全市一等奖词义猜测-精讲版课件

1、词义猜测技巧与训练北京 何国贵一、根据事例或解释推理二、根据上下文语境三、根据转折、对比等逻辑关系四、利用近义词或同义词五、根据上下文指代关系例1 （2011全国卷-II-D) So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures(文化).53. The wor

2、d “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means _. A. encourages B. helps to narrow C. increases D. draws attention to在其它国家工作的第一课就是学语言，着装，举止、观念等。做事的方式要注意我们看到的许多文化之间的差异。_强调，注意例2 （2011北京卷-C) The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in wh

3、ich we can have deep conversation and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas.64. The underlined word “engage” in Para.4 probably means _. A. explore B. accept C. change D. reject科技手段会分散学生注意力

4、，过多依赖外部信息，只有在不使用科技手段的地方，学生们才能真正进行探讨复杂的观点，但这种场合很少。_例3 （2011陕西卷-D） “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true,” said 58. What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?Control B. Evaluate C. Obtain D. Increase根据第2段首句：Despite

5、 what is promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop. In fact,尽管有承诺但实际上转基因技术并没有粮食增产的潜力。_例4 （2011浙江卷-D) I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity;children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies.57. By

6、 “we were all beside ourselves”, the writer means that they all _. A. felt confused B. went wild with joy C. looked on D. forgot their fights父母亲忘了责任和尊严，孩子们忘了每日的争斗和戒心。大家都开心得忘记了一切。go wild with joy 可表现他们那种忘乎所以的样子。_一、根据事例或解释推理例1 （2010北京卷-C尾段） Thats why slight differences in conversational style - tiny l

7、ittle things like microseconds of pause can have a great effect on ones life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.67. The underlined word “asserti

8、veness” in the last paragraph probably means _.being willing to speak ones mindbeing able to increase ones powerbeing ready to make ones own judgmentbeing quick to express one ideas confidently_大意：交谈方式中很小的区别，就像几微秒的停顿，也会对一个人的生活产生很大影响，其结果就是人们觉得自己有心理问题，于是就会去参加一些能够使自己自信地表情达意的训练。例2 （2010广东卷-B）You have no

9、 power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winners key to success.47. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest

10、 in meaning to _.A. avoid B. accept C. improve D. consider大意：成功者的秘诀在于不是把注意力集中在谁该受责备，而把精力放在如何改进补救局面上。_例3 （2010上海卷-C篇） The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added -a communications blackout caused by solar storms.Q: The phrase “communications blackout”

11、 most probably refers to _ during the 2012 Olympics.the extinguishing of the Olympic torchthe collapse of broadcasting systemsthe transportation breakdown in Londonthe destruction of weather satellitesthe extinguishing of the Olympic torch 奥运火炬熄灭B. the collapse of broadcasting systems 广播系统瘫痪C. the t

12、ransportation breakdown in London 伦敦的交通停运D. the destruction of weather satellites 气象卫星毁坏第3段：Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunicat

13、ions satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London. 科学家认为太阳黑洞活动周期高峰会导致太阳能爆炸，可能把数十亿吨的带电物质抛向地球，从而引起的太阳风暴可能会使直播伦敦奥运会的通讯卫星和网络连接堵塞。第5段：Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications, 这样的事情会对

14、航天员致命的伤害，使通讯中断，造成停电干扰联络，。communications blackout refers to: B. the collapse of broadcasting systems找相关联的词语对应： communications （通讯）- broadcast （广播） collapse （坍塌）- blackout (封锁) 例3 （09重庆卷-B） “When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I cant achieve something. Then there are oth

15、er distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to concentrate.Q: What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to? A.Ways that help one to focus. B.Words that help one to feel less tense. C.Activities that turn ones attention away. D.Habits that make it hard for one to relax._线

16、索1从划线词后面的 such as family or hobbies（如家庭或嗜好）所举事例，可断定distractions表“不可分心”。 2。The key is to concentrate. 关键是集中精力。译文：当情况越来越艰难的时候，我头脑中传来的声音说我什么都没做到。这时候就有另外一些分心的事，比如家里的事或是好玩的事。关键是精力集中。例4 （2009江苏卷-D）Water Beneath the soilSurface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes, ponds, and rivers. Once in

17、the soil or rock, it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation (渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.As water percolates downward, it dissolves organic matt

18、er and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper payers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.看题干：organic matter and minerals from soil are mixed with water and become part of it 来自有机物质和矿物质与水混合并成为一部分，等于是dissolve的解释。dissolve 意为 “溶解”看原文：As water perco

19、lates downward, it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper payers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. 当水向下渗透时，水会与土壤中的有机物质和矿物质溶解，并将它们带进深层。因植物需要这些营养生长，这就导致了一个严重问题。70. The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express

20、the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are _. A.rushed away into the river B.cleaned and purified by water C.destroyed and carried away by water D. mixed with water and become part of it _二、根据上下文语境 例1 （09广东卷-B第1、3段） We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class. We studi

21、ed the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Q: The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _.A. formed an idea for B. made an outline forC. made some

22、space for D. chose some colors for_线索： 划线词后面的 our design: 我们的设计。大意：我们曾经搞了一次五年级美术班的海报竞赛。我们仔细研究板面。 当我们在构思设计时有人却用一只眼睛看，举着某种颜色挡住黑板，拿着纸片左右晃动。 form an idea for ：构思，构想。例2 （09陕西卷-C-尾段） Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the

23、old wives tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.Q: The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph

24、 most probably means “_”. A. to be believable B. to be valuable C. to be admirable C. to be suitable_词义对比： even though 即便； still 仍然， truth真实大意了解： Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. 即便科学家能告诉我们有些传统

25、的信仰站不住脚（说不通），但在老婆婆的传文里仍有许多真东西。毕竟很多家庭保健知识是千百年积累下来的经验。即使在寻求科学的支持来证明其真伪时，我们也应尊重这种传承下来丰厚的知识。例3 （2009宁夏、海南卷-D篇-第2段） If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that hell clam up.69. What does the phrase “clam up” in para

26、graph 2 probably mean?become excited B. show respectC. refuse to talk D. seek help_根据前一句，与下句连贯：假如你的孩子不愿意讨论事情，不要坚信让他告诉你他想的什么。你越是坚持要孩子说，孩子就越拒绝说。_例4 （人大附中练习题） Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see

27、what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding.

