Voice of Courage 勇气之声译文

1、不得用于商业用途UnitTwo:HistoryandPersonalityTextAVoiceofCourageByJonathanAlter?勇气之声美国乔纳森奥尔特?AfewdaysafterFranklinDelanoRooseveltwasswornintooffice,hesatintheWhiteHouseworkingonaradiospeechaboutthecountrysbankingcrisis,scheduledfordeliveryonSunday,March12,1933.ItwasthedepthsoftheDepression,withaquarterofAme

2、ricansoutofwork,homelessanddestitute.Glancingoutthewindow,FDRsawaworkmantakingdowntheinauguralscaffoldingontheWhiteHousegrounds.在富兰克林德拉诺罗斯福宣誓就职的几天后，他坐在白宫里起草一份关于美国银行业危机的广播演说，它将于1933年3月12日这个星期天播出。此时此刻，美国正处于经济大萧条的水深火热之中，四分之一的美国人不是失业，就是无家可归，穷困潦倒。罗斯福向窗外望去，只见一个工人正在拆掉白宫临时搭建的总统就职演说的平台。?IdecidedIdtrytomakeas

3、peechthatthisworkmancouldunderstand,hetoldLouisHowe,hischiefaide.“我一定要让这样的普通工人也能听得懂我的演讲。”他对首席助理路易斯霍夫说。?TheAmericaneconomicsystemwasinastateofshock.OnSaturday,March4,afewhoursbeforeFDRsswearing-in,thegovernorsofNewYork,IllinoisandPennsylvaniasignedordersclosingbanksinthosestates.TheNewYorkStockExchan

4、gehadsuspendedtrading,andtheChicagoBoardofTradebolteditsdoorsforthefirsttimesinceitsfoundingin1848.Theterrifyingrunsthatbegantheyearbeforeonmorethan5,000failingbankshadstrippedruralareasofcapitalandnowthreatenedtooverwhelmAmericancities.美国的经济体系正处于危难之中。3月4日星期六，就在罗斯福宣誓就职前几个小时，纽约州、伊利诺斯州和宾夕法尼亚州的州长们刚刚签署了

5、指令，关闭这些州的银行。纽约证券交易所已经暂停了交易。而自从1848年成立以来，芝加哥期货交易所也头一次关上了大门。始于前一年的“挤兑”现象令人惊慌，？5000多家银行倒闭，农村资金极度匮乏，而现在美国的城市也面临着全面的危机。Thiswasthebottom.Ifyouhadyourmoneyinabankthatwentbust,youwerewipedout.Withnoideawhetherbankswouldreopen,millionsofpeoplehidtheirfewremainingassetsundertheirmattresses,wherenoonecouldstea

6、lthemwithoutafight.这就是底线了。如果你存钱的银行倒闭了，那么你也就完蛋了。数以百万计的美国人无法确定银行是否能够重新开门，于是把自己仅剩的那点财产都藏在褥垫下面。除非经过一场激战，藏在这里的钱谁也偷不走。RooseveltsinauguraladdressattheCapitolhadbeguntorestorehope,withhisstandoutline,Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.Yetthegreatestapplausecamewhenhesaidthatifhisreformprogramwasnotadopted

7、,IshallaskCongressfortheoneremaininginstrumenttomeetthecrisis:broadexecutivepowertowageawaragainsttheemergency.罗斯福在国会的就职演讲给人们重新带来了希望，他那句最着名的话给人们留下了深刻的印象：“唯一值得恐惧的就是恐惧本身。”当提到若改革措施不被接受时，他的决心得到了人们的大声喝彩：“我将向国会要求对付危机的最后手段一一向紧急状况开战的广泛行政权力。”ThenFDRusedanewmediuminanewwaytochangemillions.罗斯福以新的方式利用了一种新媒体，改变了

8、百万人的牛活。ThefirstPresidentialradiobroadcastwasintroducedbyRobertTroutofCBS,whoreadfromafolksyscriptapprovedbyFDR:ThePresidentwantstocomeintoyourhomeandsitatyourfiresideforalittlefiresidechat.FDRbroughtnaturaltalenttotherole.Hisspeakingvoicewasabeautiful,relaxedtenor,notthecontrivedbassoprofundoofpompo

