短文改错动词的时态语态

1、2015年二轮专题复习学案短文改错考纲要求与考情分析考纲要求课标卷考试大纲说明明确指出-一语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方而，因为它宜接 或间接地影响到信息的准确传输匚短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇 中的行文逻辑等方而错误的能力。所以，该题型着重要求考生掌握和运用英语的基本知识，并正确运用词 汇、语法、句型结构等方而的知识去纠正一些词法.句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方而错误的小文章。考情分析（近三年新课标1卷短文改错）山东2015年高考，将按照全国新课标卷1卷命题，我们可以通过下表对比进三年来新课标1卷中短 文改错的命题特点来发现这些规律。考总201420

2、132012时态/语态/主谓一致had havepasscsTpasscddidwent 或 did 后加 go： tcar-tore名词year- yearsshoulder shoulderstoy-toys形容词/副词before- ago somewhere everywhere tasted tasty wonderfullv-wonderfulmuch-well/clearlynever-everlittle-less介词byToftoward-to/intoto-for非谓语动词去掉 to (make.do.)冠词As和result之间加a去掉in a fact中的a代词（包括定

3、从和名 从）muchmanyhimself-himit-them; parents 前力口 my： which-what连词/语篇butyet或者去掉butdurine-whenhe前加and情态动词holding-hold（情态动 词used to后加原形）must-could/might固定句型TheyThere(there be)由对新课标（同时参考其他省市高考题）短文改错的研究，可看出，一.命题特点短文改错题一般是一篇约120个单词的短文，通常为记叙文、说明文这两类题材的文章。短文内容贴近髙中生活，是高中生熟悉或经历过的事情。短文结构不复杂，句子浅显易懂，不在阅读上设置障碍。4多以第一

4、人称的口吻描述。5设题方式有三种：错词（3-8个）、漏词（1-2个）、多词（1一2个）二.考点分布必考的考点有：1.谓语动词的时态/语态/主谓一致2.名词3.形容词/副词4.介词常考的考点有：5.代词6.冠词7连词8.非谓语动词抽考的考点有：9情态动词10固宅句型依据考点分布，短文改错学案主要分为天个学案，讲述必考点和常考点。（介词.冠词和连词归为虚词个学案）2015年二轮专题复习学案十八（短文改错谓语动词的时态.语态及主谓一致）考纲要求和考情分析考纲要求考情分析（以新课标为主）1.2012年新课标12. 2013年新课标13.2013年新课标24. 2014年新课标15.2014年新课标2由

5、以上考情可知，掌握短文改错中常考的谓语动词的时态和语态，能够运用所学知识找岀、改正短文改错中的相关错误 2掌握主谓一致，并能够运用所学知识找出、改正短文改错中的相关错误 did-went 或 did 后加 go： tcar-tore （谓语时态）passespassed （谓语时态）becomes今became （谓语时态）had - have （谓语时态）looklooks; sat-sit （主谓一致和谓语时态）近三年，新课标卷主要考査了谓语动词的时态和主谓一致方面。一知识点探究（一）谓语动词的时态概述：英语中，不同时间发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示，这种表示动作或状态发生

6、时间的动词形式称作谓语动词的时态。谓语动词，可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词。英语中时态有十六种，但短文改错中一般主要涉及三种.短文改错中常考时态（1）一般现在时定义：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。标志词：常与时间状语:often, usually, always, every, sometimes 连用。结构：a. be动词：主语+be（am .is ,are）+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：Wc study English我们学习英语。用法：表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

7、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。表示客观现实或普遍貞理。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。如：we will not go out if it rains tomorrow 被动:am / Is / are done例：People grow rice in China -Ricc is grown in China (by people)一般过去时：主动：did -被动：was / were done仅ij： They advised h

8、er to take the medicine. 一She was advised to take the medicine.一般将来时:主动：will/shall/be going to do 一被动:will / shall/be going to be done例： We will take him to the park on Sunday.-He will be taken to the park on Sunday现在进行时：主动:am / is / are doing - 被动:am / is / arc being done例：The workers arc building

9、a (caching buildingA teaching building is being built now.现在完成时：主动：has/Iiave done - 被动：have / has been done例:They have (old me the sports meet might be put off.- Fve been told the sports meet might be put off.过去完成时：主动:had done - 彼动：had been done例： Wc had finished Book 6 by the end of last wcck一Book

10、6 had been finished by the end of last week.情态动词 主动：can/may/must/should/shall/liad better 等+do T被动：can/may/must/should/shall/had better 等+bc done例： Wc should water the flowers oftenThe flowers should be watered often.主语和谓语动词的一致概述：在英语句子中，谓语动词要在人称和数上与主语保持一致，这就是主谓一致，是短文改错中 常见的一个语法考点。谓语动词的第三人称单数变化形式(第三人

