语言与文化试题

1、.Eachofthefollowingstatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachstatementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichofthefouralternativesbestcompletesthestatement(20%).Languageis(),whichmeansthatspeechistheprimarymediumoflanguage.A.arbitraryB.vocalC.symbolicD.humanspecific.“Apondoffleshisderived

2、fromShakespeares()A.RomeoandJulietB.AnthonyandCleopatraC.TheMerchantofVeniceD.KingLear.“AgreenhorninEnglishrefersto()A.ahorninthecolorofgreenB.afoolishpersonC.asimpleandinexperiencedpersonD.ajealousperson.AnalogyisoftenmadeinEnglishbetween()andpeoplewhoarerudeorhot-temperedpeoplewithhighintelligence

3、orremarkablepowerofendurance.A.bearsB.horsesC.monkeysD.foxes.()wordsemergedtoclassifythings,forinstance,direction,time,quantityandqualitywhilefunctionwordsindicatetherelationshipbetweenthings.A.CommonB.GoodC.ContentD.Gesture.TheEnglishspeakingpeoplearedirect,so()A.theyreasonfromtheparticulartothegen

4、eral,frompartstothewhole,orfromthesmalltothebig.B.theyreasonfromthegeneraltotheparticular,fromthewholetothepart,fromthebigtothesmall.C.theyprefertheinformationstructureinwhichthemoreimportantinformationprecedesthelessimportantinformation.D.theyprefertheinformationstructureinwhichthelessinformationpr

5、ecedesthemoreimportantinformation.()istheleaderoftheBritishgovernment.A.PrimeMinisterB.QueenC.PresidentD.Governor.“Visitorsshouldgoupthestairsatonceisa()styleoflanguage.A.frozenB.formalC.consultativeD.casual.TheEnglishidiom“tobeallthumbsmeans()A.tobeclumsyB.tobeimportantC.toberichD.tobeproud.WhenanE

6、nglishmansays“Iwasonlypullingyourleg,hemeans()A.IwasonlywarningyouB.IwasonlytryingtopreventyoufrommakingprogressC.IwasonlyjokingD.Iwasonlyaskingyouforhelp11.Whenofferinganotherpersontobefirstingoingthroughadoor,gettinginacar,thenormalexpressionis()A.“AfteryouB.“Yougofirst,pleaseC.“Wouldyouliketogofi

7、rst?D.“Canyougofirst,please?12.InEnglishspeakingcountriesexpensivegiftswill()A.makethemuncomfortablefortheywillnotknowhowtoreturnthekindnessB.makethemveryhappyfortheythinktheyarehighlyvaluedC.makethemsurprisefortheywillnotknowhowtouseitD.makethemembarrassedfortheyknowtheyarenotworthit.()iswhatiscomm

8、unicatedbythewayinwhichaspeakerorwriterorganizesamessage,intermsofordering,focus,oremphasis.A.ConceptualmeaningB.ThematicmeaningC.SocialmeaningD.Affectivemeaning.Anoblemanholdingthehighesthereditarytitleoutsidetheroyalfamilyis()A.dukeB.knightC.lordD.sir.()istheplanetsecondinorderfromthesun,derivedfr

9、omtheRomangoddessofloveandbeauty.A.VenusB.JupiterC.UraniumD.Mars.“Lovestorecorrespondsto()A.爱情商店B.色情商店爱心商店D.友爱商店.ThewordinBritishEnglishfor“facultyis()A.departmentB.stuffC.staffD.teacher.Whensignifying“comehere,Englishspeakerswould()A.extendtheirclosedhands,plamsup,withonlytheirforefingersmovingback

10、andforthB.extendtheiropenhands,palmsdown,towardthepersonwithallfingerscrookedinabeckoningmotionC.extendtheirclosedhands,palmsup,towardthepersonwithallfingerscrookedinabeckoningmotionD.extendtheiropenhands,palmsdown,withonlytheirforefingersmovingbackandforth.ADonJuanis()A.acaptivationmanknownasagreat

