职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题综合类B级

1、全国职称英语级别考试全真模拟试题_综合类_B级（一）考试阐明考试总分：100.0及格分数线：60.0分答题时间：120分钟最高分数：100.0分试题数量：65题职称英语考试共分三个类别：综合类、理工类、卫生类职称英语考试共每个类别又分三个级别：A级、B级、C级每个试券都是由6个题型构成：词汇选项（共15分）、阅读判断 （7分）、概括大意与完毕句子（8分）、阅读理解（45分）、补全短文（10分）、完形填空（15分）词汇选项(共15题，共15.0分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相

2、应的位置上。1The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms.A reject B repeatC return toD respond to选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： react to 对起反映(respond to)/reject v. 回绝,抵制(refuse, deny)2All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, hav

3、e certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A as a result ofB consideringC cognizant ofD whatever选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： regardless of 不管,无论(whatever)/cognizant of 认知到3After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six,she wrote more than one th

4、ousand poems.A received praise fromB withdrew fromC rebelled againstD traveled around选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： retreat from 放弃，退出（withdraw from, secede)/rebel against 对抗(revolt, resist)4Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calc

5、ulator.”A fascinated byB articulate aboutC proficient inD suspicious of选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：C 试题解析： be skilled at 擅长(be good at, be proficient in)5Didnt you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes?A attend classes in timeB miss classesC cheat in classes D be unhappy about classes选择答案： A B

6、C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： skip class 旷课(cut school, stay away from school, miss class)6Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto.A evaluated B detailedC supportedD mentioned选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： spell out 讲清晰(expatiate, expound, detail)7The megaphone makes the voice sound loude

7、r because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A slithering B radiatingC interferingD murmuring选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： spread out 扩展，扩散(diffuse, proliferate, radiate)/slither vi. 不稳地滑动(slide, glide)/murmur v. 发低沉持续的声音(mutter, mumble)8The e

8、xploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborers stand against mechanization.A contrast withB interaction withC ignorance ofD defiance of选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： stand against 抵制(defiance of)/defiance of 蔑视；反对9In arithmetic, a number stands for the size of

9、 a set of things.A measures B estimatesC cancelsD represents选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： stand for 代表（represent)10Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol.A mix with B do well onC exist inD float on选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： thrive on 在中旺盛生长(do well on, flo

10、urish, prosper)/alcohol n. 酒精，乙醇11Why do you want to throw away those books?A imitate B discussC extractD discard选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： throw away 丢弃(chuck away, put off, discard)/extract v. 拔出;榨取(pull out, ream, squeeze)12The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally end

11、ed only by government intervention.A relied upon B hinderedC linked withD imitated选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： tie up 阻碍(baffle, block, hinder)13Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.A as many as B more th

12、anC fewer thanD at least选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： up to 数目达之多(as many as)14Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption.A introduced B causedC usedD upset选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： usher in 引起,产生(fetch in, introduce into)/Prohibition n. (美国)禁酒时期15The Spanish, F

13、rench, Dutch, and English all vied for North American territory.A arrived onB competed forC disposed ofD sailed for选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： vie for 竞争(compete for, rivalize, strife)阅读判断(共7题，共7.0分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是对的信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有

14、提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Starting a New TraditionShantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York. On a cold night in December, her family is standing around the kitchen table while she lights a candle. The table is decorated with baskets of fruits and vegetables and ears of corn for Shantelle and her two b

15、rothers.“This candle represents umoja, an African word that means being together,” Shantelle says. “Thats the most important thing for a family.”Tonight is the first night of Kwanzaa, and Shantelle is spending the holiday with her family. More than 5 million African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa every

16、 year from December 26 until January I. Its a time when they get together with their families to think about their history and their ancestors in Africa.Kwanzaa is very unusual because it was started by one man. In 1966, an American named Maulana Karenga wanted a holiday for African-Americans to hon

17、or their culture and traditions. So he used words and customs from Africa to create a new celebration. He took the name Kwanzaa from the words for “first fruits” in Swahili, an African language. At first, a few American families had small celebrations at home. Now there are also Kwanzaa events in sc

