高中状语从句导学案

1、(word圆满版)高中状语从句导教课方案(word圆满版)高中状语从句导教课方案13/13(word圆满版)高中状语从句导教课方案if，unless,incase,onconditionthat,provided(that),supposing,状语从句思想导图易考易错点总结状语从句包含时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、退步状语从句、原由状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。对状语从句的观察主要会合在连接词上，特别要重视as,until,before,since,when,incase等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。详尽来说主要包含：1观察状语从句的连接词。要掌握各个连词的含义及其用法

2、，还有它们之间的差别。如：时间状语的连词有while,when，as，assoonas，until，notuntil，before,after,since等；条件状语从句的连词有suppose(that)等；结果状语从句的连词有sothat(这样以致于),suchthat(这样以至于)等。2观察固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如：nosoonerthan，hardlywhen，scarcelybefore，themoment/minute，directly。3观察不同样性质的连词在不同样的语境中所表达的不同样意义。如：as既能指引时间状语从句，又能指引原由状语从句和退步状语从句；where能指引地

3、点状语从句和定语从句等。4观察状语从句的时态。主要观察在时间、条件、退步状语从句顶用一般此刻时表未来及用一般过去时取代过去未来时的用法。5观察状语从句的省略。1在时间、原由、条件、方式、退步等状语从句中，经常省略同样的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词，保存此刻分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。假如从句中有“itis形容词”结构，也可以省略itis。6观察状语从句、宾语从句、简单句和并列句的句式结构。如：when指引时间状语从句意为“当的时候”，指引宾语从句意为“什么时候”；if指引条件状语从句意为“假如”，指引宾语从句意为“能否”等。一状语含义：修饰_词、_词、_词或_，说明动作或状态

4、特色的句子成分.二状语从句：在主从复合句中做状语的从句。结构为：句子+指引词作状语。HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.三状语从句分类：时间状语从句地点状语从句原由状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句退步状语从句When,while,as,assoonas,hardlywhen,nosoonerthan,scarcely.when,since(),once,whenever,before,after,till,until,themoment(theminute,thesecond,theinstant,im

5、mediately,directly,instantly,),bythetime,everytime,eachtime,aslongas(=solongas)Where,whereverIf,unless,once(),incase(that),solongas(aslongas),onconditionthat,asfaras(sofaras)Because,since(),nowthat,as,seeingthat(),consideringthat()Such(a,an)that,sothat,so,sothat,thatSothatinorderthat,forfearthat,inc

6、aseThough,although,as,everif=eventhough,whatever,whenever,wherever,however,whichever,whoever,whomever,nomatterwhat,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhownomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhom,whetherornot=whetherornot()Asas,notso/asas,morethan,lessthanAs,justas,asif=asthough练习题1.WhileIwaswalkingalon

7、gthestreet,Ifoundmanybeatifulbuildings()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting.4.Illspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Socleverwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudontloseheart,youllsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfi

8、ndajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()29.HeistallerthanIam.()一.时间状语从句时间状语从句常用1）When,while,as,2）assoonas,hardlywhen/before,nosoonerthan,scarcely.when,whenever3）since(自从),once,before,after,till,until,4）themoment(theminute,thesecond,theinstant,theday,theyear,）bythetime,everytime,eachti

9、me,nexttime，anytime.thefirsttime,thesecondtime5）immediately,instantly，directly),等词来指引。比方：Itwasraininghard_Igottoschoolyesterday._hewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang._hewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinese_hecametoChina._hefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.Hewasill

10、_Isawhim.Nosoonerhadsheheardthenews_hecried.1.连接词when的用法小结1)when可用来指引时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是_，也可以是_的。如：_thefilmended,theywentback._Ilivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.2).When常用于以下句式：意为“就在那时”。如：wasdoingsomethingwhenwasabouttodowhenwasonthepointofdoingsth.whenhaddonewhenwhen可以表“既然”，如：HowcanI

11、helpthemtounderstand_theywontlistentome?练习题-填空1.Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_someonepattedhimontheshoulder.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden_itwasthebesttimeforit.DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?Yes.Itwasnotyeteightoclock_hearrivedhome.Hewasabouthalf

12、waythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.2.连接词while的用法小结while可用来指引时间状语，意为“_”；指引的动作必然是_，如：Pleasedonttalksoloud_othersareworking.while作为并列连词，意为“_”，表示比较。Janewasdressedinbrown_Marywasdressedinblue.while也可用来指引退步状语，意为“_”；相当于_Iadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idontagreethattheycantbesolved.趁的状况连忙做,不然来

13、不及了3Strike_theironishot.练习1.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,_thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.D.while2._Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.D.Unless_itistruethatastudentsmostimportantgoalistodowellinhisorherstudies,itdoesntneedtobetheonlygoal.AwhenBAsCWhileD

14、Before4.Marymadecoffeeherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.全(国)D.asif3.as用法小结1.指引时间状语从句：重申同时发生或紧接着发生，动作无先后。当时候一边一边跟着2.指引原由状语从句：_3.指引方式状语从句：_4.指引退步状语从句：_,必然用_5.指引比较状语从句：asas_6.指引定语从句：_7.介词：_练习题猜想词义，as用法小结1.AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey._AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic._Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent._

