新概念第一册语法汇总

1、新观点一共144课，此中单课为课文，双课为语法和练习。整本书是以单数课为正课，并附加有插图而双数课则是针对单数课所讲的内容有针对性地进行练习，此后出显现出整个新观点一教材差别于其余教材的独到之处。以下是对新观点一整本教材的理解和解析，以供各位对整个课本的理解和掌握上参照和借鉴。第一依据课本中出现的时态来解析：本册书的语法出现层次性和规律性是很强的，第一我们先来整本书中都出了哪些时态，这些时态的详细散布和解说时我们大家需要注意的递进性。Lesson3134此刻进行时Lesson3740第一次出现begoingto的未来时Lesson5156一般此刻时Lesson6776为一般过去式Lesson8

2、390为此刻达成时Lesson9196为一般未来时(will)Lesson117118过去进行时Lesson119120过去达成时除掉前面所有时态和句型所占有的76课我们一同来看一下以下的68课，每一课小的语言点，语法点都是在什么地方，应当用什么样的方式来解说。在这里告诉学员新观点一的每一个单课的要点都是出现双课的标题和课后的练习题里面。Lesson12语言点：与陌生人说话或惹起他人的注意。Excuseme.Yes?Pardon?Thankyouverymuch.语法点：主系表构造this为主语，名词做表语1的一般疑问句以及它的必定回答。Isthisyourhandbag?Yes,itis.L

3、esson56言点：怎样介人。ThisisMissSophieDupont.Nicetomeetyou.法点：主第三人称数的主系表构。SheisFrench.HeisGerman.ItsaVolvo.(L6)a/an的使用。Lesson78言点：怎样自我介和互相。法点：主第二人称的主系表构。AreyouFrench?Whatnationalityareyou?Whatsyourjob?特别疑句。Lesson910言点：朋友或熟的人之怎样互相候。Howareyou?法点：主系表构形容做表。介短表示地点nearthewindow,onthetelevion,onthewallLesson2930言

4、点：怎样号命令。法点：祈使句（必定）。与的固定搭配。Lesson3738言点：怎样表达将要做的事情。法点：内行begoingtodo构表达将要生的事情。Therebe句型的一般疑句形式。Lesson41-42法点：怎样表示不行数名的量。Lesson63-64言点：建忠告。法点：dontdo.YoumustntdoLesson65-66法点：详细表示法(半点和刻）。反身代。详细日期表达方式。Lesson73-74言点：路。法点：不的去式。形容成副。Lesson77-78言点：看病。法点：合表达方式。Lesson105-106言点：公室用。法点：wantsbtodo./tellsbtodo以及其否

5、认形式。Lesson103-104言点：考。法点：从句。（从句部分非在）程度副too,very,enoughLesson125-126言点：/法点：havetodo/dontneedtodoLesson127-128言点：界。法点：must/cant在事情的必定/否认猜。Lesson129-130言点：交通状况。法点：must/canthavebeen.去事情的必定/否认猜。Lesson131-132语言点：度假。语法点：may对此刻/过去事情的必定或否认猜想。以下学的知识慢慢与新二接轨：此刻达成时：Lesson8390直接引语变为间接引语：Lesson99102形容词的比较级和最高等：Les

6、son107112neither,so的用法：Lesson113114不定代词的用法：Lesson115116过去进行和过去达成时：Lesson117120定语从句：Lesson121124神态动词的综适用法：Lesson125132直接引语变间接引语：Lesson133136（侧重讲时态的倒推）if的用法：Lesson137140被动语态：Lesson141144英语中的时态一共有八种，它们是：一般此刻时、此刻进行时、一般过去时、此刻达成时、一般未来时、过去进行时、过去达成时、过去未来时。今日我们所要讲的就是第一种：一般此刻时表示一般性，常常性的动作或一般性事实。1、含有be动词的句子Hei

7、sateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isheateacher?Isthegirlverybeautiful?AreTimandJackstudents?变否认句在be动词后边加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.必定回答及否认回答Yes,heis./No,heisnot.Yes,sheis./No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.2、不含有be动词的句子

8、，即含有一般动词的句子。第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型Doeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebones?变否认句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型，原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。Hedoesntlikebooks.Shedoesntlikehim.Thedogdoesntlikebones.必定回答及否认回答：Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesntYes,it

9、does./No,itdoesnt.注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后边加S，不要和名词复数混杂，变否认句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。其余人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?变否认句在主语和动词之间加dont.Youdontwanttohaveabath.Wedonthaveanymeat.Thestudentsdontlikesmart

10、teachers.必定回答及否认回答Yes,Ido./No,Idont.Yes,wedo./No,wedontYes,theydo./No,theydont.此刻进行时表示此刻正在进行的动作组成：主语be动词动词的此刻分词其余成分Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Arewehavinglunch?Ishereadingabook?Isthedogrunningafteracat?Aretheboysswimmingacr

