高中英语中的10种动词时态解析

1、英语中的动词有时态(Tense)要求。所谓“时”,即动作发生的时间；“态”，即动作的方式状态。“时”有四种：此刻时，过去时，未来时，过去未来时；“态”也有四种：一般式，进行式，达成式，达成进行式。所以，英语中一共有16种时态。常用的时态有9种，过去时此刻时未来时一般式一般过去时（did）一般此刻时（do,does）一般将来时（will+do;begoingto+do）进行式过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时was/were+do-ing）（am/is/are+do-ing）（will/shall/is,aregoingtobedo-ing）达成式过去达成时（haddone）此刻达成时（haveha

2、sdone）未来达成时（shall/will+havedone）二.新课解说1.一般过去时（thePastSimple）用法(uses)表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状况。如：Heworkedinabankallhislife.HediscoveredadesertislandinthePcific.Thesafariwasexcitingbutdangerous.Iknewwhathemeant.TheyalwaysinterviewednewemployeesonFridays.形式（form）即动词的过去式，分两种状况，一种是在动词结尾加ed或ied，这类动词称为规则动词，另一种不可以加

3、，形式多样，称为不规则动词。规则动词：a.一般状况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwant-wantedact-actedb.以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-moveddecide-decideddecline-declinedhope-hopedjudge-judgedraise-raisedwipe-wipedc.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变成-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcopy-copiedjustify-justifiedcry-criedcarry-carried

4、embody-embodiedempty-emptiedd.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stoppedbeg-beggeddrag-draggeddrop-droppedplan-planneddrip-dripped不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew(3)一般过去时的时间状语PastSimpleandTimeAdverbials以下时间状语常和一般过去时连用：yesterday,lastmonth,lastMonday,twoda

5、ysago,threeyearsago等等。即在句子中出现这样的词语时，要注意句子的谓语动词用一般过去时。Ifinallypassedthedrivingtestlastweek.（4）一般过去时的疑问式和否认式：一般过去时的疑问句和否认句用did和didnt+动词原形。如：Didyouseethematchlastnight?Wedidntseethebeginningofthemoviebecausewewerelate.2.一般此刻时（PresentSimple）(1)用法uses表示频频发生的动作，平时活动，习惯等。如：Ialwaystakesugarincoffee.Idontsmo

6、ke.Marywearsaponytail.表示一般的真谛或永远性的状态。如：Waterfreezesat32Fahrenheit.Wehaveaverygoodrelationshipwithourparents.Heresembleshisfather.表示未来的官方事件或不变的时间表。如：TheChineseSpringFestivalfallsonaFridaynextyear.Thelastfilmshowbeginsat9p.m.形式（Form）陈说句中，除第三人称单数外，谓语动词都用原形。如：IliveinNanyang.TheyusuallywatchTVprogrammeso

7、nSaturdayevening.b.陈说句中，主语为第三人称单数要加-s或-es(以y结尾的y变i(thirdpersonsingular)，谓语动词的结尾加-es)。什么是第三人称单数？要知足两个条件，第一是第三人称，如she,he,they,it,John,myfather是单数，即表示一个人或物，比方he,she,it,John,myfather他们，是复数，多个人，不是单数。如：等等；第二等等，而theyShehurriestoworkeverymorning.Heputsonspecialequipmentwhenhedives.c.在疑问句，否认句或简单答语中，用doDoesyo

8、urmothertravelalot?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.或does。如：Wedontlikeextremesports.Marydoesntunderstandwhyriskisexciting.d.一般此刻时的时间状语（PresentSimpleandtimeadverbials）句子中假如有以下词语（时间状语），谓语动词常要用一般此刻时。always,usually,regularly,everymorning/day/night/week/year,often,sometimes,occasionally,fromtimetotime,twiceawee

9、k,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardlyever,never.等等IknowthatIdoputpeopledownoccasionally.Heregularlyswimsandplaystennis.Somepeoplenevergoonadventureholidays.Fromtimetotime,Idreamaboutbecomingamillionaire.3.一般未来时（theFutureIndefinite）(1)用法uses依照看法或信念揣摩未来。如：Shewillmakeagoodlawyer.YouwillmakegreatprogressinE

