猪营养体系培训课件

1、 猪营养体系 Swine Nutrition System正大集团饲料技术线 Feed Technology Function Line China Area猪营养体系第1页猪营养体系第2页营 养 学 真 意The Reality of Nutrition 产 出 = ( 遗 传+ 环 境+ 营 养 ) * 管 理P = ( G + E + N ) * M猪营养体系第3页猪营养体系Swine Nutrition Systems母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition System 乳猪营养体系 Baby Pig Nutrition System 育肥猪营养体系 Grow / finish Nu

2、trition System猪营养体系第4页母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition System揭示当代母猪妊娠和泌乳营养需要量Understand the nutritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation了解不一样胎次营养需求差异Understand potential parity differences评价后续繁殖性能Must evaluate subsequent reproductive performance猪营养体系第5页产仔更多（12.5头活仔）Larger litter size (12.5 bo

3、rn alive)高产奶量和仔猪窝增重（2.5-3.5 kg/d）Higher milk yield and greater litter growth rate (2.5 3.5 kg/d)成年体型更大Greater mature body size体组成改变（脂肪少、瘦肉多）Change in body composition - less fat, more lean 食欲降低 Reduced appetite当代种母畜与20-30年前相比差异很大：Breeding female of today is very different than her counterpart of 20-

4、30 years ago:猪营养体系第6页合理初生重High birth weight妊娠目标Goals Gestation猪营养体系第7页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt妊娠目标Goals Gestation猪营养体系第8页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt妊娠目标Goals Gestation妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率到达85-90%且体正常T

5、he goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-90% of the gestating sows in “normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation猪营养体系第9页体况评分Body Condition Score15432过瘦Thin正常Normal过肥Fat猪营养体系第10页猪营养体系第11页猪营养体系第12页猪营养体系第13页控制能量摄入 Control Energy Intake饲喂量不足会造成:Under Feeding Causes:降低仔猪初生重Decrease

6、in pig birth weight断奶前死亡PWM降低泌乳量Decrease milk production影响繁殖性能Poor reproductive performance猪营养体系第14页猪营养体系第15页猪营养体系第16页控制能量摄入Control Energy Intake过量采食会造成：Over Feeding Causes:增加无须要花费Unnecessary expense增加死胎率Increases embryonic mortality影响乳腺发育Reduces mammary development增加母猪死亡率和淘汰率Increase sow mortality

7、and culling rate降低泌乳期采食Reduces lactation feed intake 猪营养体系第17页妊娠期 Gestation 猪营养体系第18页妊娠期 Gestation 猪营养体系第19页妊娠期 Gestation 猪营养体系第20页妊娠期 Gestation 猪营养体系第21页母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition System了解不一样胎次营养需求差异Understand potential parity differences猪营养体系第22页初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals猪营养体系第23页初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt

8、Goals体重到达135-150 kgWeight at breeding 135 150 kg猪营养体系第24页分娩3胎以上产仔总数与母猪配种体重关系Total born over 3 parities according to breeding weight Source: Williams et al, 第一次配种体重分娩3胎以上总仔猪数猪营养体系第25页分娩3胎以上产仔总数与母猪配种体重关系Total born over 3 parities according to breeding weight Source: Williams et al, 第一次配种体重分娩3胎以上总仔猪数猪营

9、养体系第26页初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals体重到达135-150 kgWeight at breeding 135 150 kg第2或第3次发情统计2nd or 3rd recorded estrus猪营养体系第27页初产母猪繁育目标Breeding Gilt Goals体重到达135-150 kgWeight at breeding 135 150 kg第2或第3次发情统计2nd or 3rd recorded estrus12.5头总产仔数12.5 total born猪营养体系第28页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况S

