新概念英语第四册课堂笔记

1、新概念英语第四册课堂笔记1fossilman（化石人）WhyarelegendshandeddownbystorytellersusefulWecanreadofthingsthathappened5,000yearsagointheNearEast,wherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherearesomepartsoftheworldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistoryistorecountitassagas-legendshandeddownfrom

2、onegenerationofstorytellerstoanother.Theselegendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongago,butnonecouldwritedownwhattheydid.AnthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestorsofthePolynesianpeoplesnowlivinginthePacificIslandscamefrom.Thesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsome

3、ofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2,000yearsago.Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagas,iftheyhadany,areforgotten.Soarchaeologistshaveneitherhistorynorlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirstmodernmencamefrom.Fortunately,however,ancientmenmadetoolsofstone,especiallyflint,becau

4、sethisiseasiertoshapethanotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodandskins,butthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecay,andsothetoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.【Newwordsandexpression生词和短语】fossilmanadj.化石人recountv.叙述sagan.英雄故事legendn.传说，传奇migrationn.迁移，移居

5、anthropologistn.人类学家archaeologistn.考古学家ancestorn.祖先Polynesianadj.波利尼西亚（中太平洋之一群岛）的Indonesian.印度尼西亚flintn.燧石rotn.烂掉【课文注释】down把.传下去例句：Manyoldlegendswerehandeddownfromgenerationbymouth.许多古老的传说都是一代一代口传下来了。of,读到，和readabout是相同的意思。谈到：speakof，talkof了解到：knowof听到：hearoffirstpeople，原始人people+s表示民族theyhadany:即便是

6、有，表假设例句：Hisrelatives,ifhehadany,neverwenttovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.他的亲戚，即便他还有的话，在他住院时也从来不去看他。eventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace，这个以when弓I导的状语从句表示让步的意思，而when可以译成“虽然，“尽管。参考译文】我们从书籍中可读到5,000年前近东发生的事情，那里的人最早学会了写字。但直到现在,世界上有些地方，人们还不会书写。他们保存历史的唯一办法是将历史当作传说讲述，由讲述人一代接一代地将史实描述为传

7、奇故事口传下来。人类学家过去不清楚如今生活在太平洋诸岛上的波利尼西亚人的祖先来自何方，当地人的传说却告诉人们：其中一部分是约在2,000年前从印度尼西亚迁来的。但是，和我们相似的原始人生活的年代太久远了，因此，有关他们的传说既使有如今也失传了。于是，考古学家们既缺乏历史记载，又无口头传说来帮助他们弄清最早的“现代人”是从哪里来的。然而，幸运的是，远古人用石头制作了工具，特别是用燧石，因为燧石较之其他石头更容易成形。他们也可能用过木头和兽皮，但这类东西早已腐烂殆尽。石头是不会腐烂的。因此，尽管制造这些工具的人的骨头早已荡然无存，但远古时代的石头工具却保存了下来。【作业时间】我们为大家提供了两种主

8、流英语发音的音频，请大家下载自己喜欢的一种，放到MP3里反复听！（刚开始练习英语听力和口语最好选定一种学习，不要英音美音混淆哦！）*背诵、并默写今天的课文。实在没有时间的同学就抄写一遍吧。（希望大家多多开口，我会帮大家做点评，可能偶尔会稍有点儿晚，还请见谅哈）用今天学到的单词或句型造句一个。Lesson2Sparethatspider不要伤害蜘蛛Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingquestion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。HowmuchofeachyeardospidersspendkillinginsectsWhy,youmaywonder,should

9、spidersbeourfriendsBecausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeati

10、nsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheharmtousorourbelongings.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglance,foraspideralwayshaseightlegsandinsec

11、tnevermorethansix.HowmanyspidersareengagedinthisworknoourbehalfOneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersingrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre;thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinki

12、llinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.T.H.GILLESPLESparetha

13、tspiderfromTheListenerNewwordsandexpressionsBeastn.野兽Censusn.统计数字Acren.英亩Contentadj.满足的本文参考译文你可能会觉得奇怪，蜘蛛怎么会是我们的朋友呢因为它们能消灭那么多的昆虫，其中包括一些人类的大敌，要不是人类受一些食虫动物的保护，昆虫就会使我们无法在地球上生活下去，昆虫会吞食我们的全部庄稼，杀死我们的成群的牛羊。我们要十分感谢那些吃昆虫的鸟和兽，然而把它们所杀死的昆虫全部加在一起也只相当于蜘蛛所消灭的一小部分。此外，蜘蛛不同于其他食虫动物，它们丝毫不危害我们和我们的财物。许多人认为蜘蛛是昆虫，但它们不是昆虫，甚至

