20届简学考研-英语英语语法04

1、词十类1、名词bject 主O：object 宾表语A; 同位词十类1、名词bject 主O：object 宾表语A; 同位三大从句：名词性从句，形容词从句（定语从句，副词性从句（语从句名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从定语从句：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句状语从句：9大类1、时间状语从2、地点状语从3、条件状语从4、目的状语从5、原因状语从6、结果状语从7、让步状语从8、方式状语从9、比较状语从2、代词3、动词1）主谓一2）时态：16 种时3）语态： 2 9、比较状语从2、代词3、动词1）主谓一2）时态：16 种时3）语态： 2 种语态：主动语态语4）语气： 3 种语气：

2、陈述语气；祈使语气；虚拟语气5）特殊动词/实义动特殊动词助动词：do, will, have done, be 情态动词： shouldneedmustcan, maymightwouldhave to, 连系动词：be动He is 系动词感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, 半系动词：appear, grow, 6) 非谓语结非动词结构7）独立主格结构在意思上等于句子，但是语法上又不是句子4、形容5、副词6、介词7、连词8、冠词9、感叹10、数句子八大成句子4、形容5、副词6、介词7、连词8、冠词9、感叹10、数句子八大成句子哪八大成分？主谓宾表定同状补

3、1、He teaches 主谓2、I am 主系3、The lovely kid under the tree is my 主系表4. All is t ends well. 主系5.Smith,aprofessorfromStanford,willgiveusalecture同位语和定语的区别是什么定语：形容同位语：名词6.He speaks English 主谓well：程度状7.EinsteinwenttoAmericabecauseersecutedthe6.He speaks English 主谓well：程度状7.EinsteinwenttoAmericabecauseersecu

4、tedtheto：地点状because：原因状8. Last night, Mr. on apologized sincerely his last night：时间状sincerely：方式状语to： 范围状语in：地点状位置：1方式状语 2 范围状语 3 地点状语 4 时间状语翻译顺序：9. To make things worse, there was a strong 主语：there be句型：倒装句 后面是主总结状语1、修饰谓语动词；表示发生的情形和背2、修饰主句：原因状语从3、修饰10. We often call him “Mr. He gives me an Mr. righ

5、t：宾11. I10. We often call him “Mr. He gives me an Mr. right：宾11. I found the explanation wrong：宾12. He died young：主语补足13. The bottle was found sb. found the bottle empty.（empty补充说明empty：主语补足句子类Old habits die I love Talking to her brings me a lot Who leaves the door ernet dating is 一、名1、数：可数名词不可数名词no

6、ncountable: fish CU鱼肉two 两条鱼two fishes 两类2、所有格3、功能主语：宾语：表语：同位语改错two 两条鱼two fishes 两类2、所有格3、功能主语：宾语：表语：同位语改错1.I have to do s work 1)U工2【C】作3【C】工厂 orks 一个工2.Mygrandparents chickenandfishes,butweusuallychicken and fish from the 3.ItmanyfriendsofJerrywillturn4.He climbed this 3600-feet-high mountain on

7、连字符复合形容词中间的名词一定要用二、代改错1. Alan has scarcely everything he scarcely=hardly 几乎不2.Itisonethingtoenjoy listeninggoodmusic,二、代改错1. Alan has scarcely everything he scarcely=hardly 几乎不2.Itisonethingtoenjoy listeninggoodmusic,butitquite other to perform skillfully other：其它的+ n.s 名词复others= an + otheranother

8、+ n. 名词单one another 对应代3.Tothefinalists,BobandI,thelasthighjumpwasthe4. Williamthe ConquerorbuilttheTowerLondontohimself from those he had 5.Whendrinkingfromawell,onefetthosewho6. Samadmired hisfriends andHeedaction of 7. ar New Year was always a happy time we 8. These three girls help each other to

9、 flowers the table each other 两者中互one another 三个及三个以9. Our home is n yours or the table each other 两者中互one another 三个及三个以9. Our home is n yours or 三、动主谓一致：指谓语与主语的（判卷老师就盯这些错误Many a student Many A new set of rules has been A lot of rules have been 改错Acertainsetofhave justice its own A pair of glasses

10、are needed t pair two pairs 3.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksareofferedtotheas a 4.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryarenotdecided复合不定式：疑问词+不定式 动词为单When to build_ and where to 5.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwerefifty,butanumberofWhen to build_ and where to 5.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwerefifty,butanumberofwas

11、absent for different a number of 复数固定短the number of 单6. A good deal of money have been spent on 7. Either you ortheheadmaster are tohand out theprizesthese gifted students at the 8. It tneither Bin Laden nor his followers a drastic he 9. Not I also Jane and Mary was tired of having not but 是（重点在后面10