15、Astheweatherissobad,wehavetostayhome._Youcandoitasyoulike._Oldasheis,heisstillenergetic._HespeaksEnglishasfluentlyasanativespeaker._4.比较while,when,as种类作用例句asas表示“当的时候”，经常和when/while通用，但它重视重申主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几

16、乎同时)示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某when一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。while意思是“当的时候”或“在while某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.4情在从句中的动作或事情的进展Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要Strikewhiletheironis

17、hot.(用as或用连续性动词。在when表示awhen不可以，这里的while意思是periodoftime时，二者可以互换。“趁”)注意事项：as,when指引短暂性动作的动词。比方：Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome我.一刹车，有一个人向我走来。当从句的动作发生于主句动作以前，只好用when指引这个从句，不可以用as或while。比方：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when或while。比方：Asthedaywenton,thewea

18、thergotworse.日子一每日过去，天气越变越坏。练习题-用while,when,as填空：_Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore._Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch._hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.Howcanhegetgoodgrades_hewontstudy?(他不好勤学习却能得高分，他是怎么做到的？When表示固然)Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet_Icaughtsig

19、htofatailorsshop._thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.比较练习1.Wewereabouttoleave_itbegantorain.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherson,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmyson.HardlyhadIfinishedmycomposition_thebellrang.5.指引时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：till,until和notuntil1.until/till从句用于必然句时，主句的动词是连续性动作，意为“_”。如：W

20、ewaiteduntil/tillhecame.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非连续性动词，意为“_”。如：Hewontgotobeduntilherfatherreturns.3till不可以以置于句首，而until可以。如：UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4notuntil句型中的重申解倒装说法：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.练习题Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Heh

21、adneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.D.when5(03上海)Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlistenerscuriosity_hereachestheendofthestory.D.untilItwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then6.连接词before的小结说出before含义1Wehadsailed

22、fourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland._2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired._3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit._4BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme._before的有关句型1）Itwillbe/段时间before“还要过多久才”Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）Itwas+时间段+before从句（动作已发生）Itwasthreeweeksbeforehecameback3）Itwillnot

23、belongbefore“不多久就会”Itwontbelongbeforeshecomesback4）Itwasnotlongbefore“不多久就了”如：Itwasntlongbeforeheleftthecountry.5）Itis时间since如：Itisthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.7.since的用法1）.IhavereturnedhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.2）.Shehasbeenworkingheresinceheleftschool.3）.Iha

24、veseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.4）.Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.5）.ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.译：_总结：Itis+sometime+since+did.Itwas+sometime+since+haddone.练习题1.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.D.asScientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatie

25、nts.D.whenWhydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.6Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.比较练习Itwillbeyears_wemeetagain.Itistenyears_Icametothistown.Itistenyearsago_Icametothistown.D.since8.hardly/scarcelyWhen/before就”，once(一旦).假如hardly须倒装。nosoonerthan,assoon表as示“一或

26、nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必Hardly/scarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain._Ihavefinishedit,Illgiveyouacall._youshowanyfear,hewillattackyou.Wehadhardlygotintothecountry_itbegantorain.=_whenitbegantorain.用部分倒装)Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrived_shestartedcomplaining.9.directly,immediately,instantly,

27、themoment,theminute一就Hemadeforthedoor_heheardtheknock.10.一些含有time的名词短语，如thefirst/second/lasttime,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，也可指引时间状语从句。ThefirsttimeIdrovethecar,Ifeltverynervous.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomposition.注意：表示未来状况，主句用未来时，从句用此刻时。在时间和条件从句中，主句是一般未来时，从句平时用一般此刻时表示一般未来或许用此刻完成表示

28、未来完成。llgooutingifitdoesntraintomorrow.IllwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.Dontgetoffthebusuntilthebushasstopped.练习题DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?Yes.Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileD.although2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime3._ente

29、redtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad二.条件状语从句指引状语从句的连接词有:7If“假如”,unless相当于ifnot“除非，假如不”,as/solongas只需,incase假使,假如,provided/providing(that),假如Suppose/supposing(that),假如,onconditionthat条件是As(so)faras据所知given(that),鉴于、考虑1.if“假如”，表示正面的

30、条件.“祈使句+and(or)+陈说句”在乎思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。比方：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,_youwillsucceed.Workharder,_youwontsucceed._harder,youwillsucceed.onconditionthat,suppose(that)

31、,supposing(that)(假如)incase(万一),provided(that),providing(that)假如)等也可指引条件状语从句。e.g.Youmayborrowthebook,_thatyoudonotlendittoothers._(that)Idonthaveadayoff,whatshall？wedo_(that)thereisnoopposition,Iwillactastherepresentativeofourschool.练习题1._Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.D.Eve

32、nif2.IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.AincaseBsothatCinorderDasif三.退步状语从句指引词有though,although，eventhough,evenif,as(倒装),while(尽管)whoever,whatever,however,nomatter=what/when/who/how,whetheroretc.1）though,although指引的退步状语从句，后边的从句不可以有_，但是可和(and)yet可连用。比方：Althoughitsraining,theyare