10、nglishstudyifyoufollowmyadviceandtakepersistentefforts.IthinkChinawillbecomearichcountryoneday.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthematch.表示说话时瞬时做出的决定，可能是建议或企图。如：表表示向、许诺和建议。如：表示恳求、邀请。如：依照此刻看到的迹象对未来事件做出推测。如：Lookattheclouds;itsgoingtorain.Heisgoingtowinthematch.表示要做某事的主观企图。如：形式（Form）will+动词原形(a,b,c,d);begoingto+动词原

11、形（e,f）.beto+动词原形。如：TheyaretobemarriedinJune.ThePrimeMinisteristovisitChinanextmonth.ThebridgeistobeopentotrafficonOct.1.4.过去进行时（PastContinuous）用法（uses）过去一段时间内的连续动作。如：描述故事发生的背景或状态。如：Hewassleepingunderatreewhenthestormbegan.Weweretalkingquietlyatthebarwhenafightbrokeout.过去进行时和一般过去时用于同一个句子时，过去进行时描述故事发生

12、的背景，过去时说明该事件。如：Intheend,Iwasstandingthereinastateofshockwhenapolicemanaskedmeformynameandaddress.HewashavinglunchwhentheearthquakewasreportedonTV.形式（Form）was/were+动词-ing.如：Hewasworkinginthegardenalthoughitwasraininghard.Thetrapezeartistwaspreparingheract.Wasthetrapezeartistpreparingheract?Thetrapeze

13、artistwasntpreparingheract.5.此刻进行时（PresentContinuous）(1)用法uses表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：Excuseme,youaresittinginmyseat.Myagentiswaitingforme,Ihavetogo.WearestudyingEnglishnow.b.表示一准时间段内常常进行的动作（临时的平时活动或习惯）。如：WeareeatingalotofseafoodhereinSpain.Wearestrugglingwithbackwardnessandpoverty.已经确立或安排好的未来活动。如：(2).形式form

14、am,is,are+动词-ing.Iamstayingataluxurioushotelbythesea.Grandpaisforgettingthingsnowadays.AretheyplanningtospendtheirholidaysinCorsica?(3).此刻进行时的时间状语（PresentContinuousandtimeadverbials）常有的有：just,now,atthemoment,atpresent.这些时间状语可放在be和v-ing之间，能够放在句尾，也能够放在句首。Iamjustdrivingtowork.Wearehavingameetingatthemo

15、ment/now/atpresent.Atpresent,manyscientistsarelookingforintelligentformsoflifeoutsidetheEarth.(4)动词-ing的拼写规则a.一般状况下直接加ing,如：think-thinkingsleep-sleepingspeak-speakingb.动词词尾是辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾的，去掉字母e，再加ingwake-wakingmake-makingcome-comingtake-takingleave-leavinghave-havingc.以重读闭音节结尾，体现“辅，元，辅”构造的动词，先双写末端的

16、辅音字母，再加ing。begin，cut,get,hit,run,set,sit,spit,stop,swim,beg,drop,fit,nod,dig,forget,regret,rid,put,travel等。d.以y结尾的动词,直接加ingcarrycarryingenjoyenjoyingstudy-studyinge.以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying6.未来进行时（FutureContinuous）will/begoingto+be+动词-ing.Thistimetomorrow,wewillbecrossingtheAtlantic.W

17、edbettermovethediningtableintothekitchen.Wewillbeeatingthereduringthewinter.7.过去达成时（thePastPerfect）过去达成时表示过去某一时间或动作从前已经发生或达成了的动作.它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”.Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazinehehadlongexpected.当她终于收到她期望已久的杂志时,她喜悦得两眼闪光.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself

18、.12岁时,爱迪生就开始自己糊口.过去达成时的用法过去达成时的主要用法和此刻达成时同样.不一样的是,过去达成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间从前,与此刻没关.（1）过去达成时表示在过去某一时间或动作从前已经达成了的动作.这个过去的时间状语有by,before等介词短语或when,before等指引的从句.Helenhadleftherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了,所以她不得不等她丈夫回来.Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadalreadybegun.当我们抵达电影院时,电