18、hools and public places, and Kwanzaa has spread to other countries like Canada and Jamaica.The main symbol of Kwanzaa is a candleholder with seven candles, one for each of the principles of Kwanzaa. Each night, a family member lights one of the candles and talks about the idea it represents: being t

19、ogether, being yourself, helping each other, sharing, having a goal, creating, and believing. The candles are red, black, and green, the colors of Kwanzaa. The parents also pour drinks to honor family members who have died. On the last night of Kwanzaa, there is a big dinner with African food, and c

20、hildren receive small presents.Today people can buy Kwanzaa greeting cards and special Kwanzaa clothes. Stores sell Kwanzaa candles and candleholders. Some people dont believe that Kwanzaa is a real holiday, because its so new. But other people say that customs and celebrations are always changing a

21、nd that Kwanzaa shows what is important in peoples lives .Shantelle Davis says she likes Kwanzaa because its fun. “But I also learn new things every year,” she says.16Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： A 在第三段第二行我们可以发现：超过500万的非洲裔美国人

22、每年从12月26日到1 月1日庆祝宽扎节。因此题干的表述（人们在年终庆祝宽扎节）是对的的，答案为A。17Kwanzaa is a holiday for African-Americans.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： A 从第四段前四行所述的内容中我们可以发现：为了向自己的文化和老式致敬，1966年美国人马拉那卡林加为非洲裔美国人创立了宽扎节。因此，题干的表述（宽扎节是为非洲裔美国人创立的节日）是对的的，答案为A。18Kwanzaa is a very old holiday.A Right B Wron

23、gC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： B 在第二题中我们懂得宽扎节创立于1966年，并且文中第六段第三行也提到：某些人觉得宽扎节的历史并不长远。因此，从以上两点我们可以得出结论：题干的表述（宽扎节的历史非常悠久）是错误的，答案为B。19People in Africa celebrate Kwanzaa.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：C 试题解析： C 从整篇文章中我们懂得宽扎节最初是为非洲裔美国人创立的，之后宽扎节的老式又流传到诸如加拿大、牙买加等其她国家（这一信息可以

24、从第四段最后一行得到）。但是文中并未提及非洲人民与否也庆祝宽扎节，因此这一题的题干信息（非洲人民庆祝宽扎节）并没在文中给出，答案为C。20People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： A 在第三段最后两行中，作者提到：这段时间里非洲裔美国人和家人待在一起缅怀历史和非洲的祖先。因此题干中的表述（宽扎节期间人民花诸多时间和家人待在一起）是对的的，答案为A。21Children receive presen

25、ts at the end of Kwanzaa.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： A 在第五段最后两行中，作者提到：在宽扎节的最后一夜会有一顿非洲风味的大餐，并且孩子们会收到小礼物。因此，题干的表述（孩子们在宽扎节即将结束时收到礼物）是对的的，答案为A。22Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.A Right B WrongC Not mentioned选择答案： A B C您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： B 在第六段第二行末尾，作者提到：由于宽扎

26、节的历史并不长远，某些人觉得它并不是一种真正的节日。从这里我们可以看出题干的表述（每个人都觉得宽扎节是一种重要的节日）不对的，故答案为B。概括大意与完毕句子(共8题，共8.0分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题规定从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个对的的小标题；(2)第2730题规定从所给的6个选项中选择4个对的选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。How We Form First Impression1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do

27、we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor diffe

28、rence in how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory informationthe sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against a host of “memories”

29、 stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean”.3 If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”. If you see someone new, it says, “new - potentially threatening”. Then your brain starts to match features of this str

30、anger with other “known” memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person”. Or else, “Im intrigued”. Or your brain may perceive a new face but fa

31、miliar clothes, ethnicity, gestureslike your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplisti

32、c and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interest, values, strengths, and true characterwe categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what

33、a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of thinkingand the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.23Paragraph 2 _A Ways of Departure form

34、 Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： D 本段论述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。24Par

35、agraph 3 _A Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案

36、：C 试题解析： C 本段举例阐明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段论述的内容具体化。25Paragraph 4 _A Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against MemoriesE Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jock

37、s, Geeks and Freaks选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。26Paragraph 5 _A Ways of Departure form Immature and Simplistic ImpressionsB Comment on First ImpressionC Illustration of First ImpressionD Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories

