竞争结果将打算能否抓住重大创新带来的机遇，能否 广泛共享进步带来的好处。技巧分析转换语态原文中含有两个whether引导的宾语从句，这两个宾语从句都是被动句，为了译文的通顺, 需要将被动语态转化为主动语态。This suggests that formal education is teaching workers the wrong things, and that deep reform is

26、essential to facilitate the development of digital knowledge and technical skills, as well as non-routine cognitive and non-cognitive（or usoftv ）skills.这说明，正规教育讲授的内容消 失了偏差，因此，很有必要进行深层，促进数字学问和技术技能的进展，同时也促进特别规 认知技能和非认知（或“软”）技能的进展。技巧分析拆分结构+化整为零原文包含两个that引导的宾语从句，其次个宾语从句的非谓语动词to facilitate引导了两 个较长的宾语。英语利

27、用连接词that, and, as well as等连接了这些成分，凸现了英语形合 的特点，但是翻译为汉语时，需要拆分结构，化整为零。另外，两个宾语从句之间是因果关 系，翻译时力口入“因此”，显得更加流畅。This includes the four Cs of twenty-first centurylearning” （critical thinking, creativity, collaboration,*munication） areas where humans retain a considerable advantage over artificially intelligen

28、t machines.这些技能包含“英文以C字母开头的四个二十一世纪学习技能”一一 critical thinking（批判性思维）、creativity（制造力）、collaboration（协作）和 communication（沟 通）.而这些技能正是人类始终高于人工智能机器的地方。技巧分析考虑读者接受+译者素养翻译时加入了 “英文以C字母开头的，并将四个C的详细英语词汇一一列于其后，括号 内注明汉语译文，这是为了让汉语读者一目了然地了解为什么称之为四个C。翻译时考虑读 者接受是译者须具备的基本素养。Given rapid technological progress, improved

29、opportunities for effective lifelong learning will be needed to enable workers to upgrade their skills continuously or learn new ones. 技术的 飞速进展促使劳动者需要更好的机会进行有效的终身学习，这样才能不断提升自身技能或学 会新技能。技巧分析转换语态原文是个被动结构，主干是 opportunities will be needed,主语 improved opportunities for effective lifelong learning较长，所以在翻译

30、时需转换为主动结构。At all levels of education, curricula should be made moreflexible and responsive to changing technologies and market demands. 各级教育的课程设置 应当更敏捷，以满意日新月异的技术与市场需求。技巧分析选词用词原文中curricula should be made是被动结构，翻译时做了意义整合，译为“课程设置”。 be responsive to的意思是“对做出应答或反响”，这里搭配的宾语是demands,所以译 为“满意需求”。One potentia

31、l barrier to this approach is a dearth of well-trained teachers.这一做法的一个潜在障碍就是缺乏训练有素的老师。技巧分析选词用词a dearth of表示“缺少、缺乏“，相当于a lack of。Building a quality teaching force will require both monetary and non-monetary incentives for teachers and higher investment in their professional development. 建设支高素养的老师 队伍

32、不仅需要赐予老师经济和非经济的激励，也需要对老师职业进展进行更多。技巧分析拆分结构+化整为零原文中的谓语动词require带了两个由and连接的宾语，比拟长，所以翻译时为了符合汉 语表达习惯，把该结构拆分成了两局部，并加入关联词“不仅也This includes ensuring that teachers have the tools they need to take full advantage of information *munication technology(ICT), which is not being used widely, despite its potential

33、 to ensure broad access to lifelong learning through formal and informal channels. 这包括确保老 师拥有充分利用信息通信技术所需的工具，虽然信息通信技术有潜力通过正式与非正式渠道 广泛促成终身学习，但当下还未得到普遍应用。技巧分析调整语序根据汉语习惯，应领先说让步条件，所以在翻译时前置了 despite引导的让步短语。ICT can also help to address shortages of qualified teachers and other educational resources by pro

34、viding access across long distances, via online learning platforms. 信息通信技 术还能通过在线学习平台供应远程教育，关心解决合格老师与其他教育资源短缺的问题。技巧分析调整语序根据汉语习惯，方式状语在谓语动词之前或主语之前，所以翻译时前置了 by和via引导 的方式状语。The education challenges raised by advancing technologies affect everyone, so countries should work together to address them，includ

