日本铁路公司JR简介

1、日本铁路 企业JR1/21目录1企业介绍2企业特点3值得中国学习细节4特色列车介绍2/21一、日本铁路企业介绍日本铁路企业Japan Railways是日本大型铁路企业集团，其前身为日本国有铁道（简称“国铁”，惯用缩写名称为“JNR”）。日本国铁于1987年分割为七间企业，并将原本国有经营权移转为民营（国铁分割民营化），其所分离而出各企业即合称为“日本铁路企业”。日本铁路企业有时会译为日本旅客铁道，然而日本铁路企业中也有货运铁道企业。在强调其整体场所，也会称为日本铁路企业集团（JR）。日本铁路企业各企业除了经营普通铁路线(在来线)与新干线外，亦经营普通巴士、高速巴士与其它从属事业;另外还有由各

2、企业共同出资经营财团法人铁道技术综合研究所和铁道情报系统株式会社。1Japan Railways is a large railway company in Japan, formerly known as the national railway, or JNR, commonly abbreviated as national railway. Japan wang is divided into seven companies in 1987, and the original state of management rights transfer for private (wang)

3、privatization, its separation from the company that is referred to as the Japan railway company. Japanese railway companies sometimes translate into Japanese passenger trains, but Japanese railways also have freight railways.In the emphasis on the overall situation, also known as Japan railway compa

4、ny group (JR ).In addition to the general railway line (line) and Shinkansen, the Japanese railway companies also operate general buses, high-speed buses and other ancillary undertakings.In addition, there are the comprehensive research institute of railway technology and railway information system

5、corporation jointly funded by the companies.3/212.基本信息企业名称：日本旅客铁道企业集团外文名称：JapanRailways/JR总部地点：日本成立时间：1987年4月1日经营范围：日本本土旅客、货运铁道服务和其它4/213.企业发展历程日本铁路企业原为国有企业日本国有铁道因为经营不善，营收赤字经过多年累积，长久负债已达数十兆日圆，致使日本政府开始研拟将其分割、企业化与民营化，以改进经营情况。Becauseofitspoormanagement,therevenuedeficitoftheJapanRailwayCorporation,whic

6、hwasastate-ownedenterprise,hasaccumulatedformanyyears,anditslong-termdebthasreachedtensoftrillionyen.Asaresult,theJapanesegovernmentbegantodevelopaplantodivide,corporatize,andprivatizeit.Toimprovebusinessconditions.5/213.2 企业发展历程1987年4月1日，日本国有铁道依照日本国会所经过国有铁道改革法，分割为七个各自独立特殊法人包含六间铁路客运企业与一间铁路货运企业。最初依同一

7、法律成立，依旧保有七间企业全部股份特殊法人“日本国有铁道清算事业团”（1998年解散）之后逐步释出所持有股份，各企业也渐次上市，以实现民营化目标。当前JR四家旅客铁道企业（JR东日本、JR东海、JR西日本、JR九州）因营运情况较佳，已经达成全方面民营化目标，其它企业则因仍需国家补助，仍由日本政府持有全部或多数股份。OnApril1,1987,Japansstate-ownedrailwaywasdividedintosevenseparatespeciallegalentities,includingsixrailwaypassengertransportcompaniesandonerail

8、wayfreightcompany,inaccordancewiththeNationalRailwayReformLawpassedbytheJapaneseParliament.Thespeciallegalperson,theJapanState-ownedRailwayliquidationAgency,whichwasoriginallyestablishedunderthesamelawandstillretainsallthesharesofthesevencompanies,graduallyreleaseditssharesafteritwasdissolvedin1998,

9、andgraduallylistedthecompaniesinordertorealizethegoalofprivatization.Atpresent,fourJRpassengerrailwaycompanies,JREastJapan,JREastJapan,JrWestJapan,JRKyushu)havereachedthegoaloffullprivatizationbecauseoftheirbetteroperatingconditions,whileothercompaniesstillneedstatesubsidies.Itisstillwhollyormajorit

10、yownedbytheJapanesegovernment.6/214.企业组员当前除了负责货运服务JR货物仍为全国性经营外，各客运企业大致上皆有固定管辖地域范围，彼此之间保持着既竞争又合作关系。JR各企业除了经营普通铁路线在来线与新干线外，亦经营普通巴士、高速巴士与其它从属事业；另外还有由各企业共同出资经营“财团法人铁道技术综合研究所”和“铁道资讯系统株式会社”Atpresent,exceptfortheJRcargo,whichisresponsibleforfreightservice,thepassengertransportcompanieshaveafixedjurisdictio

11、nandmaintainacompetitiveandcooperativerelationshipwitheachother.Inadditiontooperatinggeneralraillinesandnewtrunklines,Jrcompaniesalsooperateregularbuses,highspeedbusesandotherancillaryundertakings;Inaddition,thereistheFinancialCorporationRailwayTechnologyComprehensiveResearchInstituteandtheRailwayIn

12、formationsystemCo.,Ltd.,whicharejointlyfundedandoperatedbyvariouscompanies.7/21业务分类企业名称标志及颜色服务范围旅客客运北海道旅客铁道企业浅绿色北海道东日本旅客铁道企业绿色东北地方 关东地方 甲信越地方东海旅客铁道企业橙色东海地方西日本旅客铁道企业蓝色北陆地方 关西地方 中国地方四国旅客铁道企业浅蓝色四国地方九州旅客铁道企业红色九州地方货物运输日本货物铁道企业灰蓝色日本全国技术研发日本铁道总合技术研究所紫色通讯日本铁道资讯系统暗红色日本铁路企业各部分介绍8/21二、铁路企业特点1.覆盖全国 . Coverage o

