宗教研究与人文精神的理解课件

1、宗教研究与人文精神的理解问题扩展自说自话的乐趣与困境Humanism & Religious StudiesIrrational& Modernity, Belief & Ration, Scientific & TestableMysterious & Miraculous, Weird &DailyAcademy & Believer, Induction & Reduction of ConversionTheology, Belief & Knowledge called Religious StudiesSacredness & Church, Sacredness& Hieroph

2、any宗教学与神学(Theology) 不是一回事。宗教学是一门“世俗学问”，跟神学不相干。神学是在某个特定的宗教体系内研究神的本质，神与人的关系，信仰的本质等等。宗教学研究的是宗教信仰的本质，宗教的来源(心理的，社会的，历史的等等)，其社会功能，心理功能等等，宗教史也可以算在宗教学内。 宗教学的研究目的不是为了证明某种宗教优于别种宗教，也不是站在无神论的立场上反宗教。从宗教学的角度来看，任何一种宗教都是人类文化现像，是人类共同的文化创造，都有研究价值。研究宗教是为了尽可能全面地了解它，跟人类学，社会学等人文学科一样。宗教经验在人类众多经验之中的确具有其独特、自主及自足存在的性质；宗教经验的核

3、心乃是在于人与超越者之间的一种感通关系宗教经验分别存在于其他日常世俗或理性的活动范围；宗教理解的工作首先不能将宗教信仰者的经验约化，必须是要从宗教信仰者本身的观点出发，同情地理解他们的宗教经验（与超越者相遇的经验），以及由他们的宗教经验而产生的各种存在于他们生活之中的意义宗教研究的合法性问题Collective Concept, Definition created by DefiningDefinition within Academic and Cultural Context, Cross-culture Utility of the Concept rooted in Western

4、Church, to be exact, Christian Church and Trend of ModernizationReligion, Religions, ReligiousReligion, teaching, moral, doctrine, Church, Monk, Temple, Sect, Heresy, School, HeterodoxyReligious Studies, Studies of Religion, History of Religions, Theories of Religious StudiesScientific Studies on Re

5、ligion, Religion as a Model and ParadigmSoul and Heart, Emotional and physicalWe should firstly make it clear that towards what we deliver our studies of religion?Legitimacy of Religious Studies: Subject, Approaches, Neutral stand, ends towardsApproaches: Borrowing in name of self-containDefinitions

6、 of religion necessarily involve assumptions about its underlying nature. “Each and every definition of religion implies at least some theoretical conclusions . . . .”One of the many difficulties encountered in reaching a consensus on a legal definition of the term is that, at root, “no convincing g

7、eneral theory of religion exists.”Three of the principal theories about religion are: first, religion in its metaphysical or theological sense (e.g., the underlying truth of the existence of God, the dharma, etc.); second, religion as it is psychologically experienced by people (e.g., the feelings o

8、f the religious believer about divinity or ultimate concerns, the holy, etc.); and third, religion as a cultural or social force (e.g., symbolism that binds a community together or separates it from other communities). Two of the most important forms of definition may be characterized as the “essent

9、ialist” and the “polythetic.” A better definition is: Belief in something sacred (for example, gods or other supernatural beings). A distinction between sacred and profane objects. Ritual acts focused on sacred objects. A moral code believed to have a sacred or supernatural basis. Characteristically

10、 religious feelings (awe, sense of mystery, sense of guilt, adoration), which tend to be aroused in the presence of sacred objects and during the practice of ritual. Prayer and other forms of communication with the supernatural. A world view, or a general picture of the world as a whole and the plac

11、e of the individual therein. This picture contains some specification of an over-all purpose or point of the world and an indication of how the individual fits into it. A more or less total organization of ones life based on the world view. A social group bound together by the above. 人文精神作为一种理解态度Hum

12、anism的翻译困境Cultural concept of HumanismAttitude of Understanding, Understanding& ExplanationInstinct & Inherency of Human as a GroupMeaning & Sense from traditional and exegetic AccumulationRespect of Self stems from respect towards otherness宗教研究的现状及其发展Religious Studies & Studies of A Single Religion

13、Comparative Studies of Religion & Gap between different CulturesChinese and Its Culture CircleHistory to Model: Why we believe?Maurice Freedman：中国的农民文化与士人文化不是两种不同的东西，而是彼此的另一个版本。也就是说，中国的文化基本上的统一性不是来自一个历史性的源头或者单一的社会阶层，而是一个普遍的宗教观念体系，这体系由精英分子与农民大众之间不断交换观念和各种习俗而得以成长。Benjamin Schwartz：中国民间文化与精英文化之间虽然分享了某些相同的基本特征，如基于宇宙观之上的一统帝王观念，以及以此为中心的大一统的政治社会秩序等，但两者之间的差异也是相当明显的。民间文化与精英文化之间的关系不只是互为版本，而是不断地彼此影响