11、osstheriver?变否认句在be动词后边加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.特别疑问句：what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词动词主语此刻分词Whatareyoudoing?Whatisshedoing?Whatisthedogdoing?没有进行时的动词（必背）表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不可以表示正在进行的动作：表示感觉，感官的词see,hear,like,love,wanthave

12、,has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago.含有be动词的句子，将be动词变为过去式。am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were：Iwasatthebutchers.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.变疑问句将be动词挪动到句首Wereyouatthebutchers?Wereyouastudentayearago?Wastheteacher

13、verybeautifultenyearsago?变否认句在be动词后边加notIwasnotatthebutchers.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.必定回答否认回答Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.特别疑问句Whatdidyoudo?（必背）不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式：Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoa

14、restaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.变疑问句在句首加did，动词变为原型Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?Didtheboygotoarestaurant?DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?否认句在主和之加didnotIdidnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.必定回答及否认回答Yes,Idid./No,

15、Ididnt.Yes,hedid./No,hedidnt.Yes,theydid./No,theydidnot.在达成组成：主+助have,has+去分用法：1）表示去生的和在有某种系的作，常和just,usually,already,since等副用。Ihavejusthadlunch.（了，不用再吃了。）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝。）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不可以再度假了。）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已知道的内容了，不用再看了。）2）人能否做某事一般用在达成：Haveyoufinishedy

16、ourhomework?HaveyoubeentoBeijing?Haveheseenthefilm?3）表示开始于去并持到在的作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4）表示一种，：去地方，做事情，事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.（人已经回来）HehasgonetoLo

17、ndon.（人还在那边）5）表示一种结果，一般不睦时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后边加not.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.必定回答及否认回答Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot.特别疑问句Whathaveyoudone?Whathashedone?一般过去时与此刻达成时的差别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不可以再持

18、续，所以不可以和表示一段时间状语连用。错：IveleftBeijingfor3days.对：IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.一般未来时表示未来将要发生的动作，常常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehourstime,etc.表示未来的词联用。构造：主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillm

19、oveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?变否认句在助动词后边加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.必定回答及否认

20、回答Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill./No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill./No,hewillnot.特别疑问句Whatwillyoudo?过去达成时用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去达成时。构造：had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句

21、放在句首要在句子后边加逗号，假如放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework?变否认句在助动词后边加notShehadntfinishedherhomework.必定回答及否认回答Yes,shehad./No,shehadnt.特别疑问句Whathadshedone?过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，常常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。构造：was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Th

22、eirfatherwaswatchingTVwhiletheywerehavingdinner.变疑问句将be动词移到句首WastheirfatherwatchingTVwhiletheywerehavingdinner.变否认句在be动词后边加notTheirfatherwasnotwatchingTVwhiletheywerehavingdinner.过去未来时构造：woulddoShesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.两个特别句型：therebe句型，begoingto构造1）Begoingto构造表示打算，准备，计划做某事构造：主语+be动词+going

23、to+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?Aretheygoingtopaintit?Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?变否认句在be动词后边加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogiveth

24、ebookcasetohisdaughter.必定回答及否认回答Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.Yes,heis./No,heisnot.特别疑问句（必背）Whatareyougoingtodo?Whataretheygoingtodo?Whatisthefathergoingtodo?2）Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西（某处有某物）Thereis单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）Th

25、erearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Isthereabookinthisroom?Aretheretwopensonthetable?变否认句在动词后边加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.必定回答及否认回答Yes,thereis./No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare./No,therearenot.问句：一般疑问句，特别疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否认疑问句1）一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+

26、主语Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2）特别疑问句：特别疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?3）选择疑问句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4）反意疑问句：必定陈说句+否认疑问部分，否认陈说部分+必定疑问部分Youdontneedthatpen,doyou?5）否认疑问句：一般疑问句+否认词Arentyoulucky?Dontyouwanthavearest?限制词：some,any,many,much?some,any修饰可数名词或不行数名词，some用于必定句，any用于否认句和疑问句。注意：当期望对方的答案为必定回答

27、时用some。Ihavesomemilk.Idonthaveanymilk.MayIhavesomemilk?many修饰可数名词，much修饰不行数名词。在口语中表示“好多”一般不用many,much,而用alotof,在否认句中表示“好多”用many,much。Ihavealotofmoney.Idonthavemuchmoney.名词名词分为可数名词和不行数名词：）不行数名词没法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness不行数名词有以下特色：不可以用a,an修饰；不可以加s；和单数be动词或动词搭配。）可数名词单数可

28、数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后边加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化：规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般状况+se.g.shellshellsbookbooks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches,busbuses,watchwatches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potatopotatoes,NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes，（口诀：黑人英豪爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s,radioradios规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves,

29、shelfshelves,citycities,wifewives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesflyflies不规则变化的名词复数形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet）goose（geese）tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep）deer（deer）mouse（mice）fish（fish）副词副词能够修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.副词变