10、ow feeding in gestation affects birth wt好母猪管理最大程度地发挥仔猪生产性能 Maximize performance of piglets on the sow 猪营养体系第29页出生重、断奶前日增重与断奶体重关系 （25日龄断奶） Birth Weight, Preweaning ADG, and Weaning Weight (25d)出生重 （千克）断奶重 （千克）断奶前平均日增重 （克）猪营养体系第30页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况Sow feeding in gestation affects

11、birth wt好母猪管理最大程度地发挥仔猪生产性能 Maximize performance of piglets on the sow 初生重提升能够提升断奶仔猪存活率和体重Increased birth weight improves in crate survivability and weaning weights猪营养体系第31页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况 Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt揭示当代母猪妊娠和泌乳营养需要量 Understand the nutritional need

12、s of modern sows during gestation and lactation胚胎生长需要 Growth of fetus and associated tissues猪营养体系第32页胎儿蛋白沉积 Fetal Protein AccretionMcPherson et al., 猪营养体系第33页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况 Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt揭示当代母猪妊娠和泌乳营养需要量 Understand the nutritional needs of modern so

13、ws during gestation and lactation胚胎生长需要 Growth of fetus and associated tissues乳腺组织生长需要 Mammary tissue猪营养体系第34页乳腺蛋白沉积 Protein in Mammary GlandJi, Protein, g/glandDays of Gestation猪营养体系第35页合理初生重High birth weight怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况 Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt揭示当代母猪妊娠和泌乳营养需要量 Understand the n

14、utritional needs of modern sows during gestation and lactation胚胎生长需要 Growth of fetus and associated tissues乳腺组织生长需要 Mammary tissue头胎母猪维持与生长 Maintenance and growth in case of gilts猪营养体系第36页采食量最关键Feed intake is the key猪营养体系第37页妊娠期饲喂方案Gestation Options. 妊娠早期和后期饲喂不一样量同种日粮One diet fed a different amounts

15、 in early and late gestation. 猪营养体系第38页同种妊娠日粮One Gestation Diet妊娠早期和中期Early and Mid Gestation (Day 0 85) 1.8 2.0 kg/d 妊娠后期Late Gestation (Day 86 114) 2.4 3.0 kg/d猪营养体系第39页妊娠期饲喂方案Gestation Options. 妊娠早期和后期饲喂不一样量同种日粮One diet fed a different amounts in early and late gestation. 饲喂两种日粮Two different diet

16、s 猪营养体系第40页关键点REMEMBER 不一样胎次采食不一样 There are differences in NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT by parity妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率到达85-90%且体况正常The goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-90% of the gestating sows in “normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation猪营养体系第41页关键点REMEMBER 不一样胎次采食不一样 There are diffe

17、rences in NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT by parity妊娠目标为第5周母猪妊娠率到达85-90%且体况正常The goal of an effective gestation feeding program is to have 85-90% of the gestating sows in “normal condition by 5 weeks of gestation采食量最关键Feed intake is the key猪营养体系第42页猪营养体系第43页发挥乳猪生长潜力Maximize baby pig growth potential合理初生重 Hi

18、gh birth weight仔猪生产性能始于母猪喂养 Piglet performance starts with sow feeding gestation and lactation好母猪管理最大程度地发挥仔猪生产性能 Maximize performance of piglets on the sow What is baby pig growth potential.?猪营养体系第44页断奶前平均日增重, 克/天ADG before weaningD2 体重Kg BWt D2日增重 g/dADG d2-21 g/dD21 断奶重D21 weaning wt1.51905.11.522

19、05.71.52506.21.52806.81.53107.4猪营养体系第45页乳猪生长潜力Growth Potential of Baby PigsArtificial rearing real genetic growth potential猪营养体系第46页哺乳杯 Milk feeding Cups 保温栏Milk Feeding Pen 猪营养体系第47页新生仔猪人工喂养生长潜力Potential Growth Rate of NeonatalPigs Using Artificial RearingCV 14% (n = 16)Boyd et al., 1995Average Gro