35、ing through exchanges of students and teachers and construction and upgrading of ICT infrastructure.技术的不断进步给教育带来了挑战，这影响到每个人，因此，各国应当通力 合作来应对这些挑战，例如，通过同学和老师的交换工程、信息通信技术基础设施的建设与 升级工程。技巧分析拆分结构+化整为零原文主语 The education challenges raised by advancing technologies 较长，所以翻译时为了 使表达更加符合汉语习惯，将主语拆分出来，单独翻译成一个小句，之后加

36、入“这。和谓 语搭配。Chinese-English Translation2.一百年来，南京高校历经沧桑，校名屡经更迭，校址也一再搬迁，但学校诚朴坚毅、自 强不息的传统精神和严谨求实、勤奋创新的校风在一代又一代南大人身上传承连续，发扬光 大。正是这种优良的传统和校风，将南京高校扎根于中国和世界文明的沃土，形成了南大深 厚的文化底蕴，塑造了南大人恳切朴实、坚毅自强的品行，使学校在百年办学过程中始终保 持青春活力，各项事业不断进展壮大。“诚朴”是南大传统精神中最本色的东西，“诚朴”是恳切朴实的意思，其中“诚”是核 心，是根本。做学问要“诚朴”，就是要有实事求是的科学精神，严谨、勤奋的治学态度，

37、只有这样，才能获得真才实学，才能担负振兴中华的重任。“宏伟”是雄壮而宏大的意思，为人、为学要有远大志向，立志“做得大事工要有崇高 的责任感、使命感，将个人奋斗的目标与国家的进展、人类的进步紧密结合起来。答案：Over the past century, Nanjing University has undergone many vicissitudes and experienced repeated changes in its name and location, but its traditional spirit of honesty, perseverance, self-relia

38、nce and unremitting pursuit of truth and creativity has been passed on from generation to generation and will be carried forward into the future. It is such fine tradition and spirit that allow the university to establish itself in the growth of the Chinese and world civilization, enrich its cultura

39、l heritage and nurture honest, persistent and self-reliant students. Since its establishment over a hundred years ago, Nanjing University has maintained its youthful vigor and made progress in various undertakings.Sincerity is the most original part of the traditional spirit of Nanjing University. I

40、t means honesty, earnestness and simpleness, with honesty being the core and root. Learning with sincerity means seeking truth from facts and being rigorous and diligent in pursuing truth. Only in this way can we make true achievement in learning and shoulder the responsibility of rejuvenating the C

41、hinese nation. Aspiration asks for grandeur and greatness. It urges us to be ambitious in doing big things. Both we teachers and students should have a sense of responsibility and a sense of calling so that we can link our own goals with the needs of the development of our country and the progress o

42、f human civilization. 一百年来，南京高校历经沧桑，校名屡经更迭，校址也一再搬迁，但学校诚朴坚毅、 自强不息的传统精神和严谨求实、勤奋创新的校风在一代又一代南大人身上传承连续，发扬 光大。Over the past century, Nanjing University has undergone many vicissitudes and experienced repeated changes in its name and location, but its traditional spirit of honesty, perseverance, self-relia

43、nce and unremitting pursuit of truth and creativity has been passed on from generation to generation and will be carried forward into the future.技巧分析长句整合+四字格词语翻译原文是典型的汉语长句，由多个短句构成。翻译成英语时需要把这些短句根据肯定的规律 挨次进行整合，经整合后的句子成为并列句。本句另一亮点是汉语四字格词语，如“历经沧 桑”“屡经更迭”“诚朴坚毅” “自强不息”等，翻译时处理为相应的名词或动词词组。.正是这种优良的传统和校风，将南京高校扎根于中国和世界文明的沃土，形成了南大 深厚的文化底蕴，塑造了南大人恳切朴实、坚毅自强的品行，使学校在百年办学过程中始终 保持青春活力,各项事业不断进展壮大。It is such fine tradition and spirit that all