33、stillworkinginthefield.Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.Thoughthesoremaybehealed,yetascarmayremain伤.口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。2）as指引的退步从句必然表语或状语提早（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提早）。比方：Childashewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Though也可以用于倒装，但其可倒装可不倒装。Childthoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.3）everif,eventhough即便。比方：We

34、llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.4）whetheror不论都。比方：Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5）nomatter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever。比方：Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.8取代nomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhen=whenevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterwhich=whichevernoma

35、tterhow=however（+形容词/副词+主语+谓语）注意：nomatter不可以指引主语从句和宾语从句。6)while也可一代退步状语从句，意思是“尽管”练习题1._Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.D.Unless2.Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,_theyaredifferentfromyourown.D.asthough3.Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.Dalthough4.Theoldtowe

36、rmustbesaved,_thecost.AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwherever5.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose_youlike.比较练习Hewouldhavealookatthebookstores_hewenttotown.Wedecidetofinishtheworkontime,_happens.Ifweworkwithastrongwill,weovercomeanydifficulty,_greatitis.Illgivethebookto_likesEnglish.D.however四结果

37、状语从句1.结果状语从句常由sothat,sothat或suchthat指引。sothat与suchthat之间可以变换。比方：Theboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.=HeissuchayoungboythathecantgotoschoolThereisnotmuchnoiseheresothatIfeelverycomfortable.2.sothat,suchthat的差别：So为副词，修饰形容词或副词，不可以修饰名词；such是形容词，用来修饰名词。常有结构有：2)such+a+adj名词+thatclausesuch+（adj）+名词复数3)so+a

38、dj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+复数名词+thatclausemuch/little（少）+不可以数名词Itis_goodweatherthatweallwanttogoout.Heearned_littlemoneythathecouldntsupporthimself.9Itsnotsurprisingthat_littlechildcanmanageit.注意：sothat表示目的和结果的差别：目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/would等神态动词。Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarri

39、veintime.（_）Theysetoutearlysothattheyarrivedintime（._）五.原由状语从句指引词有because,since,nowthat,(既然)as和for比较because,since,as和for：1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原由，回答why提出的问题。当原由是不言而喻的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。比方：Ididntgo,becauseIwasafraid.Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.2）由because指引的从句假如放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用f

40、or来取代。但假如不是说明直接原由，而是多种状况加以推测，就只好用for。比方：Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.3)since表示对方已经认识，无需加以说明的原由或事实，语气比because弱。Illdoitforyousinceyouarebusy.4）nowthat意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突失事实自己。NowthatIamwellagain,Icangoonwithmywork.5）as表示的经常是十分显然的原由，听者或读者已经知道或可以看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。Asyouo

41、bject,Illchangemyplan.六.目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由sothat,inorderthat,lest（以防，免得，免得）,forfearthat（以防，免得，免得）,incase（以防，免得，免得）等词指引。比方：Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必然大点声，他人就能听见了。Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）heshouldforgetit.他写下了这个名字免得此后忘掉。注意：a.目的状语从句谓语常含有can/could/may/might/will/

42、would等神态动词。b.连接词“incase，lest，forfearthat”可以用来指引虚假语气。其形式平时为：“lest（incase，forfearthat）+主语+should+动词原形”。Lest，forfearthat句中的should可以省去，incase句中的should平时不省去，但是incase句中可以不用虚假语气，而用陈说语气。Lest，forfearthat后边也可以接其余形式。比方：Hetookhiscoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain他.带着雨衣以防下雨。IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatI（should/might

43、）disturbyou.我不会做声的，免得打搅你。Caremustbetakeninusingthismethodlestoverflow（should）occur.10在使用这以方法的时候要慎重当心，免得发生溢流现象。七.比较状语从句比较状语从句平时由asas,notas/soas,than,themorethemore指引。1)as/soase.gTomisastallasJohn.Tomisnotso/astallasJohn.注意：asas既可以用于必然句又可以用于否定句;soas只用于否定句。2)thane.gHerunsfasterthanI(run).3）themorethemo

44、ree.gTheharderhetries,thebetterresulthewillget.八.方式状语从句方式状语从句平时由asif,;asthough;as,;（just）as,so,指引。1）as,（just）asso指引的方式状语从句平时位于主句后，但在（just）asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。比方：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家如何待你，你就要如何待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshoul

45、dsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.2）asif,asthough二者的意义和用法同样，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚假语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈说语气，表示所讨状况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作忧如似的，忧如似的。比方：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.他们圆满忽视了这些事实，就忧如它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚假语气。）Helooksasif（asthough）hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚假语气。）I

46、tlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈说语气。）说明：asif/asthough也可以指引一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。比方：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger波.涛冲击着岩石，忧如很生气九地点状语从句地点状语从句平时由where,wherever指引。比方：11WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树好多。WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不论我在哪里我都会想到你。Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.注意：没有先行词（差别于定语从句）Headvisemetolive_theairisfresher.D.whenHeadvisemetoliveinaplace_theairisfresher.A.D.whichAfterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputup_t