12、. Mr. White as well as his wife have travelled a number he past few A as well as B （重点者They collected women as well as food and together along combined 11. Most of the work have been done by the time wegot 12. Many a student are busy with their 13.11. Most of the work have been done by the time wego

13、t 12. Many a student are busy with their 13.Theaudiencearesotnoseatwaslefthe 集合名词（一 有生命体的 （v.用复数（二）furniture/equipment/poetry 无生命的 （v.用单数（三）audience/crew/family/jury 有生命的（v.可用复数单数） 如果强调的事整体性用单数leave：使处于某种状leave the door door is left Thecrewofwaswaiting for the instructionPlease make sure all the cat

14、tle has been well secured Everybody, menandwomen, oldandyoung, enjoysports 17. Ten minutes seem an hour when one is waiting for a 整体概念：一段时间、一段空间距离、一笔钱出现的时候，谓语对的一定是单数形式18. To a, even 50 meters are a long to 19. For some kids, pence aresuch a big 的一定是单数形式18. To a, even 50 meters are a long to 19. For

15、some kids, pence aresuch a big tcana long pence 便士pennies 表示额度及个数/pence只指钱的额20.Thesecretaryandprincipalarespeakingatthemeetingadj.主要的 n.校长principle n.原vocation 职业vacation 假期21. It is not Jane but her brothers who are to 22. The quickest means to go there are by means：单works：工The total of victims of

16、the bus bombin The richare always happy, although the poor pay 25. It ist there is going to be heavy storms the coming there be句型是倒装26. istics is optional his n one s been reported 28. More n one have been reported 29. Although a strong man have got lost before such ion, is a many whon one s been re

17、ported 28. More n one have been reported 29. Although a strong man have got lost before such ion, is a many who have resist 四、十六种时态现在现在现在一般过去进行过去完成过去将来将来将来过去将过去将来过去将来现在完成进过去将来过去将（一）一般1、My has a 2、She brushes her If/When comes, let me Theteachertoldtthelookedbright, idlight of its got up was a teache

18、r t died at 5 be a wo visit China We oftenusea recorderin our English class. Butgot up was a teacher t died at 5 be a wo visit China We oftenusea recorderin our English class. But we notuseittomorrow,becausetherewassomethingwrongwith11. He t would set out (二)进行时Hes at Hes living Beijing The train is

19、 leave：瞬间性动ing形式：用进行时表将Hes always ng：表达不满；吐槽He was reading a novel when you went Ill be at this time The train will be arriving in 表示经过计划、安排、统筹将要发生的事19. He t he would be tis dying. die瞬间性动词他奄奄一息了14will die. 他会（没有强调时间will be dying. （经过安排，计is dying. die瞬间性动词他奄奄一息了14will die. 他会（没有强调时间will be dying. （经

20、过安排，计划即将发生）18is going to 打算医生说的根据病情、迹象将要发生什（三）完成完成时三大特点：1一定有截止现在have/hasdone/过去haddone/将来willdone/过去将来would have 2、两个含义：1）截止到时间点，已然完成的动作行为及产生的影响2）截止到时间点，一直持续的动作行为或状态3、区分持续性动词和瞬间性动词的区borrow die beawayborrow 借入lend 借Weve had We had little Hes Hes been dead 23. lived there 5 years.过去住，现在不住Ihave lived t

21、here 5 years. 截止到目前5I23. lived there 5 years.过去住，现在不住Ihave lived there 5 years. 截止到目前5Ihad lived there 5 years. 截止过去时间点（结合上下文Iwill have lived there 5 years.截止到将来某一时间Iwould have lived there 5 years. 截止到过去将来某一时点（四）完成进行时24. s been raining 完成时 1、截止到一个时间点已然完成的行2、截止到一个时间点一直持续的动作状完成进行时：截止的时间点它还在继续区别：比完成时多强

22、调一个进行依然进25. s rained 26. Ive been coming up here night after night 特殊用法：当瞬间性动词用在现在完成进行时 表示频繁的发27.Perhaps it is a long time before we see you 28.IwillsetoutforSingaporeassoonastheticketwill29.MyfriendswillmeetmewhenIwillarriveatthe30.Tomdiedlastsummer.Tomalwayslikesreadingpoemsto31. I consider accept

23、ing your suggestion at 32. While I was reading a book, I fell 33.Joan31. I consider accepting your suggestion at 32. While I was reading a book, I fell 33.Joanhasalreadyfinished.Nowsheis34. Nobody likes him because he always criticizes/ is criticizing be ng:表示吐槽；表示不35. James has just arrived, but I