20、wth Rate, g/dMilk kg/d 10.8 15.3 18.4 19.4 22.2 26.0猪营养体系第48页母猪日产奶量与断奶前乳猪平均日增重关系Sow Daily Milk Production & Preweaning Daily Gain断奶前平均日增重 （克）母 猪 日 产 奶 量 （千克/ 天）Standardized 10 pigs per litterWhat is reasonable expectation for milk production.?猪营养体系第49页不一样母猪哺乳期性能Differences in Pig Growth Rate and Mil

21、k Production Estimates for Prolific SowsPiglet ADG, g/pig/d 256 234 248 287 311Standardized 10 pigs per litterWhat are the keys to lactation success.?猪营养体系第50页泌乳期成功关键 Lactation Keys to Success进入分娩房时母猪体重和身体状态适当Proper size and condition entering farrowing house采食量!FEED INTAKE!真正自由采食“True ad libitum” f

22、eeding猪营养体系第51页猪营养体系第52页猪营养体系第53页INTK Feeder猪营养体系第54页饲喂系统对泌乳母猪性能影响Effect of system of feeding on performance of lactating sowsPeng, J.J., S.A. Somes, and D.W. Rozeboom. J. Anim. Sci. , 85:853-860人工HF自由采食 Self-fed母猪数 No. of sows5757平均胎次 Average Parity2.702.77采食量 Total Feed Intake, kg114124日采食量 ADFI,

23、kg5.45.9猪营养体系第55页泌乳期成功关键 Lactation Keys to Success进入分娩房时母猪体重和身体状态适当Proper size and condition entering farrowing house采食量!FEED INTAKE!真正自由采食“True ad libitum” feeding明确营养需要Knowing Nutrient Needs猪营养体系第56页试验目标Objectives研究实际生产条件下初产母猪泌乳期赖氨酸需要To evaluate the optimum lysine level for lactating gilts under c

24、ommercial research conditions.Lys req.?猪营养体系第57页材料与方法 Materials and Methods 初产母猪 263 PIC (Camborough 22) 1st parity gilts 5 种饲料 Allocated to 5 dietary treatments in CRD 0.95 % Lysine 1.05 % Lysine 1.15 % Lysine 1.25 % Lysine 1.35 % Lysine每个处理50-55头母猪 Each treatment had 50-55 sows试验期 16-22天 Sows were

25、 on test for 16-22 days猪营养体系第58页日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量影响Effect of dietary lysine intake on ADFITrt effect P = 0.23, SEM = 0.16Average feed intake猪营养体系第59页初产母猪20天泌乳期平均日采食量ADFI (g/d) during 20 d lactation in P1 sowsGilts.!猪营养体系第60页初产母猪28天泌乳期平均日采食量Projected ADFI (g/d) during 28 d lactation in P1 sows猪营养体系第61页关键点R

26、EMEMBER 不一样胎次采食不一样 There are differences in feed intake by parity第一胎母猪采食会少0.5-2.0 kg/d Parity 1 females consume 0.5 to 2.0 kg/d less猪营养体系第62页日粮赖氨酸水平对采食量影响Effect of dietary lysine intake on ADFITrt effect P = 0.23, SEM = 0.16Average feed intake猪营养体系第63页日粮赖氨酸对仔猪日增重影响Effect of lys intake on piglet ADG

27、(g/d)Trt P 0.02, Linear P 0.01; SEM = 7.84猪营养体系第64页日粮赖氨酸对仔猪日增重影响Effect of lys intake on piglet ADG (g/d)Trt P 0.02, Linear P 10 %0 -10 %体重增加 Gained Wt断奶至发情间隔Weaned to Estrus Interval (d)7.42a5.52b4.66c断奶后7天配种率Sows bred by day 7 (%)64.5a87.9b92.6b出生仔猪数 Total Born11.8a12.83b13.04babcMeans within a row

