常用数学,物理英语词汇

1、数学:add,plus力口subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项nume

2、ricalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等价方程linearequation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction,commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子den

3、ominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage力口权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幕base乘幕的底数，底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversef

4、unction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，e.g.I-32I=32roundoff四舍五入6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数reaInumbe

5、r;rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15primenumber质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocaI倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common

6、ratio公比数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位，位几何部分所有的角alternateangle内错角corre

7、spondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle夕卜角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直

8、角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline

9、直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弓玄radiu

10、s半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数（e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数）opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex（复数形式vertices）顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abs

11、cissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe夕卜切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的其它1.单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿（20个）Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱

12、gallon力口仑（1gallon=4quart）yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分（角度的度量单位，60分=1度）squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱（干量或液量的单位）物理：absoluteacceleration绝对加速度absoluteerror绝对误差absolutemotion绝对运动absolutetemperature绝对温度absolutevelocity绝对速度absolutezero绝对零度absorption吸收absorptivity吸收率acceleratedmotion加速运动acce

13、lerationofgravity重力加速度acceleration加速度accidentalerror偶然误差acoustics声学actingforce作用力adjustment调节aether以太airpump抽气机airtable气垫桌airtrack气垫导轨alternatingcurrentcircuit交流电路alternatingcurrentgenerator交流发电机alternatingcurrent交流电altimeter测高仪ammeter安培计amperemeter电流计ampere安培Amperesexperiment安培实验Amperesforce安培力Ampe

14、reslaw安培定律amperemeter安培计amplitude振幅angleofrotation自转角，转动角angularacceleration角加速度angulardisplacement角位移angularvelocity角速度anion负离子anisotropy各向异性annihilation湮没anode阳极antenna天线appliedphysics应用物理学Archimedesprinciple阿基米德原理area面积argumentation论证argument辐角astigmatoscope散光镜atomicnucleus原子核atomicphysics原子物理学at

15、omicspectrum原子光谱atomicstructure原子结构atom原子Atwoodsmachine阿特伍德机averagepower平均功率averagevelocity平均速度Avogadroconstant阿伏加德罗常数Avogadrolaw阿伏加德罗定律balance天平ballisticgalvanometer冲击电流计bandspectrum带状谱barometer气压计basicquantity基本量basicunits基本单位batterycharger电池充电器battery,accumulator蓄电池battery电池组beam光束betatron电子感应加速器

16、Bohratommodel玻尔原子模型boilingpoint沸点boiling沸腾bounce反弹boundcharge束缚电荷boundelectron束缚电子branchcircuit支路breakdown击穿brightness亮度buoyancyforce浮力calorifics热学camera照相机capacitance电容capacitor电容器capillarity毛细现象cathoderay阴极射线cathode-raytube阴极射线管cathode阴极cation正离子cell电池Celsiusscale摄氏温标centreofgravity重心centreofmass质

17、心centrifugalforce离心力centripetalacceleration向心加速度centripetalforce向心力chainreaction链式反应chaos混沌characteristicspectrum特征光谱chargedbody带电体chargedparticle带电粒子charge充电circularholediffraction圆孔衍射circularmotion圆周运动classicalmechanics经典力学classicalphysics经典物理学cloudchamber云室coefficientofmaximumstaticfriction最大静摩摩系

18、数coefficientofrestitution恢复系数coefficientofslidingfriction滑动摩擦系数coefficient系数coherentlight相干光源coil线圈collision碰撞componentforce分力componentvelocity分速度compositionofforces力的合成compositionofvelocities速度的合成compression压缩concavelens凹透镜concavemirror凹面镜concurrentforce共点力condensation凝结condenser电容器conductingmedium

19、导电介质conductor导体conservativeforcefield保守力场conservativeforce保守力constantforce恒力constant常量continuousspectrum连续谱convergentlens会聚透镜convexlens凸透镜convexmirror凸面镜coordinatesystem坐标系coplanarforce共面力Corolisforce科里奥利力corpuscularproperty粒子性corpusculartheory微粒说Coulombforce库仑力coulomb库仑Coulombslaw库仑定律counter计数器crea