28、 Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.Q: By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions _.are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat信息词语： If another ani

29、mal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves._例5 （2010全国卷I-E） I had always traveled to Malaysis by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and rerea

30、d. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.73. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “relish” in the second paragraph?Choose. B. Enjoy. C. Prepare for. D. Carry on._三、根据转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系1.Jane was talking about her

31、family while Elizabeth remained reticent about her private life. reticent: silent缄默的, reserved有保留的 简在谈她家的事而伊丽莎白却对自己的私生活避而不谈。2. Steven is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother. （unattractive, plain） homely: unattractive, plain 斯蒂文长得不英俊，一点也不像他的弟弟那么漂亮。例3 （2009四川卷- B篇） July 21st, 2007 was a typi

32、cal English summers day it rained for 24 hours! As usual, I rushed home from work at midday to check on the house. Nothing was amiss.45. What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean?A. Wrong. B. Missing. C. Right. D. Found.理解常识逻辑：因雨下了24小时，我像以往一样利用中午时间赶回家中查看一下是否有什么不对劲的地方。没出什么问题。_

33、Something is amiss. 出问题了。四、利用近义词或同义词1.Mike thinks we are being watched, “Really?” I asked “What makes you think we are under surveillance?” 2.The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him. 3.He replied quickly. But after he considered the pr

34、oblem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. _监视_done in a hurry, especially with bad result仓促惩罚例4 （2010北京海淀区1月试题-D） Now that the recession(经济衰退)is most likely over, its time to start looking at which companies, institutions, and individuals developed well during this unplea

35、sant period. In the downturn that began in December 2007, the recession ruined the wealthiest consumer markets - the United States, Europe, Japan -there were very few safe shelters. But some countries, such as Peru, managed to grow right through the global recession. And some companies arranged thei

36、r business so that they resisted the contraction and benefited from the trends affecting their industry. Some even managed to bring in more business.多半与中文注释的词语相关！69. The underlined word “contraction” in Paragraph 1 means _.formal written agreementinfluence on industrydisappointing managementprocess

37、of reduced tradecontraction： “recession 衰退”、“ reduce 缩减”_文中提到始于2007年降拐的全球经济衰退大背景：经济衰退使最大的消费市场受到损伤，连美国、欧洲、日本的市场也不能幸免。有些国家，如秘鲁设法通过全球衰退能正常运转。有些公司计划安排他们的经营业务就要抵制萧条，从影响他们的行业的倾向中得到好处。有的公司设法使营业额甚至增长了许多。行业萎缩的进程例5 （2008广东卷-A） Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expecta

38、tions, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.41. The underlined word “gulf” most probably means _. A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation音乐不是唯一的不同。从衣着发型到日常活动以及对生活的期盼，过去几代人父母与孩子之间往往表现出各自的不同。_六、根据指代关系 例1 （09安徽卷-E） People obviously have a nee

39、d for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good suppl

40、y of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the worlds wood supply. this指代上一段最后一句话： People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. 很明显，人们需要从砍伐树木中获取资源，但是我们遭受的远比我们得到的要多得多。 this指的是我们得不偿失, 在接下来的第3段里，作者说明了两点：1。

41、人们砍树，一般也就是能利用耕地一两年的时间。2。大面积地砍伐森林会提供眼前所需木材，但从长远来看这种砍伐实际上是减少了全球树木的供应。_Q: What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to? A.We will lose much more than we can gain. B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C.People have a strong desire for resources. D. Much carbon dioxide com

42、es from burning rainforests._例2 （07天津卷D） In meditation (冥想), people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds they let them go. Breathe. Let go. Breathe. Let go.Q: The underlined word “them” in

43、 Paragraph1 refers to _. A. feelings B. minds C. people D. thoughts 从As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go.随着各种想法在脑海里形成， 他们让这些想法消失。_猜测词义训练Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.2. “The bottom part of my face is numb. “ He says evenly. “Its got no

44、 feeling. ”3.Doctors recommended that everyone exercise everyday, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing. an uncontrollable desire to steal things 盗窃狂incapable of feeling sensations 麻木的showing or requiring a sitting posture: 久坐的4.If he thinks

45、he can invite me out, he is all wet. I dont like to be with him.Q: The phrase “all wet” here means _.A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken5.The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke filled the sky could be fo

46、r miles and miles.Q: What does the word underlined mean ?A. a very large fire B. great fireC. violent situation or war D. a destructive fire over a wide area_6. Sabotage is also an increasing common type of computer crime. This can involve disabling the hardware, but is more likely to affect the software. Typically, the programmer(程序编制员) inserts an instruction that causes the computer to destroy an entire personal data bank. A. act of spoiling B. destroy or attack C. secret damage D. deliberate damage of equipment _蓄意破坏设施 _7. The experiment was cleverly organized to appe