9、uspoliticians.第一次总统广播演讲是由CBS的罗伯特特劳特向公众介绍的，这份亲切的介绍词受到了罗斯福的肯定：“总统希望来到你的家里，坐在壁炉旁，与大家做个炉边小谈。”对于完成这个任务，罗斯福有着天分。他的音质优美，语调放松，与那些华而不实的政客的虚情假意完全不同。Rooseveltowedmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune.In1921,thenumberofradiosintheUnitedStateswasinthethousands.By1928,therewere9million,andby1932,18million,withabouthalft

10、hehouseholdsowningatleastoneradio.HerbertHooverhadappearedononeofthefirsttelecastsproducedbyaninfanttechnologycalledtelevision,butneitherhenoranyoneelseknewhowtousethebroadcastingmediumeffectively.罗斯福的炉边谈话大大受益于技术的发展。1921年，全美收音机的数量只有几千台。而到了1928年，这个数字就达到了900万台。到1932年的时候，全美已经有1800万台收音机了，大约有一半的家庭每家至少有一台

11、收音机。赫伯特胡佛利用过一种叫做电视的新牛技术，他曾经首次出现在“电视广播”上。但无论是胡佛还是其他人，都不知道如何有效地利用广播媒体。Roosevelt,though,wasdifferent.然而，罗斯福则与众不同。Allafternoon,workersbusilyremovedthegoldpiecesandPresidentialchinapatternsintheDiplomaticReceptionRoomontheWhiteHousegroundfloor.Incamebulkyelectricalequipmentandtelephonecables,connectedtoa

12、deskandbuilt-inmicrophone.Meanwhile,Rooseveltpicturedpeoplegatheredintheparlor,listeningwiththeirneighbors,wroteFrancesPerkins,whowitnessedmanybroadcasts.Ashetalked,hisheadwouldnodandhishandswouldmoveinnatural,relaxedgestures.Hisfacewouldlightupasthoughhewereactuallysittingwithpeople.整个下午，工人们都在忙着搬走白

13、宫外交接待大厅里的各种金饰品和总统瓷器，而搬讲来的则是笨重的电气设备和电话电缆，这些设备都与一台桌子和内置的麦克风相连接。与此同时，罗斯福想象人们“聚在客厅里，与他们的邻居共同倾听”。曾经亲历了无数广播现场的弗朗西斯珀金斯如是写道，“当罗斯福说话的时候，他点着头，并且做出各种自然而放松的手势。他的面孔熠熠生辉，就好像真的与人们坐在一起谈话一样。”Theritualwentthisway:Upstairs,FDRwouldputthefinishingtouchesoneverywordandphrase.Hewasobsessedwithpunctuation.GraceTully,hisse

14、cretary,sometimesinsertedextracommaswhenshetyped,leadingherbosstogentlyupbraidherforwastingthetaxpayerscommas.Hisrealconcernwastiming.Hereadaloudatabout100wordsaminute,butheadjustedhispaceforeffect.At6p.m.,Roosevelthadhisthroatsprayedforasinusproblem.Thenheenjoyedcocktailsanddinner.整个过程是这样进行的：在楼上，罗斯

15、福对每个单词和短语进行最后的润色。他对标点符号非常在意，而秘书格雷斯塔利打字时有时会多打一些逗号，她的老板会因此语气和善地批评她“浪费纳税人的逗号”。罗斯福最关心的是时间把握问题。他大声朗读的速度大约是每分钟100个单词，但是他会调整自己的速度以求得到最好的效果。下午6点钟，因为鼻窦的问题罗斯福让人帮他冲洗了喉咙，然后就开始享用鸡尾酒和晚餐了。?MomentsbeforethefirstFiresideChatwastoair,therewasacrisis.Noonecouldfindhisleather-boundreadingcopy.Panicensuedforeveryoneexce