28、 without a common superscript differ (P .05)Summary of 577 sows commercial unit猪营养体系第68页日粮赖氨酸水平对初产母猪和仔猪影响Effect of Dietary Lysine on P1 Sow and Litter Performance总赖氨酸 Total Lysine, %0.951.051.151.251.35采食量 kg/d ADFI, kg/d5.425.705.665.415.66赖氨酸射入量 Lysine intake, (g/d)53.558.964.365.270.0母猪体重改变 Sow B

29、Wt change (kg)4.45.14.24.75.5断奶数 Pigs weaned / litter9.19.39.29.19.2日增重 ADG (g/d)262265273281288断奶重 Pig weaning wt (kg)6.26.26.46.56.7断奶窝重 Litter weaning wt (kg)56.457.758.959.161.6Data represents 52 to 54 sows/treatment.What is 500 grams increase in wean wt worth.?猪营养体系第69页断奶重越大断奶后生长速度越快0.1 kg at w

30、eaning = a saving of 1/2 - 1 day at slaughterCan you tell 100 g difference in weaning wt.?Can you track 1 day earlier to slaughter.?猪营养体系第70页断奶重猪营养体系第71页猪营养体系第72页猪营养体系Swine Nutrition Systems母猪营养体系 Sow Nutrition System 乳猪营养体系 Baby Pig Nutrition System 猪营养体系第73页断奶后第一周生长情况对上市日龄影响ADG first week post wea

31、ning 断奶后第一周内平均日增重(g) ADG first week post weaning Pollmann （1993)猪营养体系第74页断奶后第一周生长情况对上市日龄影响ADG first week post weaning 断奶后第一周内平均日增重(g) ADG first week post weaning Pollmann （1993)猪营养体系第75页好开始Better Start Faster Finish平均而言，断奶体重每增加1kg可缩短出栏时间4-5天On average each 1 kg extra gain within 3 weeks post weaning

32、 reduced days to mkt by 4 5 days猪营养体系第76页断奶仔猪生理缺点Physiological challenges to weaning the baby pig小肠结构完整性 Undeveloped small intestine酶系发育不完善 Enzyme production is immature猪营养体系第77页断奶仔猪乳糖酶Enzyme Development猪营养体系第78页断奶仔猪生理缺点Physiological challenges to weaning the baby pig小肠结构完整性 Undeveloped small intest

33、ine酶系发育不完善 Enzyme production is immature产酸能力低 Acid production is immature免疫机能不健全 Immune system is not fully developed猪营养体系第79页断奶仔猪免疫力Immune System Development猪营养体系第80页断奶早期 Starter Program挑战 Challenges从母乳到干饲料 Transition from sows milk to dry feed断奶早 Weaning age健康 / 管理 Health / Management环境,病原,饲料改变等 E

34、nvironmental stress, pathogen exposure, abrupt change in diet composition and physical state采食量降低造成增重慢 Experience reduced wt gains due to reduced feed intake猪营养体系第81页高档乳猪料Criteria of Premium Baby Pig Feed提升后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake抗拉稀 Minimize diarrhea降低断奶应激 Reduce stress of weaning猪营

35、养体系第82页采食量最关键Feed intake is the key猪营养体系第83页采食量最关键Feed intake is the key提升后期生长 Growth performanceTouchette al., 1997猪营养体系第84页特殊原料与原料品质Special Ingredients & Ingredient Quality猪营养体系第85页特殊原料与原料品质Special Ingredients & Ingredient Quality猪营养体系第86页 极好原料 Excellent ingredient for baby pigs适口性好 Palatable易消化 H

36、ighly digestible乳糖含量高 High lactose content断奶仔猪料中乳清粉使用Dried Whey in Pig Starter Diets猪营养体系第87页断奶仔猪乳糖酶Enzyme Development猪营养体系第88页日采食量ADFILactose Effect ADFI g/d Quadratic P 0.05; SEM = 13Increasing Lactose, %LowHigh猪营养体系第89页日增重ADGLactose Effect ADG g/d Linear P 0.01; SEM = 13LowHighIncreasing Lactose,