20、tion产生creepage漏电crest波峰criticalangle临界角criticalresistance临界电阻criticaltemperature临界温度crystal晶体currentdensity电流密度currentelement电流元currentsource电流源currentstrength电流强度curvilinearmotion曲线运动cyclotron回旋加速器dampedvibration阻尼振动damping阻尼Daniellcell丹聂耳电池dataprocessing数据处理data数据decay衰变definitionofampere安培的定义defo

21、cusing散集density密度derivedquantity导出量derivedunit导出单位dielectric电介质diffractionpattern衍射图样diffraction衍射diffusereflection漫反射digitaltimer数字计时器dimensionalexponent量纲指数dimension量纲diode二级管diopter屈光度directcurrent,DC直流directimpact正碰directmeasurement直接测量discharge放电disorder无序dispersion色散displacement位移divergentlens

22、发散透镜Dopplereffect多普勒效应doubleslitdiffraction双缝衍射drivingforce驱动力drycell干电池echo回声eddycurrent涡流effectivevalue有效值elasticbody弹性体elasticforce弹性力elasticity弹性electriccharge电荷electriccircuit电路electriccorona电晕electricenergy电能electricfield电场electricfieldintensity电场强度electricfieldline电场线electricflux电通量electricle

23、akage漏电electricneutrality电中性electricpotential电位，电势electricpotentialdifference电位差，电势差electricpotentialenergy电位能electricpower电功率electricquantity电量electrification起电electrificationbyfriction摩擦起电electrifiedbody带电体electrode电极electrolysis电解electrolyte电解质electromagneticdamping电磁阻尼electromagneticinduction电磁感

24、应electromagneticradiation电磁辐射electromagneticwave电磁波electromagneticwavespectrum电磁波谱electromagnetisminductionphenomenon电磁感应现象electromagnet电磁体electrometer静电计electromotiveforce电动势electron电子electronbeam电子束electroncloud电子云electronmicroscope电子显微镜electronvolt电子伏特electroscope验电器electrostaticequilibrium静电平衡el

25、ectrostaticinduction静电感应electrostaticscreening静电屏蔽elementarycharge基本电荷，元电荷energy能量energylevel能级equilibrium平衡equilibriumcondition平衡条件equilibriumofforces力的平衡equilibriumposition平衡位置equilibriumstate平衡态equivalentsourcetheorem等效电源定理erectimage正像error误差ether以太evaporation蒸发excitation激发excitationstate激发态exper

26、iment实验experimentalphysics实验物理学externalforce外力eyepiece目镜farsight远视Faradaycylinder法拉第圆筒Faradaylawofelectromagneticinduction法拉第电磁感应定律Faradayslawofelectromagneticinduct法拉第电磁感应定律farad法拉（电容的单位）filminterference薄膜干涉finalvelocity末速度firstcosmicvelocity第一宇宙速度fission裂变fixed-axisrotation定轴转动flotationbalance浮力秤f

27、luid流体focallength焦距focusing调焦，聚焦focus焦点force力forcedvibration受迫振动fractal分形freecharge自由电荷freeelectron自由电子freeperiod自由周期freezingpoint凝固点frequency频率frictionforce摩擦力fusion聚变galvanometer电流计gas气体generalphysics普通物理学generator发电机goodconductor良导体gravitation引力gravity重力gravitationalpotentialenergy重力势能gravityfiel

28、d重力场groundearth接地groundstate基态groundwire地线hadron强子halflifeperiod半衰期heat热heattransfer传热henry亨利hertz赫兹（频率的单位）Hookelaw胡克定律humidity湿度hydrogen氢原子hypothesis假设icepoint冰点idealgas理想气体image像imagedistance像距imageheight像高imaging成像imperfectinelasticcollision非完全弹性碰撞impulse冲量incidentangle入射角incidentray入射线indirectme

29、asurement间接测量inducedelectriccurrent感应电流inducedelectricfield感应电场inductioncurrent感应电流inductionelectromotiveforce感应电动势inductionmotor感应电动机inertia惯性inertialforce惯性力inertialsystem惯性系infraredray红外线infrasonicwave次声波initialphase初位相initialvelocity初速度input输入instantaneouspower瞬时功率instantaneousvelocity瞬时速度instru