16、ptFDR,whocalmlypickedupasmudged,mimeographedcopy.Aftersippingfromaglassofwater,hereadthewordsperfectlyontheair.就在第一次炉边谈话播出前一刻，还发牛了一场危机：那份用皮革包边的朗读稿找不到了。大家都惊慌失措，而罗斯福则没有。他冷静地拿起一份脏兮兮的油印稿，啜饮了一点水之后，开始完美地朗读起来，并同时向全国播出。Thebeautyofthatfirstprime-timeradiospeechwasitsclarity.FDRwalkedpeoplethroughthebasicsofb

17、ankingwithoutbeingpatronizing.Heoutlinedtheprocessfordecidingwhichbankstoopen.Hemadeeveryoneunderstandit,eventhebankers,WillRogersquippedlater.这次黄金时段的广播演讲其美妙之处在于它的清晰。罗斯福帮助人们了解了银行业的基本原理，而没有任何施恩于人的姿态。对于哪些银行要开业，他大体介绍了其决策过程。“他让每个人都清楚明白一一甚至包扌舌银行家在内。”威尔罗杰斯后来打趣地说道。Inthemiddleofthespeech,Rooseveltsaidsimply

18、,Icanassureyouthatitissafertokeepyourmoneyinareopenedbankthanunderthemattress.Byraisinganissuethatmadesomanyfeelshameful,heliftedtheshameofferinglistenersawaytostrikeapatrioticblowbysimplydepositingmoneyintoasolventbank.Thosewhoplannedinsteadtowithdrawmoneyweregentlythrowninwithanunsavorylot.Hoardin

19、g,thePresidentsaid,hasbecomeanexceedinglyunfashionablepastime.在演讲中，罗斯福简单地说道：“我敢向大家保证，把钱存在重新开业的银行里，比放在褥子底下要安全。”他提及了这件让很多人羞愧的事情，旨在帮助人们摆脱羞愧一一他告诉人们只要把钱存入有偿付能力的银行，就是一种爱国之举。而打算把钱从银行取走则被温和地指为不明智的行为。总统说，囤积，“已经成为一种极度不流行的消遣行为了。”Thenhereturnedtothemessopopularinhisinaugural.Confidenceandcouragearetheessentials

20、incarryingoutourplan.Letusuniteinbanishingfear.Wehaveprovidedthemachinerytorestoreourfinancialsystem.Togetherwecannotfail.然后他又回到在其就职演说中深受欢迎的主题。“在执行计划的过稈中，信心和勇气必不可少。让我们联合起来，赶走恐惧。我们已经有了恢复金融体系的机制。只要团结起来，就不会失败的。”JimFarley,atoppoliticaladvisor,wrotethatifjudgedbyitsimpact,thisspeechmayhavebeenthegreatest

21、singleutterancebyanAmericanPresident.Noothertalkevercalledforthsuchawaveofspontaneousenthusiasmandcooperation.With60millionpeoplelistening,theeffectwasimmediate.Thenextday,Monday,March13,newspapersreportedlonglinesofAmericansanxioustoredeposittheirmoney.TheNewYorkStockExchange,closedforoveraweek,ope

22、ned15percenthigher,thelargestone-daysurgeinmorethanhalfacentury.Withinaweek,mostoftherecentlyclosedbanksreopened.高级政治顾问吉姆法利认为，如果以影响力作为评价标准，那么这次演讲可被认为是美国总统所做的最伟大的一次演讲了。“没有哪一次谈话能够像它一样激起人们如此强烈的自发热情和合作。”6000万人同时倾听，产生的即时效果是可想而知的。第二天一一3月13日是个周一，报纸报道说美国人排起了长队，急切地要把钱重新存回银行。而关闭了一周多的纽约证券交易所也重新开市了，当天高开了？15%,创造

23、了半个多世纪以来的单日最大涨幅。炉边谈话后的一个星期之内，大多数最近关闭的银行都重新开业了。GeraldFord,about20atthetime,rememberedFDRsFiresideChatsasbigeventswewouldallstopandlisten.RonaldReagansbiographer,LouCannon,haswrittenthatReagansmetaphorsweretheoffspringofFDRs.AndBillClintonrecalledhearinghisgrandfathertalkabouthowhesatinraptattention,t