37、 %猪营养体系第90页乳清粉含量影响1-2周性能ADFI, ADG, 2 wks post weaning with or without Lactose (g/d) (克/天)5.3 Kg Weaning BWt猪营养体系第91页乳清粉含量影响后期3周性能ADFI, ADG, wk 3 post weaning with or without Lactose (g/d) (克/天)Three diets 0, 9, 18% Dried Whey first 2 weeks post weaning common diet week 3猪营养体系第92页高档乳猪料Criteria of pre

38、mium baby pig feed提升后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake猪营养体系第93页饲料采食量好Feed Intake适口性好 Palatability猪营养体系第94页AB适口性猪营养体系第95页猪营养体系第96页猪营养体系第97页猪营养体系第98页适口性试验照片猪营养体系第99页仔猪哄抢正大代乳宝正大代乳宝猪营养体系第100页高档乳猪料Criteria of premium baby pig feed提升后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake抗拉稀 Minimize diarrhea猪营养体系第

39、101页断奶仔猪料中乳清粉使用Dried Whey in Pig Starter Diets猪营养体系第102页猪营养体系第103页采食量最关键Feed intake is the key抗拉稀 Minimize diarrheaTouchette al., 1997猪营养体系第104页断奶后饲喂Feeding after weaning猪营养体系第105页断奶后饲喂 Feeding after weaning猪营养体系第106页高档乳猪料Criteria of premium baby pig feed提升后期生长 Growth performance饲料采食量好Feed Intake抗拉稀

40、 Minimize diarrhea降低断奶应激 Reduce stress of weaning猪营养体系第107页补饲意义WHY CREEP FEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production猪营养体系第108页乳猪消化酶分泌及断奶应激Digestive enzyme after weaningACP 010.1-PZ-95020 1 2 3 4 5 6淀粉酶 Amylase 脂肪酶Lipase 胰蛋白酶Trypsin周龄 胰蛋白酶活性10 50(x1000

41、) 淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性资料起源: Lindeman et al 1986Weaning猪营养体系第109页每头乳猪断奶前总采食量与断奶后1周总采食量关系Feed intake of the piglets during lactation, in relation to feed intake during the 7 d after weaning猪营养体系第110页断奶后采食量对胰蛋白酶活力影响Trypsin activity (pancreas & jejunum) at d 6 post-weaning related to post-weaning FI024681012141618

42、20断奶后0-6天平均日采食量(g/d)Post weaning 6d ADFI g/d01208016028024020040320360400TotalTrypsinActivityunitsx1000Caroline A. Makkink, 1993, Ph. D. thesisDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University of Wageningen.猪营养体系第111页补饲意义WHY CREEP FEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋

43、白酶活性 Induce enzyme production增加产酸能力Stimulate gastric acid production猪营养体系第112页补饲意义WHY CREEP FEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production增加产酸能力Stimulate gastric acid production肠壁发育Develop gut - villi猪营养体系第113页 小肠吸收表面积：小肠皱褶：X 3倍 绒毛 X10倍 微绒毛 (毛刷邊界) X25倍 =

44、 750 倍小腸摺皺微絨毛絨 毛猪营养体系第114页乳猪断奶前/后小肠结构之差异The difference of intestinal structure of baby pig for Pre- weaning and Post weaning 断奶前 断奶后 Pre- weaning Post weaning猪营养体系第115页断奶后5天绒毛高度和采食量关系_700600500400300200MEAN VILLOUS HEIGHT 总采食干物质量(g/天) Total Creep Intake 0 200 400 600| | | |ooooooooooooooooooooooPlus

45、ke, J.R. et al., Dept. Of Animal Science, University of Alberta 1993猪营养体系第116页补饲意义WHY CREEP FEED训练咀嚼固体饲料及适应气味 Train piglets to accept solid feed刺激化道中各淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性 Induce enzyme production增加产酸能力Stimulate gastric acid production肠壁发育Develop gut - villi降低乳猪断奶应激 Reduce weaning stress猪营养体系第117页采食量最关键Feed int