30、ment仪器insulatedconductor绝缘导体insulatingmedium绝缘介质insulator绝缘体intensityofsound声强interference干涉interferencefringe干涉条纹interferencepattern干涉图样interferometer干涉仪internalenergy内能internalforce内力internalresistance内阻intonation声调invertedimage倒像invisiblelight不可见光ionbeam离子束ionization电离irreversibleprocess不可逆过程isob

31、aricprocess等压过程isobar等压线isochoricprocess等体积过程isothermal等温线isothermalprocess等温过程isotope同位素isotropy各向同性joule焦耳(功的单位)Jouleheat焦耳热Joulelaw焦耳定律Joulelaw焦耳定律Keplerlaw开普勒定律kinematics运动学kineticenergy动能Laplacesequation拉普拉斯方程laser激光，激光器law定律lawofconservationofangularmomentum角动量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy能量守恒

32、定律lawofconservationofmass质量守恒定律lawofconservationofmechanicalenergy机械能守恒定律lawofconservationofmomentum动量守恒定律lawofelectricchargeconservation电荷守恒定律LeSystemeIntenationaldUnites国际单位制(SI)lead导线length长度lens透镜lensformula透镜公式Lenzslaw楞次定律lepton轻子Lightray光线lightsource光源lightwave光波lightningrod避雷针light光linespectr

33、um线状谱linesofcurrent电流线linesofforceofelectricfield电力线liquefaction液化liquefactionpoint液化点liquid液体longitudinalwave纵波loop回路Lorentzforce洛仑兹力luminousintensity发光强度magneticfield磁场magneticfieldintensity磁场强度magneticfieldline磁场线magneticinductionflux磁感应通量magneticinduction磁感应强度magneticinductionline磁感应线magneticmat

34、erial磁性材料magneticneedle磁针magneticpole磁极magnetics磁学magnetism磁学magnetization磁化magnet磁体magnification放大率magnifier放大镜，放大器manometer流体压强计mass质量massdefect质量亏损mass-energyequation质能方程matter物质matterwave物质波Maxwellsequations麦克斯韦方程组meanspeed平均速率meanvelocity平均速度measurement测量mechanicalenergy机械能mechanicalmotion机械运动m

35、echanicalvibration机械振动mechanics力学medium介质meltingfusion熔化meltingpoint熔点metrerule米尺microdetector灵敏电流计micrometercaliper螺旋测微器microscope显微镜microscopicparticle微观粒子mirrorreflection镜面反射mirror镜mixedunitsystem混合单位制modernphysics现代物理学molarvolume摩尔体积molecularspectrum分子光谱molecularstructure分子结构momentofforce力矩momen

36、tumofelectromagneticfield电磁场的动量momentum动量motor电动机multimeter多用电表musicalquality音色Npole北极naturalfrequency固有频率naturallight自然光negativecharge负电荷negativecrystal负晶体negativeion负离子negativeplate负极板network网络neutralization中和neutron中子newton牛顿（力的单位）Newtonfirstlaw牛顿第一定律Newtonsecondlaw牛顿第二定律Newtonthirdlaw牛顿第三定律noneq

37、uilibriumstate非平衡态northpole北极nucleusforce核力nucleusofcondensation凝结核object物objectdistance物距objectheight物高objective物镜observation观察Oerstedsexperiment奥斯特实验ohm欧姆Ohmlaw欧姆定律ohmmeter欧姆计Ohmslaw欧姆定律opencircuit开路opticalbench光具座opticalcentreoflens透镜光心opticalfiber光导纤维opticalglass光学玻璃opticalinstrument光学仪器opticall

38、ever光杠杆opticalpathdifference光程差opticalpath光程（路）opticallydensermedium光密介质opticallythinnermedium光疏介质optics光学orbit轨道order有序oscillograph示波器output输出overweight超重parallelconnectionofcondensers电容器的并联parallelogramrule平行四边形定律parallel-resonancecircuit并联谐振电路parameter参量particle质点，粒子Pascallaw帕斯卡定律path路程peak峰值pend

39、ulum摆penumbra半影perfectconductor理想导体perfectelasticcollision完全弹性碰撞perfectinelasticcollision完全非弹性碰撞periodicity周期性period周期periscope潜望镜permanentmagnet永磁体permittivityofvacuum真空介电常数permittivity电容率phase位相phenomenon现象photocurrent光电流photoelectriccell光电管photoelectriceffect光电效应photoelectron光电子photography照相术phot