24、henwenttoworkthenextdayfeelingalittledifferentaboutthecountry.当时杰拉德福特只有20岁左右，他回忆说罗斯福总统的炉边谈话是“重要的事情一我们都会停下手头的事情倾听”。罗纳德里根的传记作家卢坎农写道，里根的“比喻说话方式得到了罗斯福总统的遗传”。比尔克林顿也回忆说，他的祖父谈到自己当时听罗斯福的演讲时，会全神贯注，“第二天上班的时候，感觉到这个国家已经发牛了变化。AfterthefirstFiresideChat,FDRrelaxedinhisoffice.At11:30p.m.hesaid,Ithinkitstimeforbeer.

25、PreparationsforabilltospeedtheendofProhibitionbeganthatnight.第一次炉边谈话之后，罗斯福在办公室里稍稍放松了一下。晚上11点半的时候，他说:“该喝点啤酒了。”就在那一天晩上，他开始了加速取消禁酒令的准备工作。?Vocabulary1.swearv.toadmitsomeonetoaparticularofficeorpositionbydirectingthemtotakeaformaloath宣誓2.deliveryn.givingaspeechinpublic演讲3.destituteadj.havingnomoney,nofoo

26、d,nohomeetc.困穷.7.18.inauguraladj.(ofanofficialspeech)first,andmarkingthebeginningofsth.important就职的,开始的scaffoldingn.asetofpolesandboardsbuiltintoastructureforworkerstostandonoutsideofabuilding脚手架aiden.sb.helpingapersonwithanimportantjob,esp.apolitician美助手，畐Uswearing-

27、insuspendshorttime暂停boltoverwhelmnotknowhowtoreactassetmattressCapitolmeets国会大厦restorestandoutrest出色的,杰出的Congressn.makingapromisetodoajobcorrectly宣誓就职v.toofficiallystopsomethingfromcontinuing,esp.forav.tolockadoororwindowbyslidingaboltacross上门闩v.tosurprisesomeoneverymuchsothattheydo使人不知所措n.theproper

28、tyofaperson,company,etc.,esp.ofvalue资产n.thesoftpartofabedtolieon床垫n.thebuildinginWashingtonD.C.wheretheUSCongressv.tomakesomethingreturntoitsformerstateorcondition恢adj.apersonorsth.inagroupmuchbetterthanallthen.thegroupofpeopleelectedtomakelawsintheUS,consistingoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentative

29、s(美国等国的)国会,议会executiveadj.relatingtothejobofmanagingabusinessororganizationandmakingdecisions行政的wagev.tobeginandcontinueawar,abattle,etc.发动3.folksyadj.(infml.)esp.AmEfriendlyandinformal和气的，无拘束的scripttenorcontrivedbassoprofundop

30、ompousn.thewrittenformofaspeech,play,filmetc.手稿，原本n.ahighmalesingingvoice男高音adj.seemingfalseandnotnatural人为的，做作的n.(pl.bassoprofundos)adeepbasssingvoice低音adj.feelingoneselfbetterthanothers浮夸的telecastn.sth.broadcastontelevision电视广播bulkyparloradj.biggeranddifficulttocarryorstore体积大的n.(old-fashion)aroom

31、inpubicbuildingstoreceiveguests会客obsessv.tobetalkingorworryingaboutsth.allthetime着迷n.themarkstodividewritingintopunctuationsentences,phrases,etc.标点，标点符号v.(fml.)toblamesb.havingdonesth.wrong责备upbraidtimingn.speed调速sprayv.toforceliquidoutofacontainerinastreamofverysmalldrops喷射sinusn.thespacesinthebone

32、sofonesheadconnectedtotheinsideofonesnose窦airv.tobroadcastaprogramontelevisionorradio(用无线电，电视)播送panicn.asuddenstrongfeelingoffearornervousnessmakingsb.unabletothinkclearly惊慌,恐慌ensuesmudgevi.tohappenafterorasaresultofsomething跟着发生v.tomakeadirtymarkonasurface弄脏mimeographn.acopymadebyusingaduplicator油印