19、影已经开始了.HetoldmethathehadvisitedtheGreatWallbefore.他告诉我他从前观光过长城.Bytheendofthematch,theyhadkicked2goals,andwehadkicked4.竞赛结束时,他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.杰克抵达后得悉玛丽走了近一个小时了.（2）表示动作在过去某一时间从前开始,向来连续到过去的这一时间,并且还可能连续下去的动作,常和for,since组成的短语或指引的从句连用.Thenewscameasno

20、surprisetome.Ihadknownforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.听到这个信息我其实不感觉惊讶.工厂要破产这件事我早就知道了.BythetimeIlefttheschool,hehadtaughttheclassfor3years.到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.Hesaidhehadmadegreatprogresssincehecamehere.他说自从他来这里他已经获得了很大进步.（3）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚构条件从句或在asif从句中表示与过去事实相反。如：Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewou

21、ldhaveaskedyouaboutit.若是他昨天看到你,他就会问你这件事了.IshouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourtelephonenumber.若是我过去知道你的电话号码,我就给你打电话了.Hedescribedthesceneasifhehadbeenthere.他描述的风景仿佛他去过那边同样.HadIknownthatyouwantedthebook,Iwouldhavesentit.假如我知道你要这本书,我会送来的.8.此刻达成时（thePresentPerfect）发生在过去但对此刻有影响的动作。如：topenthedoor)Ilostmykey

22、s.Ihavelostmykeys.(Ican丢钥匙的动作发生在过去，即钥匙已经丢了。Herlastbookhasbeenagreatsuccess.(sheisaIhavewalkedacrosstheAmazonjungle.(ItdoesnIdidthat.)Haveyouevereatensweetpotatoes?IhaveoftendreamtaboutgoingtotheSouthPole.well-knownpersonnow.)tmatterwhenexactly（2）表示到此刻为止已经达成的动作或存在的状态。常和always,since,for,allmylife等时间状语

23、连用。如：IhavebeenofferedascholarshipatauniversityinCanadaformyfurthereducation.Mr.WanghasleftBeijingforNewYork.Herfatherhasrecoveredfromhisillness.Ihavealwayslovedtravel.Howlonghaveyoubeenatravelwriter?Ihaveknownhimsince2008.形式（form）have/has+动词过去分词Hehashadthiscoughforalongtime.Haveyoufinishedyourhomewo

24、rk?Hasnthedecidedwhattodo?Theyhaventseeneachotherfortenyears.规则动词的过去分词形式和过去式形式同样，不规则动词的过去分词和过去式有些略有差别。（3）此刻达成时及其时间状语（PresentPerfectandtimeadverbials）a.before,ever,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,just往常放在has/have以后，有时也放在句尾。如：Haveyoueverthoughtaboutbecominganarchitect?WeveneverheardthestoryofRipV

25、anWinklebefore?Ihaveoftentriedtostudyviolin,alwayswithunsuccessfulresults.b.already往常用于必定句have/has以后，yet往常用于疑问句和否认句的句尾。如：Ihavealreadyrepairedmybike.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Ihaventfinishedmylunchyet.c.for,since,allmylife.for表示动作连续的时间。如：Ihavelivedinthistownfor17years.Ihaventseenherforages.since

26、表示动作开始的时间点。如：Wehaveknowneachothersincewewereatprimaryschool.9.未来达成时（theFuturePerfectshall/will+havedone）表示在未来某一时间从前已达成的动作,并常常对未来某一时间产生影响.Pickmeupat8oclock,Iwillhavehadbreakfastbythen.清晨8点钟你来接我,到时我已经吃完早餐了.Wewillhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.到这个学期末,我们将学完12个单元.BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleaned

27、thehousefromtoptobottom.你到家从前我将把房屋完全打扫一遍.Weshallhavefinishedtherepairstoyourcarbytomorrowmorning.Itwillbereadyforyouat11oclock.Bytomorrowmorning,theweatherwillhaveclearedup.(2)表示推测,相当于musthavedone构造.Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.我想你已经听闻过这件事了.Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.我相信他必定会获得这个信息.Theywereh