14、与昆虫毫无关系。人们几乎一眼就能看出二者的差异，因为蜘蛛都是8条腿，而昆虫的腿从不超过6条。有多少蜘蛛在为我们效力呢一位研究蜘蛛的权威对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛作了一次调查。他估计每英亩草坪里有225万多只蜘蛛。这就是说，在一个足球场上约有600万只不同种类的蜘蛛。蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆虫。它们一年中消灭了多少昆虫，我们简直无法猜测，它们是吃不饱的动物，不满意一日三餐。据估计，在英国蜘蛛一年里所消灭昆虫的重量超过这个国家人口的总重量。【新概念英语四】第3课Matterhornman马特霍恩山区人听录音，然后回答以下问题。Whatwasthemainobjectiveofearlymounta

15、inclimbersModernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainsbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsport,andthemoredifficultitis,themorehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdays,however,thiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingfortheeasiestwaytothetop,becausethesummitwastheprizetheysought,especiallyifitandneverbeenatta

16、inedbefore.Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangersofthemostperilousnature,equippedinamannerwithwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethought,/bbuttheydidnotgooutoftheirway/btocourtsuchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,asolitarygoal-thetop!Itishardforustorealizenowadayshowdiff

17、icultitwasforthepioneers.ExceptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermattandChamonix,whichhadrapidlybecomepopular,Alpinevillagetendedtobeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffromcivilizationbythehighmountains.Suchinnsasthereweregenerallydirtyandflea-ridden;thefoodsimplylocalcheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwelvemonthsold,

18、allwasheddownwithcoarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoinnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwherevertheycould-sometimeswiththelocalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoorashisparishioners),sometimeswithshepherdsorcheese-makers.Invariablythebackgroundwasthesame:dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortable.Formenaccustomedtoeatingsev

19、en-coursedinnersandsleepingbetweenfinelinensheetsathome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthavebeenveryhardindeed.WALTERUNSWORTHMatterhornManNewwordsandexpressions生词和短语】Matterhornn.马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境）Alpinistn.登山运动员pioneerv.开辟，倡导；n.先锋，开辟者summitn.顶峰attainv.到达perilousadj.危险的shudderv.不寒而栗courtv.追求solitaryadj.唯

20、一的impoverishv.使贫困Alpineadj.阿尔卑斯山的flea-riddenadj.布满跳蚤的coarseadj.粗劣的boastv.自恃有parishionern.教区居民shepherdn.牧羊人linenn.亚麻布床单theAlpsn.阿尔卑斯山脉【新概念英语四】第4课Seeinghands能看见东西的手HowdidVeradiscovershehadthisgiftofsecondsightSeveralcaseshavebeenreportedinRussiarecentlyofpeoplewhocanreadanddetectcolourswiththeirfinger

21、s,andevenseethroughsoliddoorsandwalls.Onecaseconcernsaneleven-year-oldschoolgirl,VeraPetrova,whohasnormalvisionbutwhocanalsoperceivethingswithdifferentpartsofherskin,andthroughsolidwalls.Thisabilitywasfirstnoticedbyherfather.Onedayshecameintohisofficeandhappenedtoputherhandsonthedoorofalockedsafe.Su

22、ddenlysheaskedherfatherwhyhekeptsomanyoldnewspaperslockedawaythere,andevendescribedthewaytheyweredoneupinbundles.VerascurioustalentwasbroughttothenoticeofascientificresearchinstituteinthetownofUlyanovsk,nearwhereshelives,andinAprilshewasgivenaseriesoftestsbyaspecialcommissionoftheMinistryofHealthoft

23、heRussianFederalRepublic.Duringthesetestsshewasabletoreadanewspaperthroughanopaquescreenand,strangerstill,bymovingherelbowoverachildsgameofLottoshewasabletodescribethefiguresandcoloursprintedonit;and,inanotherinstance,wearingstockingsandslippers,tomakeoutwithherfoottheoutlinesandcoloursofapicturehid

24、denunderacarpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatherkneesandshouldershadasimilarsensitivity.DuringallthesetestsVerawasblindfold;and,indeed,exceptwhenblindfoldshelackedtheabilitytoperceivethingswithherskin.Itwasalsofoundthatalthoughshecouldperceivethingswithherfingersthisabilityceasedthemomentherhandswerewe