33、品prime-timetelevision黄金时段n.thetimeintheeveningwiththelargestnumberofpeoplewatchingpatronizingintelligent高人等的quipassuresolventadj.showingoneselfbetter,ormorev.tosaysomethingcleverandamusing嘲弄v.totellpositivelyorconfidently向保证adj.havingenoughmoneytopayyourdebts有偿付能力44.unsavoryadj.disgusting令人讨厌的45.lot

34、46.hoardingn.agrouporsetofpeopleorthings一批，一类人或物n.store贮藏47.pastime48.themen.somethingenjoyableorinteresting消遣，娱乐n.themainsubjectorideainwriting,speech,film,etc.(谈话,写作等的）主题49.banishv.totrytostopthinkingaboutsomethingorsomeone消除50.utterancen.(fml.)somethingapersonsays说话51.52.spontaneousorganized，buth

35、appeningbyitself自发的，自然产生的n.asuddenincreaseinamountornumber居吐曾surgeadj.notplannedor53.raptadj.attentive全神贯注的Phrasesandexpressions1.workon:2.takedown:totryhardtoimproveorachievesomething从事于；致力于opieces拆卸gobust:togobankrupt俚破产;完蛋4.wipedout:notbeforenoun(infml.)extremelytired精疲力竭的thefinishingtouch:thelas

36、tdetail最后一笔walksb.throughsth.:tohelpsb.learnorbecomefamiliarwithsth.帮助某人了解某事strikeablowforsb./sth.:tohelpachieveanaim帮助某人获得成功callforth:toproduceaparticularreaction使起作用NotesJonathanAlter:JonathanAlter(1957-)isacolumnistandsenioreditorforNewsweekmagazine，wherehehasworkedsince1983.Fornearlytwodecades，h

37、ehaswrittenawidelyacclaimedcolumnthatexaminespolitics，media，andsocialandglobalissues.Formorethanadecade，hehasworkedasacontributingcorrespondenttoNBCNews.?FranklinDelanoRoosevelt:FranklinD.Roosevelt(1882-1945)，thethirty-secondPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945).AssumingthePresidencyatthedepthoftheG

38、reatDepression，FranklinD.RoosevelthelpedtheAmericanpeopleregainfaithinthemselves.Hebroughthopeashepromisedprompt，vigorousaction，andassertedinhisInauguralAddress，theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.TheDepression:The“GreatDepressi(o1n9”29-1939)wasaperiodinUnitedStatesHistorywhenbusinesswaspoor.Banks，

39、stores，andfactorieswereclosedandleftmillionsofAmericansjobless，homeless，andpenniless.Manypeoplecametodependonthegovernmentorcharitytoprovidethemwithfood.TheDepressionbecameaworldwidebusinessslumpofthe1930sthataffectedalmostallnations.大萧条TheNewYorkStockExchange:TheNewYorkStockExchange(NYSE),nicknamed

40、theBigBoard,isaNewYorkCity-basedstockexchange.Itisthelargeststockexchangeintheworld.纽约证券交易所TheChicagoBoardofTrade:AnimportantmarketinChicago,US,inwhichfuturecontractsforthedeliveryofcommoditiesareboughtandsold.芝加哥交易所RobertTrout:(1909-2000)anAmericanbroadcastnewsreporter,bestknownforhisradioworkbefor

41、eandduringWorldWarII.HeanchoredCBSNewscoverageofWorldWarIIandcoinedthephrasefiresidechattodescribePresidentFranklinD.Rooseveltsradioaddressestothenation.CBS:ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem哥伦比亚广播公司HerbertHoover:(1874-1964)aUSpoliticianintheRepublicanPartyandPresidentoftheUSfrom1929to1933FrancesPerkins:(18

42、82-1965)secretaryoflaborforthe12yearsofFranklinD.RooseveltspresidencyandthefirstwomantoholdaCabinetpostWillRogers:(1879-1935),firstanIndian,acowboy,thenanationalfigureJimFarley:(1888-1973)appointedbyFDRpostmastergeneralandpartychairmanin1933andlateroneofFDRsclosestpoliticaladvisorsGeraldFord:(1913-2