24、didnt know he was until 36. Send for a doctor quickly. The old man will 37.Hegaveupsmokinglastmonth.Hehasnotsmokedfora 38.Sincetherehasbeenalotofnew39. Her grandmother has died for twenty 40.Thepricewentdown,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremain41. s been raining almost every day so far this 42.Bythetimeyour

25、eadthisarticletomorrowevening,wehave left for 43.Whenheretires,ProfessorJoneswillbeteachinghereover thirty 44. He tried three times so far and he fails each 45. Mary was making a dress when she cut her 46. We had d our dinner when the doorbell 47.Ihadbeenhaving45. Mary was making a dress when she cu

26、t her 46. We had d our dinner when the doorbell 47.Ihadbeenhavingmybreakfastwhenthetwhen 在过去完成进行时出现的时候，它表达为：突五、语1、用法S+ vt.+ O+ be +by + S:主动作发出O:宾动作承受语态一定是及物动2、使用范什么情况使句强调动作的承受must be ed 不知动作发出者A lot of money was he 避免动作发出者的出Much has been said but little has been 4 发出者不言自It is 3（多句4、翻译英语句中文主动5使”动词表主

27、seat vt. 使坐seat 请=Be 请vt. 使面face erest 3（多句4、翻译英语句中文主动5使”动词表主seat vt. 使坐seat 请=Be 请vt. 使面face erest 使erest in erested 6、主动1 eg. The flowers need = The need to be 垂涎欲be 1 vt. 打扫 2 vi. 打扫起The floor cleans wash vi. 洗起eat 1 vt. 打扫 2 vi. 打扫起The floor cleans wash vi. 洗起eat vi. 吃起来The apple eats 练习1. The f

28、ire could not be put out until the next 2.Thispairofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedsells 3. The professor didnt his lecture until were 4. After such a long journey, shoes want 六、虚拟语(一)、虚拟条件句S+ S + 现在过去改错I am a bird, I will fly to he adopted my advice, he would ephoned me, what should I 4.改错I am a b

29、ird, I will fly to he adopted my advice, he would ephoned me, what should I 4.Ifhehadadoptedmyadvice,hewouldbeworkinginanHad he adopted my advice, he would have Were he ephone Should ephone me, The childwould have heriver tman caught 9.ingthisshipweretosink,therewouldbejackets for all the 10. Your s

30、ecretary told t you would be Otherwise I would have felt compelled to call you at 11.Hetoldmehowhehadgivenmeshelterandprotectionwhich I would have died ger and 12. But for the fog, we should have reached our 将来should + were to + (二)、命令、建议、要求表示命令、建议、要求的 出t + 名词性从t + S +(should)(二)、命令、建议、要求表示命令、建议、要求的

31、 出t + 名词性从t + S +(should) + 改错13.Itstthenationsendsanunmannedto explore the .14.Themanagementtthecostofproductionis15. do you think hist improvements be he old type of vacuum （三意愿改错ly, Id rather you didnt make any comment on ie for the time If only I had not been 18.IwishIhavegonetoStockholmwhenIwas

32、inSweden.Iits a beautiful 19. Its high time you started to （四、状语从句改错20. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it wrong on the 21.Heisworkinghardforthefailstopassthe22. It looks as if it were/is likely to 23. Thewrong on the 21.Heisworkinghardforthefailstopassthe22. It looks as if it were/

33、is likely to 23. Thebusiness of eachday, beitselling goods orthem, went quite 24.Alltudents,betheyfuturephysicistsorshould have a good foundation .七、非谓语结构不定to + 定语，补状动名V + 现在分定语，补语V + 状例句To see Im to see Judy His ambition, to be a pilot, never To do + 容易头重脚It V. + to 改成形式主is sary for us study was ki

34、nd of you to I want a hammer he nailIt V. + to 改成形式主is sary for us study was kind of you to I want a hammer he nail I his wallet and Hehadhislayingthe wohourseveryShe was made to leave at 8.Everymorning,hewokeuponlytofindtheworkhadbeen9. He is old enough to he 10. He rprised to hear the 11.Theboywal

35、kedothedormitorysoasnottohis 12.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemedtohaveblown off the 13.IwouldrathernwatchTV.Theprogramsseemtogetting worse all the 14. I have no idea leave the 15. They expected be would bemany movies directed by 八、非谓语结构动名例句Seeing is is no joking about It no you mind closing th

36、e When Jim had seen the film, he ceased erested the 6.例句Seeing is is no joking about It no you mind closing the When Jim had seen the film, he ceased erested the 6.Nooneispermittedtoenterthehallhis identification ng ones workproperly mayniWe were surprised at his not the Onlyngsocanweberegardedhavin