11、称对谓语动词的要求)大多数动词在词尾加s：例:stopstops, playplays, makemakes以辅音字母加丁结尾的，要先将V变为“匕 然后在加飞门 例：fly-flies, carry-carries以s,x, ch, sh结尾的，在词尾加es：例：leach(caches, watchwatches以o结尾的动词，力(Fes；例：gogoes, dodoes主谓一致原则：英语中主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致，即单复数形式上的一致。以单数需词或代词、动词不立式短语、动爼词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式：主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：What

12、 I want is freedom.Watching English movies is a good way to learn English.She as well as the other students has learned this method.The number of the students in our class is fifty.由连接词and或both . and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。意义一致，即单复数意义上的一致。what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决泄。书名、片劣

13、、国名、学科（以-ics结尾）等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。“泄冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。例：The United States is a big countyThe old are taken good care of in our country.就近原则，即动词的单复数取决于靠它最近的名词或代词。当两个主语由either. or, neithernor. whether. or.not only . but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主 语一致。此外，there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应

14、 与靠近的那个主语保持一致。例：Neither my schoolmates nor I am for your opinion.典题举例近几年，全国各省市高考短文改错中，对谓语动词的考査，主要集中在三个考点上，即谓语动词的时态.语态以及主谓一致，无论哪个考点，都主要涉及谓语动词的变化形式。此外，还考査谓语动词的缺少和多余。考点一 谓语动词时态的误用涉及动词时态方面的错误，主要以一般现在时与一般过去时之间的混用为主，偶尔也会见到少量其他时态 方面的使用错误。动词时态方面的错误在短文改错中很常见，分析题干时，注意结合句中的时间状语或者 具体语境来判断时态使用是否准确。（2014 新课标 l）Si

15、nce thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.（2014 新课标 2）We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.（2013 新课标 1）1 was only four when she passes away.（2012 制i课标 l）When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my fatlier said,

16、Thats it. No more toys for you （2012 年陕西）My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month.（2011 陕西）Unfortunately, by the time I got back they have finished the scene and the actor couldnt be seen anywhere 考点二谓语动词语态的课用谓语动词语态的误用方面：多是涉及主动语态和被动语态的误用、被动语态形式错误、不及物

17、动词用了被 动。所以在研读题干时，注意谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系，如果是动宾关系，那么就应使用被动语态形式, 对于语态方面的错误，其常见的改法把动词原形或过去式改为过去分词（被动形式用错时）、添加be动 词或其他系动词（无系动词时）、删除be动词或其他系动词（系动词多余时）（2014 陕西）Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain!（2013 新课标 2）Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handle

18、s.考点三主谓一致的误用 主谓一致是短文改错中常见的考点，研读题干时，要找准句子的主语，一次来确定谓语动词的单复数形式, 同时还要注意一些特殊情况。（2014 新课标 2）My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of flowers and trees（2014 辽宁）The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.（2014 四川）Today, I am going to ta

19、lk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.（2013 辽宁）Hark work have made him very ill.（2013 陕西）Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.（2012 年陕西）Whal I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.考点四谓语动词的缺少或多余谓语动词的缺少或多余方面：要求认真分析句子谓语动词，看是否缺

20、少或多余。英语中能够作谓语动词有: 动词的各种时态和语态结构、will/shall/caiVmay等情态动词+动词原形/系表结构、系表结构。对于谓语动 词的缺少或多余方面的错误，其常见的改法是删除be动词或其他动词（动词多余时）、添加be动词（系 动词缺少时）。（2014 全国大纲卷）So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.（2015 考试大纲中样题）Fm sorry but I will be visit my uncle that day.规律总结1谓语动词的时态：浏览全文，泄位文章的主体时态（主要以一般现在时与

21、一般过去时之间的混用为主）； 结合句中的时间状语或者具体语境来判断时态使用是否准确，若不准确，需要变换谓语动词的时态形式。同时要注意句中是否用 了固定句型,如:its since , it will be before., no soonerthan., by the time+句子再加主句，by the end of+时间再加主句，这些句型谓语动词的时态是固龙的。（对应高考展望 中考点一）2谓语动词的语态：在研读题干时，注意谓语动词与主语之间的逻辑关系，如果是动宾关系，那么就应使 用被动语态形式。对于语态方而的错误，其常见的改法是：把动词原形或过去式改为过去分词（被动形式用错时）添加be动词

22、或其他系动词（无系动词时）删除be动词或其他系动词（系动词多余时）（对应高考展望中考点二）3主谓一致：分析题干时，要找准句子的主语，以此来确左谓语动词的单复数形式，同时还需要注意一些 特殊情况。例如：“many a +单数名词作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式more than one +单数名词作 主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。（对应髙考展望中考点三）4谓语动词的缺少或多余：在短文改错中常见到没有谓语动词或谓语动词多余的句子，要认真分析句子结 构，根据句意及结构找出谓语动词，在改正时，需要注意动词时态及单复数形式使用是否正确。如：For the most part, students worki