43、006)Thirty-eighthPresident(1974-1977)RonaldReagan:(1911-2004)thefortiethPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1981-1989)LouCannon:(1933-)anAmericannon-fictionauthorandbiographer.HecoveredReaganforovertwenty-fiveyearsandtheauthorofPresidentReagan:TheRoleofaLifetimeBillClinton(1946-):theforty-secondPresidentofth

44、eUnitedStates(1993-2001)Prohibition:theperiodfrom1919to1933intheUSwhentheproductionandsaleofalcoholicdrinkswasillegal禁止,阻止,美禁酒令ExercisesQuestionsfordiscussionWhydoestheauthorsaythattheAmericaneconomicsystemwasinastateofshock?WhatisthemostencouraginglineinFDRsspeech?WhydoestheauthorsaythatRooseveltow

45、edmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune?HowdidFDRsspeechaffectpeopleandwhy?Howdoyouunderstandthetitleanddoestheword“courage”inthetitleonlyreferstothecourageshownbyFDR?II.Fillintheblankswiththewordsfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.ensuewageoverwhelmrestoreobsessdestitutepanicfolksyassetsdeliverysuspen

46、dadoptbanishquipassureYoullhavetoworkonyour,foryoullfacealargeaudience.Theunprecedentedfloodsleftmanypeopleandhomeless.Salesofthedrugwillbetemporallyuntilmoretestsarecompleted.IwascompletelybyhisgenerositytooffermetheopportunitytousehisluxurycarwhenIfirstmethim.Hewasonceanimmigrantworkerbuthasnowaco

47、rporationwith$2billionin.ShewashopingthattheMediterraneanclimatewouldhertofullhealthandenergy.Thecourtswereaskedtoamoreflexibleapproachtoyoungoffendersinsteadofaseverepunishment.Thecouncilhasavigorouscampaignagainsttheproposalputforwardbythenewlyelectedpresident.TheSmithshavelivedinthetownformoretha

48、n50yearsandtheyhaveaspecialloveforthetownwhichhasacertaincharm.Alotofyounggirlsarebytheirweightandmostofthemchoosetogoonadiet.Thewholenationisinastateoffollowingtheunexpectedattacksfromtheworld.Thenewgovernorisbusysolvingproblemsthatfromfoodandmedicalshortages.Whenpersuadedtogiveupsmoking,hewould“Gi

49、vingupsmokingiseasy.Ivedoneithundredsoftimes.”Sheisseriouslyillforthemoment,butherdoctorhasusthatshellbefineinnotime.Theparentsaretryingtotheunpleasantmemoryfromtheirsonsmind.III.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthegivenwords.Thetwoboyswerefriendsalltheweek,andembattledenemiesonSaturdays.(swe

50、ar)Apostmanisamanemployedtolettersandparcels.(delivery)Policyandactionalikegainedimmediateandsupportathome.(overwhelm)Theofthispolicywouldrelievethemofatremendousburden.(adopt)Inrecentyears,manychildrenswelfareinstitutionshaveraisedfundstohaveoperationsfordisabledchildreninwelfareinstitutions.(resto

51、re)Publicationofhisbiographywastocoincidewithhis70thbirthdaycelebrations.(timing)Berthatriedtospeak,butherthroatwasdry,andshecouldnoword.(utterance)Heconsumedalargeplatefuloftheverystew.(unsavory)Isitbettertospendyourmoneytodayoreverypennyinthebankfortomorrow?(hoarding)Itisawell-knownfactthattheEngl

52、ishhaveanwiththeirweatherandthat,givenhalfachance,theywilltakeaboutitatlength.(obsess)IV.Paraphrasethefollowingsentencesfromthetext.1.Theterrifyingrunsthatbegantheyearbeforeonmorethan5,000failingbankshadstrippedruralareasofcapitalandnowthreatenedtooverwhelmAmericancities.Ifyouhadyourmoneyinabankthatwentbust,youwerewipedout.Rooseveltowedmuchtotechnologicalgoodfortune.Thebeautyofthatfirstprime-timeradiospeechwasitsclarity.Byraisinganissuethatmadesomanyfeels