医学英语专题知识讲座

1、IMMUNOLOGY第1页ImmunologyThe term was coined by Russian biologistIlya Ilyich Mechnikovwho advanced studies on immunology and received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1908lie Metchnikoff, c. 190891班汪玖琳第2页Etymological root of immunology The term immunization, originally derived from the Latin-word immun

2、is was intended to mean exemption from charges and also implied protection from the epidemic. 第3页The important lymphoid organs The important lymphoid organs of the immune system are the thymus and bone marrow, and chief lymphatic tissues such as spleen, tonsils, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, adenoids,

3、 and liver.第4页Primitive immunology orignated in Chinablow the powder of smallpox scabs into peoples noseWorlds First Vaccine90班 王馨琪第5页In the 15th century, this vaccine was introduced to the Middle Eracutaneous injection第6页Mary Wotly Montagu introuduce it to BritainNOT WIDELY ACCETED第7页EDWARD

4、JENNER(1749-1823)1796The first smallpox vaccination第8页1880-Louis Pasteur created the bacillus anthracis attenuated vaccine and rabies vaccine1883-E.Metchnikoff discovered the phagocytosis of white blood cells1890-E.Vonbering discovered diphtheria antitoxiy1894-J.Bordet found complement1901-the term

5、“immunology” first appeared in 1916- first publishedIn the late 19th century,the development of microbiology laid a foundation for the formation of immunology第9页Since the mid-20th century of modern immunology,many new discoveries in immunology have challenged the traditional concept of immunologyFra

6、nk Macfarlane Burnetin 1958, put forward the clone selection theory第10页Louis PasteurScience has no national boundaries, but scholars have their own country90班 刁美娟第11页The main achievementNegative microbes naturally occurThe germ of disease saysPasteurization（巴氏灭菌法）Rabies vaccine（狂犬病疫苗）Double crystal

7、phenomenonPasteurizationRabies vaccine第12页Pasteur institute第13页Medical news转移性肺癌免疫治疗Immunotherapy for metastatic liver cancerMetastatic lung cancer(转移性肺癌)Latest research findingsResearch significance91班赵玉琳，刘兰第14页Metastatic lung cancer转移性肺癌DefinitionTherapeutic methodimmunotherapy第15页Latest research

8、findingsDoctor Mark RubinsteinNew treatment methodExperimental results of a new method of treatment第16页Research significanceIncrease in life spanNew drugs need to be improved before they can be used clinically.第17页 Job Burnout Know the Signs and SymptomsBurnout is a state of physical, emotional and

9、mental exhaustion that has long been exposed to demanding work environments.by刘春香 王成春 第18页The reason of being more prone to burnout Lack a proper balance between work and life.Try to be everything to everyoneA monotonous jobWork in the helping professions第19页Some symptoms of burnoutBe more cynical,c

10、ritical and sarcasticLose the ability to experience joyBecome more irritable and less patientLack the energy to be consistently productiveBe troubled by headaches,neck pain or lower back pain第20页Identify the causesLack of controlUncleaer job expectationsDysfunctional workplace dynamicsMismatch in valuesPoor job fitExtrems of activity第21页Take action Talk to your supervisor or mentorSee your doctor or a mental professionalC