23、ng to earn money for their own use. （working work： 该句为简单句， 主语students之后应该是谓语）。（并应高考展望中考点四）高考展望依据2015年考试大纲中样题可知，时态和主谓一致将仍是考査重点。在以后复习短文改错的过程中，我们要时刻注意：1谓语动词的时态和主谓一致的错误（考査重点）；谓语动词的语态；3谓语动词的缺少和多余问题。第1、2个问题多是涉及谓语动词的变化形式；第3个问题要认真分析句子结构，根据句意及结构找谓语动词，看是缺少谓语，还是谓语中有多余成分。 考点一动词的时态（2014 甘肃临夏中学高三模拟）Last summer I

24、take a part-time job in the International Camp for children. I have been told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit for it.（2015 青岛高三上学期期末）Last year I winned first prize in the school computer competition.（ 2014 衡水中学高三期末）One of the most challenging experiences that I had s

25、o far is moving to Miami from Paraguay when I was fifteen years old.（ 2013 届太原高三模拟）1 often go to a weekend school. So did many of my classmates（2014 新疆三模）Onc Friday when I thought I will have to spend the weekend alone. I couldift help crying.考点二动词的语态（ 2014-2015 唐山高三期末）Television was being developed

26、 over 80 years ago, influencing our lives ever since.（2014 东北四校联合考试）A couple of weeks later, after the first round I was choosing to be one of the seven finalists.（2014 辽宁实验中学期中）The long-desired winter vacation was arrived in the end.考点三主谓一致问题（2013 河南中原名校期中）Time fly like an arrow.（2014 辽宁沈阳二中期中）The

27、news cover everything that happens to people and their surroundings.（2014 黑龙江大庆期中）Waste gas from cars are causing serious pollution to the air, which do great harm to peoples health（2014 山西忻州一中期中）There was over 1000 students and teachers attending it.（2013郑州高三质检）Being 18 years old mean that we shoul

28、d learn to be independent and that we should be responsible for ourselves考点四谓语动词的缺少或多余（ 20142015 山西大学附中髙三月考）30 minutes past, but no bus came.（2014 甘肃天水一中检测）Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her copy my answers.（ 2014 黑龙江佳木斯调研）In the river there was a big crocodile waiting to welcome me

29、 with its mouth was wide open（2014 云南名校联考）How quickly people get used to culture differences may be depend on the way they learn.（2014 吉林实验中学检测）If you want to be different, yoifd better not to buy clothes on line.拓展练习结合以上考点，综合运用基础知识去发现并纠正错误。1（2015云南昆明一中模拟）In order to improve our English. an English

30、evening is going to held in our school hall .It will start at 7:30 p.m. or end at 10:00 p.m. the next Friday. You will eiijoy English stories at the evening. Some English songs will also be singing. Whats more, some English short plays and poem will be performed, either. In addition Mr. and Mrs. Bro

31、wn from Canada, working in our school, together with liis children, will be invited to our evening： They will give us wonderfully performancesEverybody is welcome to attending the evemiig； We hope all of you can be there on time and will appreciate the perfonnances. We also hope your English will be

32、 greatly improve after tliis evening：2（2014河南省郑州市髙中毕业班第一次质量预测）Mr. Turner turned over in bed from time to time in last night, for he was very excited that he could not fall asleep Yesterday mornings he went to a big gardening company, knowing as Green Fingers, for the interview. Mr. Turner, that like

33、d to help his grandfather grow flowers in the garden, looking forward to the job offered by the company. When he got to the company, he found there were many people waiting there and he had no ideas whether he could get the job. While waiting he helps the workers there to remove the fallen trees and

34、 clear the road. Unluckily, he was the only one who finally got the job, so the manager decided to give the job to whoever he believed was helpful.学案18答案二典题举例1 .had-have 2.sat-sit3.passespassed4.teartore5. visi(visited6.have-had7去掉 were 8.drank-dmnk9ook-lookslO.have-has 11 .go-goes 12.have-has13.wer

35、e-was14.were-was15.should 后加 be 16.去掉 be四高考展望1 .take took, told 前加 been 2.winned-won 3.had-have4.did-do5.will-would6去掉 being7.choosing-chosen&去掉 was9.fly-flicslO.cover-covers11 .areis;do-does12. waswere13neanmeans 14. pastpassed15.asking-asked16去掉mouth后的was17去掉be18去掉第二个to拓展练习：1In order to improve our English. an English evening is going to Aheld in our school hall Il will start atbe7:30 p.m. or end at 10:00 p.m. 2 next Friday. You will eiijoy English stories at the evening. SomeandEnglish songs wil