25、t.ERICDEMAUNYSeeinghandsfromTheListener【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】solidadj.坚实的safen.保险柜ulyanovskn.乌里扬诺夫斯克commissionn.委员会opaqueadj.不透明的lotton.一种有编号的纸牌slippern.拖鞋blindfoldadj.&adv.被蒙上眼睛的ofpeoplewhocanread.,这个定语从句用来修饰主语cases,由于太长，因此被移至谓语之后。throughsolidwalls与withdifferentpartsofherskin并列，作perceive的状语。

26、perceivethings辨认东西。perceive表示注意到、观察到、辨认出某事物。例句：丨perceivedachangeinhisbehaviour/thathisbehaviourhadchanged.我发觉他的行为有些变化。percievesthassth表示理解或领悟某事物。例句：丨perceivedhiscommentasachallenge.我认为他的批评是对我的激励。locksomethingaway，把某物锁起来。lockup（给门窗）上锁；lock.in.把锁在；lockontosth追踪目标doup,捆，包，也表示收拾。例句：Atcamp,theboyshavetod

27、ouptheirowncabins.在营地，男孩们不得不自己打扫小屋。bring.tothenoticeof，弓I起某人注意。例句：ItwasSusanwhobroughttheproblemtoournotice.是苏珊提醒我们注意那个问题的。takenoticeof表示注意，留心。例句：Pleasetakenoticeofmyannouncement.请注意听我的通知。exceptwhenblindfold，其中when之后省略了shewas。themomentherhandswerewet，这是一个时间状语从句,themoment有“一.就.”的意思，省略了when。例句：Themeom

28、entwhenIgothome,itstartedtorain.我刚到家，外面就开始下雨了。【参考译文】俄罗斯最近报导了几个事例，有人能用手指看书识字和辨认颜色，甚至能透过厚实的门和墙看到东西。其中有一例谈到有一个名叫维拉.彼托洛娃的11岁学生。她的视力与常人一样，但她还能用皮肤的不同部位辨认东西，甚至看穿坚实的墙壁。是她父亲首先发现她这一功能的。一天，维拉走进父亲的办公室，偶然把手放在一个锁着的保险柜的门上，她突然问父亲为什么把这么多的旧报纸锁在柜子里，还说了报纸捆扎的情况。维拉的特异功能引起了她家附近乌里扬诺夫斯克城一个科研单位的注意。4月里，俄罗斯卫生部一个特别委员会对她进行了一系列的测

29、试。在这些测试中，她能隔着不透明的屏幕读报纸。更为奇怪的是，她把肘部在儿童玩的“罗托”纸牌上移动一下，便能说出印在纸牌上的数字和颜色。还有一次，她穿着长筒袜子和拖鞋，能用脚步识别出藏在地毯下面的一幅画的轮廓和颜色。其他实验表明，她的膝盖和双肩有类似的感觉能力，在所有这些实验中，维拉的双眼都是蒙着的。如果不蒙上双眼她的皮肤就不再具有识别物体的能力。这是千真万确的。同时还发现，尽管她能用手指识别东西，但她的手一旦弄湿，这种功能便会立即消失。第5课Youth青年英音课文朗读】点击下载此音频美音课文朗读】点击下载此音频课文】Firstlistenandthenanswerthefollowingque

30、stion.听录音，然后回答以下问题。HowdoesthewriterliketotreatyoungpeoplePeoplearealwaystalkingabouttheproblemofyouth.Ifthereisone-whichItakeleavetodoubt-thenitisolderpeoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeings-peoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyone

31、differencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:andmaybethatiswheretherubis.WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertain-thatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem

32、.Foronething,beingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseems

33、tometolinkthemwithlife,andtheoriginsofthings.Itsasiftheywere,insomesense,cosmicbeingsinviolentandlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceited,ill-mannered,presumptuousorfatuous,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectforelders-asifmereage

34、wereareasonforrespect.Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,ifIthinkheiswrong.FIELDENHUGHESfromOutoftheAir,TheListene【Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语】leaven.允许fundamentalsn.基本原则gloriousadj.光辉灿烂的splendidadj.灿烂的rubn.难题identityn.身份drearyadj.沉郁的commitmentn.信奉meanadj.吝啬，小气socialclimber追求更高社会地位的，向上爬的人devotionn.热爱cosmicadj.宇宙的suburbanadj.见识不广的，偏狭的conceitedadj.自高自大的presumptuousadj.自以为是的，放肆的fatuousadj.愚蠢的clichen.陈词滥调whichItakeleavetodoubt,这是一个插入成分，用两个破折号与句子的主要部分分开。takeleavetodosth.是