英语高中英语基础语法复习课件

1、高考基础语法复习构词法 在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。 1.合成名词 名词+名词 cowboy newspaper 名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand 2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold 形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash 名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn3. 合

2、成形容词: 名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made 数词+名词 one-way second-hand .一、合成二、转化:动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste.(2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Lets go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) He

3、r room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1) a- 表示“在之上”，“向” aboard, aside,2) by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路)3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间，相互” international, interaction, internet mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outsid

4、e, outward6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上” overlook, overhead, overboard7)extra-, 表示“额外” extraction （提取）8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foreground9)in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，背于” inland, invade, inside, import2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 后缀 例 词名词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess inability, available leakage, shortage

5、renewal, withdrawal American, Korean privacy, accuracy farmer, thinker, painkiller actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese employee, trustee, interviewee engineer, profiteer machinery, jewellery actress, waitress, empress后缀 例 词名词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure armful, handful

6、, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musician artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure后缀 例 词形容词- able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-

7、y-less-some advisable, admirable, comfortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless tr

8、oublesome, tiresome后缀 例 词动词-(e)n-fy-ize-ate widen, strengthen, lengthen simplify, beautify apologize, organize, realize activate, motivate后缀 例 词副词-ly-down-ward(s) really, badly, perfectly, truly face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地) towards, forward, outward后缀 例 词数词-teen-ty-th fourteen, fifteen, eighteen fort

9、y, fifty, eighty fourth, fifth, eighthPractice (I): 从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.booklookersnewfar first troubletenbabyoveremptyreachingcaseminuteclassbornonhandedeatsitfree Practice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words. With the (1)_ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more (2)_ more ser

10、ious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_ air pollution. Air pollution is caused (4)_ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)_ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _ to their health(8)_ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _ is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight(10)_ pollution. New fuel can be used to replace gas. We can p