46、ake is the key猪营养体系第118页教槽迟早对0-9日龄增重影响 Creep Feeding Duration Effect on Postweaning Gain (day 0 9)猪营养体系第119页教槽迟早对10-21日龄增重影响 Creep Feeding Duration Effect on Postweaning Gain (day 10 21)猪营养体系第120页好开始Better Start Faster Finish36 克/天 * 21 天 = 756 克36 g/d * 21 d = 756 g平均而言，断奶体重每增加1kg可缩短出栏时间4-5天On aver

47、age each 1 kg extra gain within 3 weeks post weaning reduced days to mkt by 4 5 days猪营养体系第121页怎样补饲How to use creep feed越早越好，最正确开始时间5-7日龄?Use creep feed early start at 5-7d颗粒料比粉状料更适用Use pellet creep feed高档乳猪料High quality creep feed清洁Good sanitation / management / biosecurity猪营养体系第122页教 槽 Start creep

48、feeding 3-5 2 猪营养体系第123页采食量最关键.!Feed intake is the key总结 Summary 猪营养体系第124页保育阶段生长对后期影响Nursery ADG effect on grow/finish ADGHighLow日增重断奶后日龄正常保育猪保育生长慢猪猪营养体系第125页怀孕母猪喂养影响初生重和健康情况Sow feeding in gestation affects birth wt哺乳期及教槽影响断奶重Lactation and creep feed affect weaning wt断奶体重越大，保育生长速度越大Higher weaning w

49、t better nursery performance保育生长越快，全期生长越快越大Better growth in nursery faster growth in grow/finish采食越大，生长越快Higher feed intake faster growth FEED INTAKE IS KEY保育猪生长速度 - 总结Growth performance - Summary猪营养体系第126页断奶仔猪免疫力Immune System Development550S猪营养体系第127页断奶仔猪乳糖酶Enzyme Development550S551S猪营养体系第128页高 档 教

50、 槽 价 值The value of premium nursery feed猪营养体系第129页保育期料 保育期所需饲料百分比% of total feed required to reach market weight猪营养体系第130页6-30千克保育仔猪FeedEquipmentOthersLaborMedicationPig猪营养体系第131页 饲料回报 ROF饲料回报 = (增重 x 猪价) (料量 x 料价)ROF = (gain x pig price) (feed kg x price/kg) 猪营养体系第132页正大饲料价值比较550S（代乳宝）性能与价值表达26日龄断奶每

51、头猪阶段利润 = （仔猪单价 造肉成本） 每头猪阶段增重猪营养体系第133页正大饲料价值比较551S（乳猪宝）性能与价值表达每头猪阶段利润 = （仔猪单价 造肉成本） 每头猪阶段增重猪营养体系第134页正大饲料价值比较551（仔猪宝）性能与价值表达每头猪阶段利润 = （肥猪单价 造肉成本） 每头猪阶段增重猪营养体系第135页营 养 学 真 意The Reality of Nutrition 产 出 = ( 遗 传+ 环 境+ 营 养 ) * 管 理P = ( G + E + N ) * M猪营养体系第136页猪营养体系第137页猪营养体系Swine Nutrition Systems母猪营养体

52、系 Sow Nutrition System 乳猪营养体系 Baby Pig Nutrition System 育肥猪营养体系 Grow / finish Nutrition System猪营养体系第138页 最正确生长曲线Best Growth Curve - BWtFu et al., 猪营养体系第139页 最正确生长曲线Best Growth Curve - ADG猪营养体系第140页采食量最关键.!Feed intake is the key猪营养体系第141页采食量与采食能力Feed intake for gut fill猪营养体系第142页采食量最关键.!Feed intake is the key自由采食Full Feed猪营养体系第143页 自由采食？Full Feeding.?猪营