30、化形式：直接在形容词后加-ly：careful-carefully,slow-slowly以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i,加-ly：happy-happily,lucky-luckily有些词形容词和副词的形式同样，不需要做任何变化：fast,hard,late有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly,high-highly,late-lately神态动词的使用1）神态动词can（能够），must（一定），may（能够）构造：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglis

31、h.变疑问句将神态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?变否认句在神态动词后边加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.必定回答及否认回答Yes,hecan./No,hecannot.Yes,shecan./No,shecannot.Yes,wecan./No,wecannot.特别疑问句：（必背）Whatcanyoudo?注意：神态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在神态动词或动词后边加s。2）must/haveto的差

32、别must表示一定，是主观上感觉应当做，haveto是不得不，是因为客观条件强迫的必要要做must只好用在表示此刻和未来的句子里，而havetodo能够用在任何时态3）must,may,might表示猜想：mustdo表示对此刻事实的猜想musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜想musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜想may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依照的猜想，might的可能性更小。4）cant/couldnt表示不行能need的用法表示“需要”时为实意动词，后边能够加名词，也能够加不定式：Ineedapen.Doyoune

33、edanybeer?No,Idont.Ineedtohavearest.Needdoing=needtobedone（表示被动）Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.花需要浇水。need在否认时做神态动词使用：Youneedntgosoearly.(=Youdontneedtogosoearly.)MustIcleanthedeskrightnow?No,youneednt.不定代词及不定副词some,any,no,every-thing:something,anything,nothing,everything-one:someo

34、ne,anyone,anything,everyone-where:somewhere,anywhere,anywhere,everywhere-body:somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody例子：1）Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcantfinditanywhere.2）Ifyouwanttogosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.3）Help!Somebody?Anybody?4）Youarereallysomething.你真了不起！（口语中常用something来表示“真

35、像回事儿”，“真行”的意思）5）Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourclass.6）Wheredidyougo?Iwentnowhere.7）Nobodyisathome.叹息句：1）What+名词+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Whattallbuildingstheyare!2）How+形容词+主语+谓语Howbeautifulthegirlis!Howtallthebuildingsare!在口语中，叹息句的主语和谓语常常省略：Whatanicepresent!（省略itis）Howdisappointed!（省略sheis或其余

36、可作本句主、谓的词语）祈使句表示恳求、命令、建议、邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中往常不用主语，句末用惊讶好或许句号，用降调。必定句：动词原型Comehere,please.Godownstairs,please.Standup.Sitdown.Bequiet.Becareful.祈使句中假如有唤语，必定要用逗号分开，放在句首或许句尾：Comein,Amy.Sitdownhere,Tom.Mary,givemeabookplease.否认：Dont+动词原型Dontcomehere.Dontsitdown.Dontstandup.Dontgivemeit.letsb.do让某人做Letmep

37、ass.Letushavearest.Letshavearest.反意疑问：Letshaveawalkalongtheriver,shallwe?Letusgooutforadrink,willyou?倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg:Hecanswim.SocanI.Ididntgotoclass.NeitherdidI.构造：so/neither+be+主语so/neither+助动词+主语so/neither+神态动词+主语助动词：一般此刻时:do,does/am,is,are此刻进行时:am,is,are一般过去时:did此刻达成时:have,has一般未来时:will,shal

38、l过去进行时:was,were过去达成时:had过去未来时:would直接引语/间接引语假如引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地址及指示词1）时态变化：一般此刻时一般过去时此刻进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去达成时此刻达成时过去达成时一般未来时过去未来时begoingtowas/weregoingto/wouldcan-couldmay-might2）地址及指示的化：here-there,tomorrow-thenextday,thefollowingday,this-that3）人称化：依据句意改人称。4）直接/接主及物接直接直接是及物的直接象，接是及物的作

39、所波及的人或事，也能够接表示作是做的，或许是做的。所以接要用名或许格代来担当。Hegivesmeabook.（me接，abook直接）直接和接的地点要加一个介to或for：主及物直接介接Givemeabook.=Givethebooktome.Sendhimaletter.=Sendalettertohim.Showhimthenewdress.=Showthenewdresstohim.1）代及be主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名性代mineoursyours

40、yourshers/his/itstheirsbe在Amareareareisarebe去waswerewerewerewaswere）名词的复数规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般状况+se.g.shellshellstoytoys规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.foxfoxeschurchchurches规则3以o结尾s或+ese.g.radioradiospotatopotatoes规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.lifeliveshalfhalves规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.skyskiesstudystudies）动词的第三人称单数形式

41、规则1一般状况+se.g.like-likes,look-looks规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.do-does,catch-catches规则3以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.carry-carries,fly-flies）动词此刻分词规则1一般动词加-inge.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing规则2以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-inge.g.make-making,take-taking,arrive-arriving规则3重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，后来紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-inge.g.run-running,sit-sitting,get-getting,swim-swimming,stop-stopping）动词过去式规则动词变化规则1一般动词加-ede.g.look-looked,watch-watched,play-played规则2以e结尾的加-de.g.make-mak