40、on光子physicalbalance物理天平physicalquantity物理量physics物理学piezometer压强计pitch音调Planckconstant普朗克常量plasma等离子体pointcharge点电荷polarization偏振polarizedlight偏振光polycrystal多晶体poorconductor不良导体positivecharge正电荷positivecrystal正晶体positiveion正离子positiveplate正极板positron正电子potentialenergy势能potentiometer电位差计power功率pressu

41、re压强，压力primarycoil原线圈principleofconstancyoflightvelocity光速不变原理prism棱镜projectile抛体projectilemotion抛体运动projector投影仪proton质子pulley滑轮pulleyblock滑轮组quantityofheat热量quantization量子化quantum量子quantummechanics量子力学quantumnumber量子数radar雷达radioactivesource放射源radiusofgyration回旋半径randommotion无规则运动range量程ratedvolta

42、ge额定电压reactingforce反作用力realimage实像realobject实物reasoning推理recoil反冲rectilinearmotion直线运动referenceframe参考系，坐标系referencesystem参考系reflectedangle反射角reflectedray反射线reflectioncoefficient反射系数reflectionlaw反射定律reflectivity反射率refractedangle折射角refractedray折射线refractionlaw折射定律refractioncoefficient折射系数refractivein

43、dex折射率relativeacceleration相对加速度relativeerror相对误差relativemotion相对运动relativevelocity相对速度relativity相对论resistance电阻resistancebox电阻箱resistivity电阻率resistor电阻器resolutionofforce力的分解resolutionofvelocity速度的分解resonance共振，共鸣resonantfrequency共振频率resultantforce合力resultantvelocity合速度reversibilityofopticalpath光路可逆性

44、reversibleprocess可逆过程rheostat变阻器right-handscrewrule右手螺旋定则rocker火箭rotatingmagneticfield旋转磁场rotation自转，转动Rutherfordscattering卢瑟福散射Rutherforda-particlescatteringexperiment卢瑟福a散射实验Spole南极saturation饱和scalar标量scalarfield标量场scanner扫描器secondcosmicvelocity第二宇宙速度selectiveabsorption选择吸收self-inducedelectromotiv

45、eforce自感电动势self-inductance自感self-inductionphenomenon自感系数semiconductor半导体semi-transparentfilm半透膜sensitivegalvanometer灵敏电流计sensitivity灵敏度sensitometer感光计sensor传感器seriesconnectionofcondensers电容器的串联series-resonancecircuit串联谐振电路shortcircuit短路shortsight近视shuntresistor分流电阻significantfigure有效数字simpleharmonic

46、motion(SHM)简谐运动simpleharmonicwave简谐波simplependulum单摆singlecrystal(monocrystal)单晶体singleslitdiffraction单缝衍射sinusoidalalternatingcurrent简谐交流电sinusoidalcurrent正弦式电流slidingfriction滑动摩擦slit狭缝solarcell太阳能电池solenoid螺线管solidification凝固solidifyingpoint凝固点solid固体solution溶液solvation溶解sonar声纳soundsource声源soundv

47、elocity声速soundwave声波sound声音source电源southpole南极space空间sparkdischarge火花放电specialrelativity狭义相对论specificheatcapacity比热容spectacles眼镜spectralanalysis光谱分析spectralline光谱线spectrograph摄谱仪spectrography摄谱学spectroscopy光谱学spectrum光谱speed速率sphericalmirror球面镜spontaneousradiation自发辐射springbalance弹簧秤stability稳定性stab

48、ilizedcurrentsupply稳流电源stabilizedvoltagesupply稳压电源standardatmosphericpressure标准大气压standardcell标准电池standingwave驻波staticfriction静摩擦stationarystate定态steadycurrent恒定电流steadycurrentsource恒流源steadyvoltagesource恒压源steampoint汽点stiffness劲度系数stimulatedradiation受激辐射stopwatch停表sublimation升华superconductivity超导电性superconductor超导体superpositionprincipleofelectricfield电场强度叠加原理superpositiontheorem叠加定律supersaturation过度饱和supersonic