38、E Threatening Aspect of First ImpressionsF Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，理解她的生活、但愿、梦想和性格特性，我们就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，对该人的结识进入一种更深的层次。27Sensory information is one that is perceived through _.A a strangers less mature type of thinkingB the most comp

39、lex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：E 试题解析： E 选E的根据在第二段的第三句。28You interpret _ by comparing it aga

40、inst the memories already stored in your brain.A a strangers less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different f

41、orms of thinking选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：D 试题解析： D 选D的根据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs（视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等）。29The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to _.A a strangers less mature type of thinkingB the most compl

42、ex areas of our cortexC the immature form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：C 试题解析： C 选C的根据在第四段的第一句，该句是：When we stereotype people，we use a

43、 less mature form of thinking ( not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.30We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to _.A a strangers less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortexC the immatur

44、e form of thinking of a very young childD the meaning of incoming sensory informationE the sights and sounds of the worldF an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking选择答案： A B C D E F您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： B 选B的根据在第五段第二句。阅读理解(共15题，共45.0分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题背面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其背面的问题，从4个选项中选择

45、1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Seeing the World Centuries AgoIf you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and venerable history. Almost from the earliest annals of recorded time individuals h

46、ave found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales. One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, lived around the time of Christ. Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far sout

47、h as Ethiopia, he also used details gleaned from other writers to extend and enliven his accounts. His multivolumed work Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time. Two other classic travel writer

48、s, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period. Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about A. D. 1275 and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries during his travels. When Marco returned to Italy he dictated

49、his memoirs, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe, with the resulting book Il milione being an instant success. Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he says, Marcos book impelled Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration. Ibn Battutahs interest in travel b

50、egan on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325, and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway. His travel book the Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court intrigues, and even the effect of the Black Death in the various lands he visited

51、. In almost 30 years of traveling it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75, 000 miles.31This passage is mostly about_. A why people find travel writing excitingB the literary style of three early travel writersC where three early travel writers went and wrote aboutD how to write a trav

52、el book选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：C 试题解析： C 本题问的是：这篇文章重要讲了什么？A的意思是为什么人们觉得旅行写作令人激 动。B的意思是三位初期旅行作家的文学风格。C的意思是三位初期旅行作家去过的地方以及她们的写作内容。D的意思是如何写一部旅行作品。根据本文内容，C选项最符合题意。因此C是对的的答案。32Ibn Battutah traveled_.A to China B to Ethiopia C throughout the Muslim worldD for 16 or 17 years选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：C 试题解析： C 本

53、题问的是：Ibn Battutah到过哪里旅行？根据最后一段的第一句话：he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway，可知，她去过了所有穆斯林的国家。因此C是对的的答案。33The books of the three writers were popular because_.A they listed good places to stayB they told of strange and exotic localesC they explained the best routes to get to place

54、sD all of their stories were firsthand accounts选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：B 试题解析： B 本题问的是：三位作家的作品都很受欢迎，因素是什么？A的意思是她们列出了好的地方。B的意思是她们写出了陌生的外面的地方。C的意思是她们阐明了去某些地方的最佳路线。D的意思使她们的所有故事都是一手资料。根据第一段的最后一句话可知，旅行作品吸引读者的地方在于它描述了一种陌生的地方；因此，B是对的的答案。34The overall organization of this passage is through_.A chronological

55、order B spatial descriptionC travel writers personal narrativesD persuasive details选择答案： A B C D您的答案：对的答案：A 试题解析： A 本题问的是：这篇文章的而整体布局是根据什么？本文重要根据时间顺序简介了公元前后的三位作家，准时间先后顺序，因此A是对的的答案。35In this passage attest means to_. A give an examination toB draw a map ofC tell lies toD give proof of选择答案： A B C D您的答案

56、：对的答案：D 试题解析： D 本题问的是：在这篇文章中attest是什么意思？attest出目前第三段的最后一句话，为的是体现马可所说的无法被证明与否都属实。A的意思是考察。B的意思是画一张地图。C的意思是说谎。D的意思是证明。因此D是对的的答案。Human IngenuitySince the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. Tha

57、t compulsion has resulted in roboticsthe science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose pre

58、sence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo

59、-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracyfar greater precision that highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if ro

60、bots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselvesgoals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,” says Dave Lavery, manager of a r