37、g fulfilled 10. Jack, scolded by his mother, finally confessed stolen the 九、 非谓语结构现在分词/过去分例句TheGreatwasthelongestandmosteconomic ever experienced by the The Amazon forest functions as the converts carbon he atmosphere o 3. Imagineour embarrassmentwhenwesawMary wearing her s a price tag on 4. Corn he

38、converts carbon he atmosphere o 3. Imagineour embarrassmentwhenwesawMary wearing her s a price tag on 4. Corn he New World and thus was not knownEurope until Columbus found it being cultivated in 5. Judgedthebestina recent sciencecompetition, thestudents were awarded scholarships totaling 6. vingthe

39、earthtobeflat,manytwould fall off edge of the 7. Having eaten cheon, the judge was ready seriously the .十、 独立主格例句1. are a man who effectively re to succeed more n amand of language is 2. Somany directorswere absent, meetinghad toput 3.Allthingsareconsidered,thetripwillhavetocalled 4. The speech was

40、delivered, a lively 5.Anewtechniquehavingbeenworkedout,theyieldsasaincreased by 20 6.Allflightshavingbeencancelledbecauseofthemany passengers could do nothing but 5.Anewtechniquehavingbeenworkedout,theyieldsasaincreased by 20 6.Allflightshavingbeencancelledbecauseofthemany passengers could do nothin

41、g but take the 7. murderer brought in , with his hands having his 8. sale takes place the house, eating benches, chairs, 十一、定语从从句从属于一个句相当于一个单词三大从三个定状例句1. The t saw there is 2. The tIhaveever had was tI had at a seaside .3.Theyoungmant/sheissoinlove has just gone 4.Shehasthetsheeeveryt she may come a

42、cross in her 5. It was not such a good meal as she romised 6.Thedayont she may come across in her 5. It was not such a good meal as she romised 6.Thedayonttheirweddingceremonyistoplace is chosen with great 7. The world in which/where we live is made up of 8. The reason for which t piracy runs wild h

43、ere 9.Couldyougivememoredetailsonthewayinthandled the 10.leasedwithwhatyouhavegivenmeandallwhichhave told 11. My mother who has retired now, finds life is not eresting as 12.Thetree,whosebranchesarealmostbare,isaveryold13.Mr.SmithwillohisnewhousenextMonday,ttime it will be y 14. It is raining which

44、is very bad for our 15. She is a as all her friends 16.As/Itisknowntoisegralpartof17.With ingmoreandmore mechanized ,thereno problem an be fixed in a few 十二、名词性从句名词性从句两类引导词：1t2、wh- 特殊疑问例句t technological progresshelps to vescarcities十二、名词性从句名词性从句两类引导词：1t2、wh- 特殊疑问例句t technological progresshelps to ve

45、scarcitiesa fact accepted by all I have made t IwillnevergobackonmyJohn told t he was to be promoted to the The t as much as one-fourth of all harvested is used proved to be The news is not t we are having a Thetruth t the finestlooking shoespinchtheWhether he comes or not matters It matters little

46、whether he comes or What he wants has nothing to do with is one mans meat is anothers satisfied with what youve measures shall I take is none of your He collected whatever information he could find on 14.Thepoetwrotethefamouspoemwhenhemadeatourwas once a 15. 14.Thepoetwrotethefamouspoemwhenhemadeato

47、urwas once a 15. Reading is 十五、状语从状语从句：9大类1、时间状语从2、地点状语从3、条件状语从4、目的状语从5、原因状语从6、结果状语从7、让步状语从8、方式状语从9、比较状语从一、时间状语从句1.Wehavedreadedtravelingbyairsincewereadaboutallcrashes two years 2. They decided to chase the cow away before/in tdid more 3. I recognized her the moment I saw 二、地点状语从句1.Where there is l

48、ife, there is 3. I recognized her the moment I saw 二、地点状语从句1.Where there is life, there is 三、条件状语从句1. You wont be on time unless you 2. You may do anything you like so long as it is not the 3.Heneveredtohelpthosewhoareinneedofhisif only/ t he 四、目的状语从句1. We keep milk a refrigerator t it will not 五、原因

49、状语从句1.Given/seeing t）nobodywasveryenthusiasticaboutthey decided to the 六、结果状语从句1. Mary is so t she understands 七、让步状语从句Though the road icy, Mike drove very Although Peter is clever, but he doesnt work I shall attend the meeting whether he comes or No matter how hard it may be, I must 八、方式状语从句1. English words are not always spelled as they 九、比较状语