28、usbandandwifeforfiveyears.Shewonthaveforgottenhim.Theboyisverysmart.Bythetimeheis18yearsold,hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematicsallbyhimself.表示某种状态向来连续到说话人所说起的时间.WewillhavebeenmarriedayearonJune25th.到6月25日我们俩成婚就满1年了.过去未来时过去未来常常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作，也可表示未能实现的过去未来时间的动作.was/were（not）goingto+动词原形；would（not）+动词原

29、形;与一般过去时的组成同样，只要把助动词shall,will,或be改为相应的过去式should，would,was/were即可。(1)would+动词原形组成过去未来时,常表示依据计划或安排马上发生的事.如：Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他说他要来看我.HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告诉我他将去北京.（2）was/were+goingto+动词原形也可表示依据计划或安排马上发生的事.Shesaidshewasgoingtostartatonce.她说她将立刻出发.Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告诉我他

30、准备回家.3）was/were+goingto+动词原形还可表示依据当时状况判断有可能但不必定会发生某事.如：Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.看来仿佛要下雨.此刻达成时与一般过去时的差别（1）句子中有确立的过去时间的状语，应当用一般过去时。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.此刻达成时经过达成了的过去的动作重申对此刻状况的影响。表示动作对此刻的影响是这一时态的重要特色。一般此刻时只单单说明过去某时发生的某动作，不表示与此刻的联系。如：Ihavelostmykey.Ilostmykeyyesterday.Hehasinjuredhisankle.Heinjuredhi

31、sanklethismorning.此刻达成时的时间视未达成的或许说话时刚才完了的一段时间，包含说话时间在内。而一般过去时是已经终结了的成为过去的时间，与此刻没关。如：HehaslivedinShanghaisinceheleftschool.HelivedinShanghaiuntilhewas16.Ihaveseenhimthreetimesthismorning.Isawhimthreetimesthismorning.典型例题1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe_hereanymore.A.hasntlivedB.didntliveC.hadntlivedD.

32、doesntlive【分析】此题考察动词的时态。其句意为“这所房屋是我阿姨的，但她（此刻）不住这儿了。”指的是此刻的居住状况，故D项切合。【命题立意】时态题要依照句中出现的动词的时态或时间状语来判断。2._leaveattheendofthismonth.Idontthinkyoushoulddothatuntil_anotherjob.A.Imgoingto;youdfoundB.Imgoingto;youvefoundC.Ill;youllfindD.Ill;youdfind【分析】begoingto按计划，打算将要做某事。此句意为“我打算在这个月底走开。”“我以为在你没有找到另一份工作从

33、前你不该当走开。”【答案】B【命题立意】此题是对时态基本用法的考察。Wheredidyouputthecarkeys?Oh,I_putthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI_in.A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascomingC.remember;cameD.remember;wascoming【分析】remember是说话者说话时的思想活动，应用一般此刻时。remember宾语从句的内容发生在从前，故用过去时态。【答案】C【命题立意】此题考察时态的基本用法，做题时要将自己融入题目，身临其境。Theyounggirlsittin

34、gnexttomeontheplanewasverynervous.She_before.A.hadntflownB.didntflyC.hadntflownD.wasntflying【分析】作生在wasnervous从前【答案】C【命立意】本考去达成。5._myglasses?Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen【分析】在达成可表去生的事情在生的影响或果，人以的可作焦虑的心情。故答案D。6.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltim

35、es.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet7.Doyouknowourtownatall?No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amgoing【分析】依据this/itisthefirst/second/timesb.hasdonesth.B。又如：ThisisthesecondtimehehasvisitedtheGreatWall.句型，可定答案的精1.Whatwouldyoudoifit_tomorrow?Wehavetocarryiton,sincewevegoteverythingready.A.ra

36、inB.rainsC.willrainD.israining2.Theherosstory_differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.wasreportingC.reportsD.reported3.Althoughmedicalscience_controloverseveraldangerousworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved4.Ifwe_nowtoprotecttheenvironment,welllivetoregretit.A.hadnt