11、loverorseducerofwomenB.anidealisticandimpracticalpersonC.apersonorthingsufferingfromundeservedneglectD.awomanofbreathtakingbeauty.AmericanandBritishEnglisharetwo()oftheEnglishlanguage.A.varietiesB.elementsC.partsD.formsII.Eachofthefollowingincompletestatementsisfollowedbyfouralternatives.Readeachsta

12、tementandthefouralternativescarefullyanddecidewhichofthefouralternativescancompletethestatement.Theremightbemorethanonecorrectanswer.(10%).Therelationshipbetweenlanguage,cultureandthoughtisthat()A.theyarethreepartsofawholeB.languageisdeterminedbyculturewhilecultureisdeterminedbythoughtC.eachofthemca

13、noperateindependentlyD.thethreeaspectsinteract,eachinfluencingandshapingtheothertwo.Theeuphemisticexpressionfor“backwardcountriesare()A.underdevelopedcountriesB.developedcountriesC.developingcountriesD.poorcountries.Generallyspeaking,themainfunctionofEnglishnewspaperreportingis()A.toteachthereaderB.

14、toadvisethereaderC.toinformthereaderD.toenlightenthereader.“Tomakebrickswithoutstraw()A.meanstodosomethingwithoutpropermaterialB.meansoneisboundtofailwhentryingtodosomethingwithoutnecessarymaterialC.correspondsto“做劳而无功的工作”inChineseD.correspondsto“做无米之炊”inChinese.MajordifferencesinEnglishandChinesead

15、vertisingare()A.differencesinserviceB.differencesinbrandnamesC.differencesinvocabularyandgrammarD.differencesinvarieties.Deductiverefersto()A.reasoningfromthegeneraltotheparticularB.reasoningfortheparticulartothegeneralC.themainthesisprecedingthesupportinginformationD.thesupportinginformationprecedi

16、ngthemainthesis.()canberelatedtoindividualism.A.“Tellmoneyafteryourfather”B.“Wivesandchildrenarebillsofcharges”C.“Evenreckoningmakeslongfriends”D.“Maidswantnothingbuthusbands,andwhentheyhavethem,theywanteverything”.Namesinclude()A.givennamesB.surnamesC.fullnamesD.nicknamesorpetnames29.InAustralianEn

17、glish,()thatmaybeusedtodescribepersonsofAsianappearanceareclearlyderogatory.A.slant-eyesB.dagosC.wogsD.chinks30.Redcapsreferto()A.militarypolicemeninAmericanEnglishB.portersinAmericanEnglishC.portersinBritishEnglishD.militarypolicemeninBritishEnglish第二部分非选择题III.Fillineachunderlinedspacewithaproperex

18、pression.(10%).Languageistheofculturalinformation.TOC o 1-5 h z.Meaningisconveyednotonlybywordsorverballanguagebutalsoby.TheEnglishequivalentfor“趁热打铁”is.The“EnglishreferstothosebasicEnglishitemsthatappearinmostorallvarietiesofEnglish.Lexical,grammaticalandtextualfeaturesareoftenattributedto.Whenaddr

19、essingorreferringtoaking,queenoremperor,weusetogetherwithpossessivepronouns.Amarriagearrangedinordertostrengthenthepolitical,social,orfinancialpositionofoneorbothpartiesiscalled.ItisoftensaidthatEnglishisalanguagewithgrammarandChineseisalanguagewithimplicitgrammar.Themajorthemeofwesterncultureisindi

20、vidualismwhilethecentralthemeoftraditionalChinesecultureisorenvironmentalism.“PrivateschoolinAmericanEnglishreferstothesameas“inBritishEnglish.IV.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.(12%).WhatarethemainfeaturesoftheheadlineandleadinEnglishnewspaperreporting?.Whatareeuphemismsandtheirmajorfunctions?.Whatareten