13、f the whole countryJNR企业铁路覆盖面积广，几乎覆盖了日本四个岛各个角落。形成了一个错综复杂铁路关系网JNR railway covers a wide area, covering almost every corner of Japans four islands. Formed a complex network of railway relations2.班次数量多 A large number of shifts据统计，该企业天天大约有0个班次列车在日本运行JNR railway covers a wide area, covering almost every

14、corner of Japans four islands. Formed a complex network of railway relations.3.守时 punctuality日本铁路以按时这一特点闻名于世界，曾在5月11日晨，该企业一列列车7时11分35秒开启，比原定发车时间提前25秒。事后企业申明说：“给我们乘客带来巨大不便，真是不可原谅。”4.先进、快速 安全 Advanced, fast safety该企业以中国成田特快列车，在成田机场到东京站只要53分钟。日本铁路技术近年来飞速发展，不停研发提升运行速度The company takes only 53 minutes fr

15、om Narita Airport to Narita station in Tokyo.Japanese railway technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and has been developing continuously to improve the speed of operation.5.舒适 Comfortable日本铁路当代化、整齐、完善设施，车站和服务配置都是较为舒适The modern, clean and perfect facilities, stations and service facilitie

16、s of the Japanese railway are more comfortable.9/21首先 我国轨道交通大多都是各站停车，效率非常低下。而日本电车则有急行跟缓行，以京王线和中央总武线为例。First of all, rail transit in China is mostly parking stations, the efficiency is very low. The Japanese trams have followed the slow, with the king of Beijing and the Central military Line as an ex

17、ample.京王线依据停靠站不一样分为：The Jingwang Line is divided into two categories according to the station:各站停车（处处能够停车）Stop at every station. You can stop everywhere.快速（跳掉一些小站）Quick (skip some small stations)急行（跳掉更多小站）Rush (skip more small stations)区间急行（在某个范围内跳掉更多小站）Interval rush (jump more small stations within

18、 a range)准特急（只停较大站）Quasi express (only for larger stations)特急（只停大站）Express (stop station only)10/21各站停车 Stop at all stations快速fast通勤劳速（只有在工作日运行，停上班族较多站）Fast commuting (only on weekdays, with more commuters)中央特快（只停大站）Central Express (stop at main Station only)通勤特快 Commuter express青梅特快 Green plum expr

19、ess跟大多只有各站停车我国地铁比起来，日本在电车运行方面优势可见一斑。Japans advantages in tram operation are evident in comparison with Chinas subway, which mostly stops at various stations.中央总武线则依据停靠站不一样分为：On the other hand, the Central Arms Line is divided into two groups according to the stations of call:11/21 三、日本铁路值得中国学习细节 Det

20、ails of Japanese Railways worth learning from China1.空调air-conditioning日当地铁车厢能够依据车里人数来调整空调温度，确保：如夏天，车内不会过冷或过热。永远在一个相对舒适温度。The Japanese subway car can adjust the temperature of the air conditioner according to the number of people in the car, so as to ensure that, in the summer, it will not be too co

21、ld or overheated in the car. Always at a relatively comfortable temperature.12/21具了解是因为在车厢底部放置了一个类似称体重零部件，再依据日本人平均体重，与车厢当前重量依据公式换算出车厢人数（误差好像在2-3人左右），再依据人发烧量，计算出车厢舒适温度。所以在日当地铁车厢里，不论只有一个人，还是一堆人，你感受到温度都不会有太大改变（也就是不会因为人少而以为冷，人多而以为热）。It is because a similar weight - like component is placed at the bottom

22、 of the car, and the average weight of the Japanese is converted to the number of carriages according to the current weight of the carriage (the error seems to be about 2-3), and then the comfort temperature of the car is calculated according to the heat quantity of the person, so in the Japanese su

23、bway car, no matter only one. A person or a group of people, you feel the temperature will not change much (that is, not because of the lack of people and feel cold, many people feel hot).13/212.大型行李存放处 Large luggage store一个小细节，这是京都车站去机场特急列车。放行李地方，横着栏杆能够抬起来，放进行李后落下，挡住行李箱预防滑动。A little detail. This is

24、 the express train from Kyoto station to the airport. Where luggage is stored, the horizontal railings can be lifted and dropped into the luggage to block the suitcase from sliding.14/213.出站口 Exit port请输入小标题另外就是车站没有各种乱拉红色横幅和粗暴制作广告，看着赏心悦目，醒目度也高。In addition, the station does not have a variety of red

25、banners and rough-made advertisement, looking at the eye-pleasing, eye-catching high.（日本）（中国）15/21日本盒饭日本盒饭日本盒饭4.日本盒饭16/21中国盒饭中国盒饭中国盒饭17/21四、特色列车: “七星in九州”豪华卧铺列车 Luxury sleeper train seven stars in Kyushu除此之外，列车上还有现场钢琴演奏酒吧以及14间不一样格调套房，每间客房都设有空调以及独立卫浴设备。In addition, there are live piano bars and 14 suites with different styles on the train, and each guest room is equipped with air conditioning and independent bathroom facilities.内饰采取大量宝贵木材及全手工拼装，耗资约30亿日元。The interior decoration is made of a large number of precious wood and assembled by hand at a co